Ke au o ka hale aliʻi coups: i ka papaʻaina. Hopena o ke au o ka pā kaua coups

Nui a me ka hana hoihoi ke kahua ma ka mōʻaukala o Rusia, aia i kekahi manawa, mai 1725 a hiki i 1762. Iloko o keia manawa ka mea, ua pio ka polokalamu eono mō'ī, kela mea keia mea o ka a, he mau mea pili kalai aupuni koa. VO Klyuchevskii aptly inoa ia - i ke au o ka pā kaua coups. Ka papaʻaina i loko o kēia 'atikala e kōkua i ka pono maopopo i ka papa o ka hanana. Ka loli o ka mana, e like me ka rula, a kaahele lakou ma hana malu, betrayal a me ka pepehi kanaka.

Ua a pau, hoomaka ae la me ka unexpected ka make ana o Petero I. He haʻalele ma hope o ka "ʻo Samuel M. o ka succession" (1722) e i i ka mana ke koi i ka nui loa o kanaka.

I ka pau ana o keia pilikia ana nou, noonoo iho la e hele mai ana i ka mana o Ana II. Kona noho alii ana, he nui moʻolelo noonoo i ke au o ka naʻauao absolutism.

Kāʻei kua hale coups

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o nā mea a pau i ka mua hanana heʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka maikai pūʻulu pili ana i succession. Ka mea, Ua hui pu wale ana ma ka mea no kakou e ahaaina i? Aiaiiuie poe oopa i loko o nā nā mea hoʻololi. Oia ka wanaao ae kela mea keia mea o lakou i ike i loko o kona mau aoao. Eia hou, nā pūʻulu like eager alii ahaolelo, eager no ka mana. No laila, i ke au o ka pā kaua Hope, i ka papaʻaina i ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei, i kaupalena 'ia hoʻololi i wale i ka luna.

Mākou i olelo mua i ka hooholo ana o Peter I i pili i ka succession. He wawahi i ka hana kuʻunaʻano papa hana ma i mana ua hoololiia mai ka Mō'ī a hiki i ke kula kiʻekiʻe 'elele o ke kane laina.

Peter au i makemake ole e ike ia lakou iho ma luna o ka noho aliʻi ma hope o kāna keiki ma muli o ia i ka mea ia ia ua he hoa paio o ke mihi. A no keia mea hoʻoholo i ka mō'ī wale ke kahea aku i ka mea noi. Eia naʻe, make ihola ia, e waiho ana i ka pepa i ka hopuna'ōlelo "E haawi mai na mea a pau ...".

Ua kū'ē nā nā paʻi hua mai kālai'āina, i nā kaukaualiʻi hiki ole kaʻana like i ka noho aliʻi - State kahili ae i ka paio no ka mana. Pela i hoomaka ai i ke au o ka pā kaua Hope. Nńnń, papa ae maikaʻi Track koko ano laulea a pau pretenders i ka noho aliʻi.

Coup 1725 (Ana A.)

I keia manawa ia i hana mau kue pūʻulu. Ka mua oia o A. Osterman a me Menshikov. Ka mea, imi iho la e hoolilo i ka mana i ka wahine kāne make o Peter I ke Ana Alekseevna.

Ka lua o ka hui, a komo i ka Duke o Holstein, makemake e kūkulu ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o Peter II o (keiki a Alexis a me ka moopuna o Peter I).

Maopopo predominance i Menshikov, ka mea i hiki ke hoʻokō poe kiai kākoʻo a me ka noho ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o Ana I. naʻe, ka mea, i ole i ka hiki ana o ka lawelawe ana i ka moku'āina, no laila, i ka Luna Nui ka Aha Kukamalu i hanaia i ka 1726. He lilo no ka lani kiekie loa aupuni kino.

Ke aliʻi maoli hoʻi ua Menshikov. He hoopioia i ka 'Aha, a nanea i ka kona palena hilinai o ka Empress. He ua no hoi kekahi o na alakai huahelu, i ka wa a na luna o ke au o ka pā kaua Hope hoʻololi (Table wehewehe a pau).

ʻO ka piʻiʻana o Peter II i ka 1727

Ana I noho alii mau ae la ia e like ma luna o nā makahiki. Ma hope o kona make ana, i ka ninau o ke succession hookahi hou kaulia'na maluna ae o ka moku'āina.

