Ke 'ano o ke kelepona hui o microorganisms

E like me ka ke kālā no ke kelepona hele kumumanaʻo, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima o ka mea e noho ka Honua ola, o ka halepaahao. He He luna 'ka hoʻoponopono-e hoʻolālā hamama a me ka momona biosystem. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka halepaahao o? Anoee cytology a me ka microbiology. Ka hope E hoomanao i na i Kekahi Mau 'o ka nui haʻawina o koʻohune i prokaryotic meaola. He 'atikala e nānā i nāʻano o ke kelepona hui: hookahi a me ka multicellular meaola, koloniala ano, e like me nā hiʻona o ka' ole o prokaryotic a me ka eukaryotic keena.

Pae o ka hui o ka poʻe e ola ana mea

I kālaimeaola maopopo 6 pae o ke ola hui: hakakino, ke kelepona hele, organismal, heluna kanaka-? Ueony, biogeocenotic a me Biosphere. E noonoo oe i ka ke kelepona hele kiʻekiʻe o ka hui, a ana ma na keena metabolic reactions (pūnao a me ka ikehu), a ua lako pono i ka'ōlelo. Ke kumu o kēia kaʻina hana o ka hoolilo ana o aaiaoe kāna moʻolelo (nā'ōewe) mai ka makua i ke kaikamahine keena.

Ke'ī mai, ka mea hookahi-aa? Meaola mea, ma ka mea, loa pono a me ka kuokoa ana o kanaka,'ālike ma ka shape kuleana pili i ka nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa. More eiiieaena ano o ke kelepona hui - he koloniala a me multicellular meaola. Ma 'ana, noonoo i ka hana volvox koloniala' ano apau loa. Ua ninoieo o kekahi halepaahaoʻAno: vegetative a me ka generative, eia nae nā outgrowths cytoplasm i kekahi i kekahi, akā, hana pili kēia autonomously. Panalāʻau o uliuli līoho Volvox - he vivid mamuli o ka evolution o ke ola mea mai unicellular i ka multicellular meaola i i ka loa luna '' ole. Mau keena e hui ma ka'aʻaʻa a me ke ano nā loko ke hoʻohana likeʻole i hana '.

Ke kelepona hele nui o ka hui ana o ia mau meaola iho i loko o nā hale hana kūikawā - nenoai (naehana hanu, digestive, excretory, etc.) Ke'ī mai, ka multicellular meaola ua functioning me he indivisible a pau, a me nā aeee i kona mall pa alima.

Hiʻona o prokaryotic meaola

Keena nele i haku kāna mau 'ōlelo, a me hereditary mea - DNA - e ke aupuni' ana ma ka cytoplasm hou anuanu, ahu iho kapa prokaryotic.

Ke 'ano o ke kelepona hui, a i ka nānā' ana ma luna o ka hoailona o ke alo a kaawale o ka nucleus - ia prokaryotes a me eukaryotes. E like me ka olelo mua, ole-nukelea aeee: koʻohune a me cyanobacteria, i ka kekahi 'ole, pili me ke' o ka pūnao. Eia ka mea i: i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka halepaahao organelles e like me mitochondria, Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, lysosomes, vacuoles, ke kelepona hele oaio, ka endoplasmic reticulum. Aia ribosome synthesizing kekahi mea koʻohune kumuʻiʻo, pohihihi kinoea vacuoles (idioadaptation i ke ola i loko o ka wai kino a pulu ka lepo). Kekahi ano iloko organelles o ka noi - flagella.

Ka ulu ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka 'ole a me ka hana ana o eukaryotic

Cytology, hoomau ana i ka noiʻi i nāʻano o ke kelepona hui, ike i ka nucleated aeee i loa luna 'organelles'ōnaehana mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou pūnao a me ka ikehu. Mahalo i ka wahi hana o organelles, kā lākou maloko a puni, ua wehewehe aku e mau haku mele 'ana a me ka waiwai - ka ai-kapaia ke kelepona hele homeostasis.

Eukaryotes, i nā fungal keena, mea kanu, na holoholona a me nā kānaka, iloko o ka nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi i hoʻomākaukauʻia, mitochondria, ribosomes, ke kelepona hele oaio, lysosomes, vacuoles a me plastids. Ma eukaryotes, o ka oi aku luna 'he mea kekahi kaʻina hana o ka halepaahao mahele. Ua Ua pu ma ke kahua o ka holoʻokoʻa 'oihana, i kapaʻia he kālī mahele.

Oko ao ka pūnao prokaryote a me ka eukaryote

Ke kapakai a na ano o prokaryotic a me ka eukaryotic ke kelepona hui, ua loaʻa i ka mea, i nā mea like a me nä mea pono nui. No ka laʻana, i ke kaʻina hana o ka'okesaside o ke aloha i huiʻia ma o oxygen kemu keena o ka koʻohune a me nukelea meaola hiki aku ai i ka like hualoaʻa: ka splitting o ka monakō koko i ke kalapona'okikene lua a me ka wai me ka kala o ka ikaika i loko o ka palapala o nā haʻawina o synthesized ATP nā lātoma.

Kēia waiwai He He versatile kumu o ka ikaika no ka ole-nukelea meaola a me eukaryotes. Oko ao ke kelepona hele ka hanu nā loaʻa, e noonoo pono i ka 'ole, i hāpai mai i kēia kaʻina. Ma nukelea meaola ia ia lŘlŘ ma mitochondrial cristae ma ka enzymatic'ōnaehana - ka Krebs kalapona, a me ka mea, ua lawe mai i loko o ka koʻohune ma na loko o ka cytoplasmicʻili lahilahi, i ka i i ke aupuni 'nā'ūhū.

Ke 'ano o ke kelepona hui o microorganisms

Microbiology haʻawina koʻohune a me cyanobacteria, i mea prokaryotic meaola. Koʻohune i kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia kā lākou mau helehelena, a ua like inoa: cocci (i loko o ka palapala o ka poe liilii, hookahi kala), vibrio (me ke ano o commas), staphylococci (ua like no me he pua kiele o ka hua waina). Na cyanobacteria like Nostoc, Anaba ho i anuclear keena me ka halepaahao pā mucosa, ka mea, oko mai koʻohune i pihaʻi me photosynthetic pigments i loko o chromatophores.

A pau ma luna o examples ka hōʻike i ka ke kelepona hele hoʻolālā i loko o kekahi meaola e lauwili, a ma muli o ia ke 'o ko lākou' ole a me ka functioning.