Kanaka nā loko: ka huakai kaapuni. Anatomia: 'ole o ke kanaka

Ma keia 'atikala mākou e kamailio pokole e pili ana i ka walaʻauʻana manaÿo o ka'anatomia. Ma kekahi, maopopo mākou e ke kūlana pâʻani 'o ia e likeʻole kanaka nā loko, a hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha e e hoakaka kaawale.

Kēia 'ike E e pono ai i nā haumāna, e like me ka pono me ka poe pono, e hoole i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ke kanaka' ole.

Ka manaʻo o ka "mana" - "i hoʻomākaukauʻia" - "kahua"

Hou i loko o kēia 'atikala mākou, e kālailai hiʻona o ke kanaka kino' ole, ma ka hope aku nei, e hooholo i ka mea manaʻo i hoʻomākaukauʻia. I rula, no ka mea, o ka hohonu ka naauao o ka pane-i 'ike, e e lawa e makaikai i ka hua'ōlelo ekolu.

No laila, i ke kino - he ohi no keʻano o ke keena a me nā'aʻaʻa i loko o ke kino, i hana pono-i ho'ākāka 'oihana. Mai kahiko Greek hua'ōlelo unuhi like "paahana".

Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka laau lapaau a me kālaimeaola, i ke kino - he ohi o ke keena a me nā'aʻaʻa wale nō inā lākou embryological pilina a me ka hale lioʻoihana i loko o ke kino.

Next, e kālailai mākou i ke kanaka kino, i ke ano e e alakai i loko o lākou i hoʻokomo i loko o ke kino.

I kekahi manaʻo, i mea e kamailio, e e "ka nenoaiu a mau kino." Kēia kekahi pūʻulu o ko mākou nā loko o ke kino e loaʻa anatomical a me ka embryological pilina, e like me functionally noniakahi.

He nui a hiki i ka hoʻomaopopo i ka literal ho'ākāka 'ana. No ka mea, ka mea e hiki mai ana ka manawa o ka mea i truncated hoʻokolohua o ka mua.

Penei, o ka mea - ia mea he hookahi pūʻulu o nā kino, a i hui i hookahi executable kuleana pili i. Akä naÿe i mua manaÿo, ka mea, o ka mea wale nō mea e Ho'ākāka 'kā lākou pili. Anatomical a embryonic pilina i ka mea.

Locomotor i hoʻomākaukauʻia

Hoʻomaka e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ka anatomical 'ole o ke kino loa kūpono i ka musculoskeletal nenoaiu. Ma keia hihia, uaʻalo mākou i ke kolu o ka makahiki, i i kūkākūkā ma luna.

Eia mākou e ana i ka hopena o ia mau sciences me osteology, syndesmology a me ka Myology.

I mea, keia pa alima nō ka holoʻokoʻa kau o ka iwi, tendons, ami, a me ka somatic musculature. Lakou mau kuleana ole wale no ke kino huliāmahi a me kona helehelena, akā, i lehalehu t, ka 'aoʻao, ka hele a me ka locomotion.

E like me oe i ike, me ke kino (kākau i nā luna noaia) e hoʻohana i kēia nakeke me he kākoʻo.

Circulatory kahua

Next, e ka hoʻoponopono 'mākou i ke kipi' ole o ke kino, a he nawaliwali kekahi mawaho. He nui ka hōʻike i, e like me ka musculoskeletal'ōnaehana, ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko nenoaiu o kekahi o ka mea nui kanaka ola kākoʻo no.

Ua hoʻolako i ka holo ana o ke koko ma na arteries a me aa koko, e like me lākou e hoʻopakele i oxygen, a māhuaola i na keena. Eia hou kekahi, koko mea auoiaea ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i carbon dioxide i, a me ka neoneo huahana mai na keena o ko mākou kino.

Inā 'oe e nana pono, aa koko a me capillaries hoohihia a pau kanaka nā loko. Ke ano o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'ōnaehana mea e like me ka punawelewele, pūnaewele o ka nui a me ka uuku capillaries.

Ke kumu nui kino o keia'ōnaehana o ka naau, i mea e like me ka mau noi mīkini, me ka noho na EII ni koko ma na ipu. I ka manawa o keia kino hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke ola kino a me kumu waiwai o ke kino.