I keia manawa, "Holstein pae" alai ae e Anna Petrovna. Ua ulu mau i kipi akula lākou iā Menshikov a me A. Ostermann, i pau ai unsuccessfully. Emperor Ua ike like'ōpio o Petero. Kona mentor a me ka kumu lilo A. Osterman. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia nele i ka hoʻolako i ka makemake keiki ma luna o ka Mō'ī, naʻe ia mea nō lawa, e hoomakaukau, a lawe mai i ka hoʻokahuliʻia o Alexander Menshikov i ka 1727.

Ka noho alii ana Anny Ioannovny 1730

Peter II noho ma luna o ka noho aliʻi no ka makahiki ekolu, a make iho la. Hou, i ka papa kuhikuhiE nīnau i: "Owai la ka mea e lawe i ka noho aliʻi?". A hoomau au mai o ka hale alii Hope. I ka papaʻaina ma lalo hōʻike mea e hanaia.

Ma ka hanana Arena ikea Dolgoruky, ka mea e ho'āʻo ai i kona aliʻiʻana ma Ekateriny Dolgorukoy. Ua ua i ka wahine mare o Peter II.

Ke ho'āʻo nele, a me kona contender koho Golitsyn. Ka mea, ua Anna Ivanovna. He kau ka mea, ua ma hope o ka hōʻailona o ka hoʻoikaika kino i ka mea wale nō Aha ka Aha Kukamalu, a i ole nalowale i kona keiki.

Ano kaupalena i ka mana o ka mō'ī. Soon Empress, mai hemo mai ka mea, ua kakau inoa i ka palapala, a huli i ka autocracy. I ka ninau o ke succession ua hoʻoholo i mua. ʻAʻole i hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou mau keiki,ʻo ia hai i ka wā e hiki mai hooilina i ke keiki o kāna kaikamahine. He e ike ana i ka Peter III.

Eia naʻe, ma 1740 ma ka Elizabeth a me kekahi 'elele o ka genus Welf hanau ke keiki a John i lilo Mō'ī koke ma hope o ka make Anny Ioannovny i loko o na malama elua. Kona kahu aupuni Biron ike.

1740 coup a Munnich

Kahu aupuni i ka noho aliʻi he mau pule. Ke coup Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma Field Ilamuku Munnich. He Ua kākoʻo 'ia e kiai, ka poe i hopu ia Biron a waeia he kahu aupuni Mother a me ka pēpē.

Ka wahine ua i hiki ke holo i ka moku'āina, a me nā mea a pau i loko o ko lākou mau lima i Munnich. Kona hope auou caiaiai A. Osterman. Hoouna ae la oia i ke kahua ilāmuku ma ka hoʻomaha. Manawa i ka halealii Hope (Table i hoikeia ma lalo nei) hiehie mau luna.

ʻO ka piʻiʻana o Elizabeth a hiki i ka 1741

November 25, 1741 i wahi i kekahi coup. He hele koke, a me ka hookahe koko ana, o ka mana i loko o nā lima o Elisabeta, ke kaikamahine o Petero I. Ua hoalaia mai i ka poʻe kiaʻi pōkole lehelehe hohonu, a me ka hai aku ia ia iho i ka Empress. He kōkua iā ia i loko o kēia Kauna Vorontsov.

Ua hoopaaia nā 'ōpio mamuli o-Emperor, a me kona makuwahine i loko o ka pā kaua. Munnich, Ostermann, Levenvolde i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make, akā, ka mea i auou caiaiai me ka loulou i Siberia.

Lula Elizaveta Petrovna no ka oi mamua o 20 makahiki.

I ka hiki ana i ka mana o Peter III

Elizaveta Petrovna pomaikai ae la lakou i kona makuakane i ike ai i ka hoahanau. No laila, ua lawe mai Holstein keiki hanauna. He Ua haawiia mai i ka inoa o Peter III,ʻo ia huli i Orthodoxy. Ke Empress ua i hauʻoli i ka ano o ka wā e hiki mai hooilina. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e ka hemahema i ke kulana, ka mea, ua waiho ia aku ia ia i ke kumu, akā, ka mea i ole ke kōkua.

No ka procreation Elizaveta Petrovna mare aku la ia ia i ka German Princess Sophia, a e ia Ana o ka Nui. Ka mea, he mau keiki - he keikikane Paul a me ka kaikamahine Anna.

