Ka retina, kona anatomical a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo hiʻona.

Ka retina 'ole ka retina (retina), ho i ka pahale moe ma hope o ka choroid o ka maka. Kona lōʻihi kū hoʻokahi ke moe ia ma ka mea i loaʻa i ekoluʻike ākea neuron, mai i pau ka pilikia makapō ike ike ia e ka maka hele ai i ka lolo, a hookipa mai i ka lapaau hope loa a me ka loli i loko o ka Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou pilikia makapō kiʻi. Aie i ka retina o ka holoʻokoʻa hui, o ka ike hiki ke equated i ka luna 'a me ka lahui differentiated intracerebral hale.

Ka retina He He loa eiiieaena a me ka hana 'ole. Ua loaʻa heʻoi loa-lahilahi 'ole, akā, histologically ia nō hoomaopopo umi okoa papa i loko o kā lākou' ole. I ka mua o ia mau mea, i ua moe me ka awelika iwi maka a hooku iho la pigment epithelium. Ua loaʻa he nui helu o melanocytes i paka melanin. Ma hope o ka pigment, ahu iho o svetovosprinimayuschaya hapa o ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo. 'O kēia ka mua neuron. He ua poe ma kekahi photoreceptors. Kēlā me kēia no ia mai he maopopo kuleana pili i. Ke'ī mai, i ka laau, he kuleana no ka ho okumu ana i ka wanaʻao, a me ka pa alima o kaʻohana - no ka waihoʻoluʻu pokole a me ka mōakaaka. I ka mea ana i nā lua o ka malamalama naoh. Ke lua a me ke kolu papa o neurons hoonohonoho i bipolar a me ka ganglion keena, niioaaonoaaiii. Mai ka anatomical hiʻona o retinal membranes e e hoʻomaopopo i ka wānana o kona optic nā aʻalolo a me ka macula. Ma o ka wahi o ka optic nā aʻalolo iwi kuamoʻo o ka ai-kapaia "makapo ke kina ole". He loa indeferentno i ka malamalama stimulation, e like me ka mea, aohe photoreceptor keena. A loa akaka kiʻi o ka maka kanaka e hoʻolako i nā kikowaena fossa (macular māhele), ma i ka pa apŘ o cone pono palapala no. Macula anatomists kapaia "lua", no ka mea, i loko o kēia wahi otsutsvuyut eha papa o ka retina.

Ka retina ka maʻamau, ola maka E pono snugly i ka nń ku choroid, kona outermost ahu iho la, haawi ia i like me ka glassy papa a Bruch kaʻili lahilahi. Ma na wahi keia kulana ua hehi, i ka maka ma neia hope aku, kekahi spontaneously paha ma lalo o ka aoao o kekahi mawaho a me na aʻe, ka mea, ke hiki mai abruption. 'O kēia ka pahu kapu weliweli moku'āina o ka pilikia, a me ka hui, o ka hihio, i hiki paʻa hoonele i kekahi kanaka o ka hiki i ka ike. Softer, akā,ʻaʻohe emi mea pepehi ana ua manaoia e e retinal waimaka a kona mau maka. Ua lŘlŘ ma ka wahi o ka nui loa thinning. Kekahi nā mea maʻi e ole hai i ka waimaka, no ka mea, ka mea, ua uuku na, a hiki ke noho mamao aku, mai ka wahi, i mea kuleana no ka maopopo a me kaʻoi nā kiʻi o nā mea ma luna o ka retina. Ka loa, he pono ole fractures i hoʻomaka ai ka wā i hoomanawanui i ophthalmology mōʻaukala he mea kekahi degeneration o ka retina. No ka laʻana, ma kiʻekiʻe degere o ka myopia, a me ka mea ua kapaia ma na kanaka, myopia, setchaka hoomanawanui aie a hiki i ka nui nui o ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo ka ua ikaika'ōʻia, i brittle a me ka loa wiwi. Ma ia he meaʻehaʻeha koko lako hou i ka retina, a me kou kino. No laila, i kekahi ole, mai waho (makani i ke poo, excessive hoounauna, a maoli he ka manaʻo koikoi, ka ikaika luliluli) ke alakai i ruptures a me kekahi manawa poe o ka retina. Lapaʻau e halihaliia oia iwaho koke, e like me ka mea, he hiki ole i ka functionality o ka retina, e hoihoi. Ma ka hihia o ka poe hoomanawanui pono moe koena a me ka maluhia. A uuku poe o ka maluhiluhi ole hiki ke kū kaʻawale e hele i kā lākou kikokikona henua. Ma hihia ma kahi o ka manaolana no ka pakiko-e hoola,ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau lapaʻau ua koi - hoailona iho la i scleral a vitreousʻoki kino. Ka retina, i a me ka mokuāhana i hana hiki e hoihoi hou ia kukuna coagulation nahā i hapa.