No kou kino, i hoʻolilo 'ia, aaiaoe? A me ka mau aʻo nui alakai ai i ka mea i ka moku pa lilo thinner, a me ka na lua o ka make slags. E like me ka no o keia hana, he mau mea maʻi like hypertension, mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko pilikia. I ka wā e hiki mai, ia mea ona.

Ka lymphatic'ōnaehana

Loa hana hoihoi 'epekema -'anatomia. Ka 'ole o ke kanaka wehe i kona mau maka i ka nui physiological, a me ka ia, a me ka manaʻoʻike keʻano o ka hanaʻana. No ka laʻana, ka mea lymphatic nenoaiu. He mea i like loa me ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko. Akā, e like me ka hope, i ka lymphatic nenoaiu mea i paʻa, a he mea ole ia i ka hanana kino e like me ka naau.

Ua Ua hakuʻia ke koko moku, capillaries, nui ilpko o, ducts a me nā aka wahi. Lymph mea he hōʻemi iki maoli puʻe kolo ana lohi ma ka puha paipu. I keia wai, ka auoiaea o ka wao akua i hiki ole ke hoolilo circulatory kahua.

I mea, o ka lymph - he nōkahea'ōnaehana no ka withdrawal o ka loli o ke kino nā'aʻaʻa. Ke outflow ia lŘlŘ i loko o na aa koko. Penei, hope pani ka holoʻokoʻa kaapuni o ke koko wai koko i loko o ke kino.

ko mākou hopohopo kahua

A pau i këia 'anatomia (kanaka' ole, functioning o likeʻole keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke kino), ua na na ma ka'emi ko kahua.

Ua ninoieo o ka Central a me kaʻike ākea mau papa. Ka mua nō i ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula, a me ka lua o ka - na nā aʻalolo, aa, plexus a me ka ganglia a me nā aʻalolo a hāʻule pahū wale.

kūlana nui i ka hoʻokani 'aneʻi ma ka musculoskeletal nenoaiu. I ka lolo o Nyos i loko o ka lua o ka cranium, a me ka spinal Canal e iho mai ana ia i ka loko o ke spine.

Mawaena o ka mana o ke ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ua maheleia i loko o ka autonomic a me ka somatic. Ka mea mua i kuleana no ka EYI o impulses ma waena o Central na oihana, a me ka na nā loko. Oiai ka lua o ka hoʻohuiʻia o ka lolo ma nā aʻalolo olona, a hiki i kaʻili, a me ka musculoskeletal nenoaia.

Next mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka endocrine nenoaiu. I mai la lakou, a me ke ko mākou hopohopo i Aloha Bikini palapala a me ka hooponopono ana o na hana o kēlā a me nā'ōnaehana o ke kino. Eia hou, i ka mea nui wahi o ke kino o ka hiki e pane i mawaho a me na loli i ka ike ma ka autonomic a me ka somatic nenoai.

sensory kahua

Mua mākou i olelo ia e pili ana i ka hiki ana o ke kanaka kino, e pane i mawaho stimuli a me nā loli. O ka hana ka papa kuhikuhiE Ua pâʻani 'o ia ma ka mīkiniʻimi'ōnaehana i loko o kā lākou fixation.

Ua nā nā loko e like me nā maka, pepeiao,ʻili, olelo, ihu. Mahalo i kaʻoihana no i ka mea e kuleana o ke kino, ua hiki hou nui iho la ia, a aʻo e pili ana i ke ao nei ka malamalama.

I mea, ia mea i ka hopena o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN oʻike ākea, a Central nā hale o ko mākou ko mākou hopohopo kahua. No ka laʻana, mawaho stimulus e loli ai i ka maka, nā aʻalolo i loko o ke kino perceives ka loli, a hoouna mai i ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale i ka lolo. Aia, ke ike ua hoʻokō 'a ua hoohalike ia me na lepa i loaa mai, mai nā kumu.