Ma mua o kona makeʻana, Elizabeth e e i ka manao e hoonoho i ka hakahaka o Paulo. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia iʻaʻa e hana ai. Ma hope o kona make ana, i hooholoia i ka noho aliʻi i kāna keiki hanauna. Kona maalea ua loa unpopular nā iwaena o na kanaka, a iwaena o ka hanohano. Ma keia hihia, ma hope o ka make ana o Elizabeth ka mea, ua i wikiwiki i ke aupuni Pelekane. Kēia i ke kumu no ka coup ma ka aoao o kana wahine, Ana, ma a kau i ka make māinoino o ka lōʻihi-oki mare (ka mea, ua pinepine i oleloia i ka Auguseto). Ua kauoha aku i pau ai i ke au o ka hale aliʻi kipi (papaaina hoʻolako i nā 'ike e pili ana i na keiki i ka inoa kapakapa Empress).

June 28, 1762. Ana II Board

Lilo i ka wahine o Peter Fedorovich, Ana hoomaka ae la e noiʻi i ka Lūkini 'ōlelo a me ka mooolelo. Ua koke assimilate hou ike. Ua kokua ia e pakele ma hope o nā nele pregnancies a me ka mea i ka lōʻihi-kali ke keiki o Paulo i kona koke ma hope o ka hanau ana. Ua ike aku la ia ia wale nō ma hope o nā lā he 40. Ua Ua lawe mai la ia Elisabeta. Ua moe o ka lilo ana i empress. i ka wa pono ia i kona mea, e like me Peter Fedorovich pilikia ka poni. Elizabeth i ka lanakila o ke kākoʻo mai o na kiai, a hookahuli ae la i kana kane. Loa paha, ia i make, akā, ua kapaʻia ka kūhelu mana ka make ma ka colic.

Kona noho alii ana he 34 makahiki. Ua hoole e lilo i kuhina nui no kana keiki, a haawi aku la ia ia i ka noho aliʻi wale nō ma hope o kona make ana. Kona noho alii ana no i ke au o ka naʻauao absolutism. More pokole a pau imua papaaina "hale coup."

ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo 'ike

Ana e hele mai ana i ka mana e hiki mai a hiki i ka pau i ke au o ka hale coup. Ka papaʻaina Aʻole e noonoo i ka moana i Emperor, noho ma hope o ka mea, eia nae Paulo haʻalele i ka noho aliʻi, e like me ka hopena o ke kipi.

I mea ike i ka maikaʻi mea, ke ahaʻia a puni, noonoo i ka hanana a me na kanaka, ka poe i pili me ia, ma hōʻuluʻulu i 'ikepili ma luna o ke kumuhana "ke au o ka hale alii Hope" (pokole).

Table "hale coup"
ke kia'āina	ka noho alii ana o	kākoʻo
Ana I, Nee March Skavronskaya, ka wahine o Peter I	1725-1727, make pili me ka tuberculosis a me ka hoouka o ka rumatika	Kiai regiments, Menshikov, P. Tolstoy, ka Aha Aha Kukamalu
Petr Ii Alekseevich, moopuna o Petra Velikogo, make o ka puʻupuʻu	1727-1730	Kiai regiments, hanau Dolgoruky, ka Aha Aha Kukamalu
Anna Ivanovna, he kaikamahine Petra Velikogo, make o maoli kumu	1730-1740	Kiai regiments, ke Alakai Chancellery, Byron, A. Osterman, Munnich
John Antonovich (nui-keiki o Petra Velikogo), me kona makuwahine, a me kahu aupuni Anna Leopoldovna	1740-1741	Kelemānia hanohano
Elizaveta Petrovna, ke kaikamahine Petra Velikogo, make o ka elemakule	1741-1761	kiai regiments
Peter III Fedorovich, ka moopuna o Petra Velikogo, make ma lalo o pohihihi ana	1761-1762	Au i i kona hanau ana
Ekaterina A., ka wahine o Peter Fedorovich, Nee Sophia Augusta, a pololei Fouquet, make o ka elemakule	1762-1796	Kiaʻi regiments, a ua Lūkini kaukaualiʻi

Table o ka hale aliʻi Hope vividly ho'ākāka i nā hanana nui o ka manawa.

Hopena o ke au o ka pā kaua coups

Palace Hope Ua kaupalena 'wale i ka paio no ka mana. Ka mea, i ole e hali ana i ka loli ma ka kālai'āina a me ka pilina spheres. Ke ano hanohano, maheleia iwaena o lakou iho i ka pono, e alii ai maluna o, e like me ka hopena o ka 37 makahiki i Ua eono luna.

Kaiapili-aneiai noaaeeecaoee i pili me Ana Elizabeth I a me II. ua hiki ke hoʻokō i kekahi pomaikai nui i loko o ka kuwaho o ka moku'āina lakou.