Ka pahi o ka lua pele aniani. Obsidian pahi,

Mai ka wā kahiko, ua imi kanaka a pau, e kōkua kā lākou hana ma ka likeʻole ma o na manao ona. Kekahi o na hana mua i ka pahi. Like loa me kanaka mai i ike e pili ana i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia nā no kona hana, he mau pohaku a me ka obsidian. Ka pahi o ka lua pele aniani hoʻomano hoʻohana no kaʻano hana a me ka lulu ana o primitiveʻohana. He uaʻaʻole pono he kākoʻo paahana a me ka mana kaua, akā, i hoike mai i ke kūlana o ke kanaka, na poe i kona koa a me ka ikaika.

obsidian

Natural pele aniani, a ua hanaʻia ma ka loa kokololio anuanu maila 'o pele, i kapaʻia obsidian. Aia mea he kaao, e hai ana i ka pohaku hana i hele mai ai iʻEulopa i ke aloha a hiki i Roman Obsidia, ma keia hope aku i ka inoa mua.

E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana ma ka inoa o ka pohaku, hele mai ana, mai ka olelo Helene, o hua'ōlelo "obsis", i mea i hoikeia. Ua ua ikeia uaʻeleʻele obsidian fabricated aniani.

physical waiwai

Ma ka hōʻike no ke kino ai ka waiwai o ka lua pele aniani nana i na kēia mau 'ano:

• ole mai i ka papakaukau 'ole, glasswool loa me ka pohihihi keia microphenocrysts;
• kala like 'ole a me ka kumu hoʻohālike hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā pōhaku microinclusions magnetite haikea feldspars, hao oxides, a pela aku.;
• mäliko hilinaʻi nui ma luna o nā inclusions, kona papahelu loli aʻe mai opaque i ka aniani moakaka ( 'ole translucent);
• ee iaaanu aey haku mele 'ana (huahelu rhyolite mai i ka pōhakuʻalā aniani): silikone'okikene lua - 75%, wai - emi o 1%;
• silky gloss, aniani;
• ostrogranny kink, nui conchoidal;
• ole cleavage;
• fragile;
• amorphous.

ano o ka obsidian

Ma o ka haku mele 'ana o ka obsidian māheleʻia i loko oʻelima ka papa kuhikuhi ano:

• rhyolite mai - kona 'ole kohu māpala;
• gabbro - kekahi mau inclusions me ka palaoa pyroxene;
• porphyry - olinolino ulaulaʻano o ka ole andesite;
• diorite - ua ka nānā 'ana ma luna o nā pōaka o feldspar, kohu māpala;
• anal - vitreous flakyʻano.

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka hoʻokēʻai a me ka pele pele aniani ho okumu kūlana loli ke ano o ka mea:

• Snow. Kekahi o ka loa maikai? Ueo. Ma ka kekahi mauʻeleʻele a pouli-eleele kāʻei kua i ike iki blurred keʻokeʻo kahi lilelile i like snowflakes.
• Rainbow. Ua hiki ke ike maopopo distinguishable papa o ka uliuli, ulaula,'ōmaʻomaʻo malu. Ke succession o'ōniʻoniʻo mea oi loa maikai ma ka oki. Ua ua i kapaʻia he peacock ka huelo a me ke ke aumoe kaula.
• Black. Kuai inoa i loko o ka US - i ka mauna aʻeleʻele mokulele hēkī Nevada daimana. Ua loaʻa he hohonu maemaeʻeleʻele waihoʻoluʻu.
• Apache waimaka. Kind oʻeleʻele obsidian - ua hoʻokōʻia koho.
• ʻEleʻele a me kaʻulaʻula. Wehewehe aku ma ka alternating ulaula a me ka eleele waihoʻoluʻu. I ka lua o ka inoa o ka wanaao,? Ueo - mauna Mahogany.
• Iridescent. Obsidian, lama me ka moku kinoea make a me ka wai a splashes, e hāʻawi ana ke gula a me ke kala ia. I kekahi manawa, aia no he lei koho: uliuli-uliuli, ulaula, omaomao, a anuenue.