E like me ka hopena o keia hana, ua loaa i ka manaʻo o ka mea e hanaia a puni. Penei, he mawaho hana ua lawe mai ma luna o receptors aia ma luna o ke kino 'ilikai a me ka na - ikepili koʻikoʻi nä olonä, a komo iloko o nā'aʻaʻa. Kanaka'anatomia haʻawina i wale i ka 'ole akā, i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o na nā loko likeʻole a me ka' oihana.

Ke sensory pokole i nānā 'ia e aiaiiuo e like me kani, hoao, wela, puʻe, malamalama glare a me ka pilikia makapō kiʻi. Help, e koho i ka'emi'ōnaehana ua luhi "analyzers". He holoʻokoʻa luna 'me ka ho okumu ia ma kaʻili, a loko o ke kino a hana like me ka mīkiniʻimi.

He mahalo i ka noiʻi i loko o kēia wahi,ʻikeʻia i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke ola sciences, i mea hiki ke koho, a koho i ka 'aʻe' i loko o mākou kino. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, me ka hoʻohālike o ko mākou ka waiʻona ma ke mākou makemake wale kaawale ē aʻei kūpono me ka hoʻomaopopo like worldview.

endocrine'ōnaehana

Together me ka ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, ka mea hana e like me ka na rula a me ka? Aneie ano o ke kaiapuni. Eia hou, i ka endocrine nenoaiu mea kuleana no ka homeostasis, mea naʻau reactions, noʻonoʻo haʻawina, e like me ka pono me ka ulu, e ulu ai, a me ka moe maturation o ka meaola.

Inā 'oe e nānā i ka' ole o ke kino o ke kanaka, e hiki ke ike wale hapa o ka'ōnaehana. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kino i na kēia glands: thyroid, pancreas, adrenals, hoʻi (ovaries), pituitary gland, pineal gland a me ka thymus.

E like me ka ko mākou hopohopo, endocrine māheleʻia i loko o nā 'oihana. Ka mua ua kapa glandular ninoieo o ka hua glands paka hormones o kēia mau kino. Lua - eiei? - puehu liilii ma ke kino. Ua nana e like kekahi endocrine aeee i paka hormones aglandulyarnye.

reproductive kahua

I ko kakou lalo nei makemake i ia e kūkākūkā kaawale kane a me ka wahine reproductive nenoai. I rula, ka reproductive nenoaiu mea kuleana no hoʻokahi wale nō kuleana pili i - kanaka nā'ōlelo. Ma moe ke keakea ole hiki hapai ana o ka embryo, i ua kino a lilo iho i loko o ke keiki.

Male reproductive'ōnaehana ua aia i loko o ka pelvic wahi a pau aia mawaho o ke kino. Ua nā ka penis a me ka hoʻi. Kēia gland a me ka Muscle'aʻaʻa. Kanaka'anatomia Ua holo nōhie ka wale likeʻole i loko o nā nenoai kuleana no ka insemination, gestation a me ka hanau ana o ke keiki kakou nana. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o na kane'ōnaehana - ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o sperm a me androgens.

Female reproductive'ōnaehana mea okoa mai na kanaka o ka. Ua loaʻa nā mawaho, a na nā loko. Ka mua pūʻulu ka loaʻa o nui a me ka uuku labia, umauma ia ia, e like me ka mea e komo ai i ka vagina a me ka clitoris. Na hope nā - ovaries, fallopian paipu, uterus a me ka vagina.

Akā, ua maheleia ka wahine reproductive nenoaiu. Inā ke kane mea wale nō i loko o ka pelvis, i nā wāhine i ka umauma, a me kona oihana. pāʻani Mammary glands he kūlana loa nui i loko o ke keiki e ai ana.

Ka urinary'ōnaehana

I ka hoomaka ana o keia 'atikala i ka nui noaia o ka' ole o ke kanaka nā loko. Inā e nānā pono, oe, e hai i ka hapanui o ka na nā loko aia i loko o ka abdominal lua. Ano, e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i ka urinary'ōnaehana, a ua loa aia i loko o ka pelvic māhele 'āina.

No laila, e like me ka reproductive 'ōnaehana, urinary okoa i ka na kanaka a me na wahine. ʻAʻole mākou e 'oe i ka' ole o ka hapanui o nā loko, hoopa wale ka poe mea i komo wale nō i loko o ka? aieao o ka functioning o keia kahua.

Ke kumu o ka naʻauao, ua koi 'ia no ka ho'āhu a outputting i ka malihini a me kaʻawahia i huiʻia, nā huahana a me ka liki ole naikokene pūnao o kela waiwai i loko o ka mimi. Kēia'ōnaehana ka loaʻa o ka mau o ka hakuʻala, ureters, urethra a me ka bladder.

Ma waho o ka luna oihana, ka mea, he hoʻomaopop 'ana i kekahi i loko o ka pūnao o nā polokina, a carbohydrates, ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā biologically hana i huiʻia, e like me ka pono i hoʻoponopono o ka wai-paakai kaulike, a, nolaila, o ka hoomau o ka homeostasis.

alimentary kahua

Inā e nānā pono i ka 'ole o ka mea na nā loko, i ka'ōnaehana ma waho, oe, e hai ia i kekahi manawa, ka mea, he hoʻokahi Tube. Ma ka papa o ka evolution i hoʻokumu i ka oihana kuleana no ka digestion ke kahua likeʻole.

No laila, i kēia'ōnaehana nō ka gastrointestinal'āpana me ka kela hui ma lalo kino. Ua ninoieo o ka moʻolelo lua, esophagus, opu, ka poe liilii, a me ka naʻau liʻiliʻi AeXIeAaOIePEAaI. Kākoʻo oihana hana 'ia e ke ake, a me ka pancreas salivary gland, ka laau awaawa, a me ka bladder' ē aʻe nā loko.

I ka hana o ka digestive'ōnaehana, e like me ka inoa hoʻohuʻu, mea e extract ka mahuaola a me ka haawi ana o ka ai i loko o ke kino o ka keena. Ke kaʻina ninoieo o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao: machining o ka ai, Nine Inch lapaʻau, omo, cleavage a me ka wehe 'ia o ka wao nahele.

naehana kahua

Ma ka naehana'ōnaehana, me ka 'ole o ka mea na nā loko mea i kekahi mau mea i like loa me ka mea mua kekahi, digestive. Aia ka he hanu şarkı, a, e like me ka esophagus, ke mucosa loko uhi me glands a me nā ipu koko. Manawa a hiki i kēia hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha, i ka lewa e komo mai waho, loaʻa iā ia kekahi o kaʻoi loa ana wela no ka meaola.

I ka hooilo, ka anu ea ua lalana ana ia ia, a me ke kauwela - ho'ēmi e ho'ākāka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o kēia kahua. Eia kekahi, ua ua holoiʻia i ke ea ma keʻano o ka impurities mea i inhalation mea i loko o ka lewa.

Ke naehana'ōnaehana he a mau pauku - luna, a malalo. Ka mua nā ka nasopharynx a me ka nasal lua, ka lua - ka larynx, trachea a me ka bronchi.

ka penaʻana'ōnaehana

Ka 'ole o ke kanaka kino ma ke ano maoli, ua manao iho la oia e au mamuli. Penei, integumentary nenoaiu mea kuleana no ke kino hoʻomalu mai o ka wela like, pōʻino, ka maloʻoʻana, anal o toxins a me pathogens.

Ka'ōnaehana ninoieo o ka ili (epithelium a me dermis) a me nā mea loaʻa: lauoho, kui, hou, sebaceous glands.

'ōnaehana paleʻea kahua

Inā ka mua'ōnaehana i malama i ke kino, mai mawaho 'ākeʻakeʻa, i kēia malama, mai ka aggression o'ē aʻe? Ueo. Nature i hana i ka pono kino ole. Kūloko nā loko, ae hana i na hana e pono ai ke ola, hoomaluia ma kekahi mau mea e malu ai laina.

Ma ka waho, ua kamailio mua, a me ke Keena Kalaiaina - ka mea, o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hana mea e hoʻopale ai i ke kino e ku e pathogens a me ka hikoko. Kēia'ōnaehana nā ka thymus, lymphoid'aʻaʻa, lymph aka wahi a me spleen.

Pela, i loko o kēia 'atikala mākou u pokole hoopa ma luna o ka' ole o ke kino, e like me ka pono me ka lewa lalo mau wahi i loko o kekahi kanaka kino nenoai.