Kekahi o ka loa naniʻano likeʻole o ka momi malu ai iʻike i loko o'Ararata. Ka pohihihi? Ueo nā Montana uliuli jade, obsidian, aquamarine aniani moakaka he omaomao iki, a poeleele iho poni Stromboli.

waiho

Ka mea pōhaku ua loaʻa i loko o aneane a pau ma luna o ka honua. Oia hoʻokomo kālā i loko o ka USA Mexico, Rusia, Hungary, Solowakia, Italy,'Āina Hao, Kekokia, Ethiopia, Nicaragua, Georgia,'Ararata, a me Ukraine.

kahiko pahi,

Pahi, mai na pepeiaohao a me ka pele aniani ua he cult e hoopii mai ai, a ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o keʻano o ke kanaka e kaumaha aku i waena o ka Aztecs. Ua ua he palahalaha, papalua-oi lua, he lau-hoʻokino. Manual aaioee a haʻalele ia haoʻa, akā, ka mea, aole e emi kona waiwai leo nahenahe, aʻokiʻoki aʻela i kaʻiʻo smoothly.

Ka lōʻihi o nā kaua ke hiki 30 knm a me ka laula, -. 6 knm kumu, nui i o ka pōhaku. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana paa wahie, pepeiaohao a me ka holoholona iwi. Crepe ke kōmi 'ana me ka pela brewed glue o ka unahi a me na iwi a ma na tendons o ka holoholona, ka mea kanu hoi e pana aku. Aia tendons enehana reflow.

Stone huahana

Epekema, archaeologists manaoio i ka hana o ka obsidian hoomaka iho la ma kahi o ewalu tausani makahiki aku nei, a ua kauohaʻia e ka mea waiwai.

• mau nō;
• pono ia Wāwahi i loko o papa;
• ano a pipili ma huʻi slices.

Ua Ua hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka hana ana i keʻano o keʻoki a hou i na mea paahana. Lipi, pahi, scrapers, arrowheads, ihe, a no laila, ma luna o. Metal auou caiaiai ka obsidian, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o nā hana 'ike loea. Indians o South America i ike i ka mea e hoohehee ai hana, ka mea, ua ai no kenekulia hoʻohana i ka pahi o ka lua aniani. Me ka mea, ua i mai hana i nā rituals o ka mohai a me ka ialoa. E like me ka oolea o ia mau lako kaua a hiki i oi i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia analogues.

pahi, ka pilina i ka laha ana o kuai pili aloha ma waena o nā aupuni elua. Kālepa kaʻi aku'āina hoʻohiwahiwa, koloka hoʻonaniʻia nā 'ikamu nā hualoaʻa a. Ka mea, ua 'ihiʻihi e i ka hana o ke akamai, ia olelo e pili ana i ke kūlana a me ka waiwai o ka' ohana.

Ma waho aʻeo i ka hana i ka obsidian Jewelry, aniani keleawe, ko ka hale ona mau.

pahi

Hiki i keia manawa, i ka obsidian pahi loaʻa kona connoisseur. enehana Hoikehonua, e kaumaha ana i ka pono kū hoʻokahi i loko o kona mea e like mea no ka hana ana i ko ka hale ona mau ipu, a me na mea paahana a oki. Akā, ma kona ano maoli aniani unsurpassed nani.

Ka pahi o ka lua pele aniani ua hua mai la i kaʻaeʻana i kahiko 'ana i kūpono. E hoʻohana i ka mea kūpono mea a me na mea paahana. A pau kēia mau kēia pahi e māheleʻia i loko oʻekolu pūʻulu.

1. Ka mua o na souvenirs. ʻOiai ia huahana ia mea hiki ke hana. Ka mea, ua pomaikai lakou, e kūʻai lawaia a me ka aiia. At iiaciiie-Aʻohe mahana pulu kapa hoʻomaka e pa ahau ke ai i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maka. Ka pahi o ka lua pele aniani aʻole i keia drawback, eia hoi, ka mea, ua pono oki,ʻaʻole blunts, a mai hemo mai ia wale nō i loko o ka hanana o ka hālāwai hope. Kekahi hua hoʻohui mea i ka mea, kŘpa a nike pahi. Souvenirs loaʻa papa koa mai ka 20 a hiki i 100 US dala
2. Ka lua o ka pūʻulu nā pahi i like Jewelry. enehana kahiko mea,ʻaʻole e mau ana pono, no laila ka mea, ua pinepine hoʻoikaika 'ana. Ke Ana o na huhui hilinaʻi ma ka makemake o ke Customer. Hoʻonaniʻia i lawelawe, no laila, artsy i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ia huahana mea wale ole i ke Akua. No ka mea? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā pōhaku i kohoʻia me nā loʻi - e hoonui ae i ka nānā aku o nā mea kaua, akā, ho'ēmi i kā ka mea e like ai o ka maka. Pehea ka nui o ka pahi o pele aniani, e hoʻoholo i ka haku. Ua pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka waiwai o ka meaʻai lāliʻi.
3. Ke kolu o ka pūʻulu ka loaʻa o nā huahana hana ma ka 'enehana kēia. Aniani anaiia hoonele mea hana ano chipping, i ka maka narrows, ma muli o ia i ka pono o ke kōmi 'poino. Lawelawe i loko o ia o ka hāpana Ua oi pono a me ka mea hiki ma mua o ka jewelery counterparts, akā, no ka mea, o ka mea fragility o ka maka, ua oi ka souvenir ma mua o ka mea paahana.

kēia 'ae hoʻohana

Hoikehonua, 'inikua ka ike e leie aku surgeons e lawe mai i ka maikai ke kinoʻoki kino (eaʻoki kino, ophthalmology). Nanotechnologies noi aku i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka loa lahilahi kōmi' ana. I ka lā, no kēia mau hana, ua hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka pahi o ka lua aniani. Ke kumukuai o ka palapala scalpel papa koa mai $ 60-100. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka subtleties o ka maka. Ke kihi o ka maka, a he oiaio, ua, kona ana kaʻe hiki e like lahilahi me 0,02 micron. Lahilahi oki puakai koke.

O ka holo ana, ke kālā no loea ae e paka hou maalea ana i na mea paahana. Diamond scalpels i ka mānoanoa o ka 0,003 micron, ka mea, ua oi mau nō a me ka ikaika ma mua o obsidian. Akā, i ke kala kiʻekiʻe i loko o hoʻokahi a oi na tausani o na dala he mai ole he hoʻonui i kā lākou ākea o ka makana.

I ka paka e like me ka lawe scalpel i lawelawe, hardwood laau pele maple. Me ka pīlali ke kōmi 'pili ana. Kēia manufacturingʻano hana e leie aku, e kiola aku la i ka mea e hoʻa'ā i hana maikaʻiʻole i loko o ka autoclave, me kekahi poino.

A scalpel hiki ke ku imua o mai i ka 20 hana. Ke drawback o ka fragility o ka pahi - me ka kīloi paʻewa puʻe ia, mai hemo mai. ʻO kekahi mea:ʻaʻohe mau'ālike kani. Manual? Iecaianoaaiiuo Aʻole e ae e hana like o ka ia nui, a kinona o ka maka.

Ua koi ana ia o ka mea paahana, a me ka imu. I keia la, i ka mea kuke i loko o nā lima o ka ole wale metala pahi. He ākea Pottery. Pahi (Pākē, Kelemānia, Japanese) ai lakou ia lakou iho e lilo i loea 'oihana hoʻopololei. E like me kona physical ano ka mea, e hoohalike ai i ka obsidian kōmi 'ana.

manufacturing enehana

Pahi hana mai ka lua pele aniani ua lawe mai i loko o ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

1. Aaioee preform drummer. Ke workpiece ia pono e palua ia o ka mea paahana hope loa. Ikaika a me ka kūlike loa lakou hahau ana ma ka ^{90, e} Wāwahi i ka mea ai i ka hana i ka palahalaha ili. Ke kaʻe Ua lena, ka mea hiki ke kua.
2. E hana i ka maka o kekahi palapala spall pono he uuku waleʻia mai. No keia mea paakiki iwi a me ka wahie pono e "podstrugat" huhui. Kēia hana Pono ahonui, manawa a me ka pololei.
3. I palu kōmi 'spinning hana. Ma ka "kua" E lulu aku cortex ( 'ole' ē aʻe cushioning mea), ka mea, ua kauʻia ma luna o ka wānana aku pahi, a me ka lāʻau a me ka iwi? Inoaia pololei maikai flakes (me kona laloʻaoʻao). Penei haawi aku i kekahi i lalo shape a me ka hoolako kona kōmi 'oi.

Ka i lawelawe, ua i ka pu a me ka lāʻau. Ke kōmi 'ua luna ma luna o ka glue, e hiki ke koho ia me ke kōkua o nā tendons a lahilahi kaula. Oia kahi mea paahana hiki ke hoʻohana 'e oki i ke kaula, a wehe i ka ili hihiu.

Ka Haku, a me kona mau pahi

Jeff Hall (Dzheff Holl) - kekahi o na luna loa kaulana, ka mea like me ka mea no ka hana o ka pahi hoʻohana lua pele aniani. He ola a me ka hana i loko o ka United States (Hawaii). Eia pehea e wehewehe i ke kupua.

• Ke kōmi 'i he akahai translucent poʻo. Ka i lawelawe, ua i ka pepeiaohao 'Amelika bipi hihiu deragona-hoʻokino maiuu o na. Lōʻihi - 20 knm.
• Huhui Koho obsidian me smoky, eleele a me ka ulaula aa koko. Ma ka kekahi huina i ka maka loaʻa iā ia kekahi he gula sheen. Ka i lawelawe, ua i like i ka hāpana mua. Lōʻihi - 17,8 knm.
• Maka i kaʻeleʻele lua pele aniani (o koʻu mau ma Northern California). Pela hoʻokō 'a me ka anaiia i lawelawe, i ka cactus Jeolla. Lōʻihi - 16,5sm.

Loa nae a pau me nā huahana Hall me ka palapala o ka authenticity.

Aia o kekahiʻano mahalo Obsidian pahi, i kapaia "Heart o Pele." He He hāpana o ka kuʻunaʻano hana o na mea o ka lāhui 'ōiwi Indians o South America.

ʻeluaʻaoʻao triangular ke kōmi 'ana me ka lae hopena ua pili i ka leo hone uma i lawelawe, i ka lāʻau. Kōmi 'i ka aniani moakaka obsidian ulaulaʻeleʻele laina impregnations. Lōʻihi - 22,5 knm, laula - 3 knm; kaumaha - 80 nā huna. A olonā i laʻana o ka manuale hana hiki ke hoʻohana i keʻano hana e hoopii mai ai, a like me ka hoanmike hehee ai.

Pākē pahi o ka lua pele aniani ma ka nui o ka nui kaumaha like souvenirs. Ka mea, i ole i hoohehee maemae au ia i kope hana ana-i o ka haku, akā, aka hoi, hiki ia i ka makana nui no ke kanaka.

pono

Huhui Obsidian i maikaʻi ana waiwai ma mua o kila. Ua 'Aʻole e koi i kekahi kūikawā. Ua aʻole crack,ʻaʻole susceptible i ka hoʻololi iho ma ka hana. Ua 'Aʻole i tarnish a lilo aku kona kino waihoʻoluʻu a me ka hoʻopau.

Eia mea hiki manao hana o oukou, e like me ka pahi hiki ke malama i ka makana maikaʻi, mea hoʻonani hehee ai, hoʻohana me heʻano mea.

hewa

All huahana o ka lua pele aniani ka loa fragile. Kekahi hopena aʻaoʻao puʻe hiki i poino i ka maka. Ke kōmi 'hiki ole lakou e koiia mai e hypothermia a me ka wela. Akā, me ka akahele pēpēʻana o ka pahi ke hookauwa no na makahiki me ka losing i ka hiki i ka pono e oki.