I ka moolelo o aeronautics. Montgolfier hoahanau

I ka moolelo o aeronautics, seemingly piha. I kēia lā mākou mau ola he helicopters, airplanes a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe outlandish kaa. Eia naʻe, kanaka ka naau i noho mau loa ke kilokilo a me ka Awaits mea i pili i ka hana hoihoi 'hana e like wela ea hoʻonui holo. A me kēia lā poʻe e hele ana ma luna o laila. He nui ka poe makemake e 'ike i ka ike ana ia a pau, hoomaka ae la. I ka moolelo o ka ballooning? Acaeoey e e pokole nānā 'ia ma kēia' atikala.

Bartolommeo Lorenzo

Bartolommeo Lorenzo, Palakila, e pili ana i na paionia 'i, ua poinaʻia mōʻaukala inoa, he ole. Eia naʻe, i ko lakou nui akeakamai E hana 'ia ma luna o nā kenekulia, ua ninau aku paha koe IKE OLE IA.

Bartolommeo Lorenzo - maoli inoa o ke kanaka nana i komo i ka mōʻaukala o nā aeronautics, Lorenzo Guzman, Pukiki kahuna, nāna i hana o ka papahana ma lalo o ka inoa "Passaroly" a nei ike like Fantasy. I ka makahiki 1971, ma hope o ka huli loa, aʻu i ike palapala e wehewehe ana i nā hanana o ka mamao i hala.

Ka mea, hoomaka ae la i ka 1708, ka wā āna i neʻe ai i Portugal, Guzman komo i ke Kulanui o Coimbra ma, a hoonoho iho la no ka ho'āʻo e e i ka mokulele, i ka holo ana ma luna o ka mea e wehe i ka mōʻaukala o ka ballooning. Ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika, ma a Lorenzo hoike nui akamai, kokua aku la ia ia i loko o kēia. He hoomaka ae la kona papahana e hoʻokolohua. Guzman ua papahana mau Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i lilo i ka prototype o kona wā e hiki mai moku.

Ka mua ÷ Guzman moku

I ka 1709, ma August, i hoike mau Ke Ana Hoʻohālike ke aliʻi hanohano. ʻana i ka mea wale kekahi hoʻonuiʻauheʻe: he lahilahi iwi me ka uuku brazier, kaulia ana ma lalo o ka mea, aneane 4 mika i ka lepo. Guzman i ka hookahi makahiki, hoomaka ae la kona pāhana "Passaroly". Eia naʻe, kona ho'āʻoʻikepili i ole, ua malamaia. Eia naʻe, ma kekahi hihia, Guzman i ka mea mua kekahi, ma muli o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i nāʻike manaʻo o ke ano, ua hiki ke' imi i ka maoli ala e piʻi mai, a no hoi i ka hoao e? Ii ia i loko o nä hana kilokilo. A hoomaka ae la i ka mōʻaukala o ka ballooning.

Zhozef Mongolfe

Mai Iosepa, i kona kaikuaana, Etienne Montgolfier, ka mea nona ka uuku Palani kulanakauhale pepa manufactory, i loaa i ka 1782 i ka leo i loko a ke kaikunane noi aku la ia ia, e hoomakaukau i ka hou kaula a me ka silika mea i ike i kekahi o na mea a pau loa kupaianaha i loko o ke ao nei. Ka memo i hana i loaʻa ia Iosepa hope kekahi i ua ole pono mai la na hoahanau ma ke anaina: i ke ala ma ka i 'oe ke lawe i ka lewa.

Shell piha me ka uwahi, ua i kēia wahi uku paha. J. Montgolfier i ka hopena o kekahi hoʻokolohua uncomplicated mālama i Stitch lole o nā'āpana poʻohiwiʻelua o ka lole i loko o ka pahu-hoʻokino pōkā pū paa i hope, ua piha i ka uwahi. Kēia Kaka manawa ole wale i ka mea kākau, akā, i kona kaikuaana. Hana pu ana, ka noiʻi hana elua hou aerostatic machines (no laila, kapa iho la lakou i ko lakou mau balloons). Ma ka pōʻai o nā hoa a me nā hanauna, i kekahi o ia mau mea, ua hōʻike. Ua Ua hoʻololi i like me ka mea poepoe, o ka anawaena o i i 3.5 mau mika.

Ka mua successes o ka Montgolfier

i ka hoʻokolohua ua he loa ka pomaikai: ma kahi o 10 minuke ma ka lewa ana iwi, oiai e ala ana i ka kiekie o ma kahi o 300 mika a me kekahi kilomika o lele ma ka lewa. Kanaka, na hoahanau, hooeueuia lakou e ka pomaikai, ua hoʻoholo ihola e hōʻike i kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole ai i ka lehulehu. Ka mea, kukulu iho la i ka nui hoʻonui me ke anawaena o ka oi mamua o 10 mau mika. No Lilo canvas lākeke o kana mau hana ua he kaula, upena, a pepa keu i ka pepa i mea e hoʻoikaika 'i ka tightness.

I ka 1783, June 5, paʻa ihola kona h ÷ ike i loko o ke kuai hale i loko o ke alo o na mea he nui nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi. hoʻonui ku ae la iluna ua piha oia me ka uwahi. A pau nā lāliʻi o ka hana hoike i ka kūikawā Hola Pūnaewele, a i hoailonaia me nā inoa o nā luna aupuni. No laila, no ka manawa mua loa ia i ua kauoha aku hooiaioia e ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i ke ala no ka aeronautics i wehe.

Kumu Charles

Ma Paris, ua ulu nō keʻano he hoihoi nui ma ka Montgolfier hoahanau lele i ka wela ea hoʻonui. Ka mea, Ua kono ia 'oe i ke kapikala o kā lākou hana. I ka Ia manawa, Jacques Charles, ka Palani physicist, Ua aoia mai no ia e lawe mai i ka h ÷ ike o ka mokulele au nana i hana. Charles koi i ka smoky lewa, hoʻonui kinoea, e like me ka mea i kapaia - i ka mea maikaʻi loa i nā mea hana i ka hana i kekahi hydrostatic ke eaʻe.

Jacques ua pono ike i ka polokalamu Aey? Acaeoey ma kemika a me ka manaoio aku i ka mea maikaʻi, e hoʻohana hydrogen, no ka mea, mea māmā ma mua o ka ea. Naʻe, koho i kēia kinoea e hoopiha mai ana i kona kaa, Kumu pilikia i ka helu o ka iiaie oaoieei pilikia. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, ua pono e hooholo mai i ka hana i ka malamalama iwi, hiki ke malama i ka yiaeaiiacaaeneiie kinoea i ka lōʻihi manawa.

Ka mua holo charliere

Robey hoahanau, mechanics, kokua aku la ia ia Makuakane me keia hana. Ka mea, ua i kekahi mea me ka makemake waiwai. No keia hoahanau i hoʻohana malamalama silika lole i i ua kapa komo iā ia me ka laholio pāʻoihana ma ka hua pisetakia. I ka 1783, 27 August, ma Palika ma ka Champ de Ka Mars ku ae la mokulele Charles. He lele mai ma ka mua o kahi o 300 tausani. Mea Nānā a koke liloʻike makaʻole. Ka wā hoʻokahi kanaka e ku ana ilaila ma laila, ninau aku la, i ka i ka wahi i loko o nā mea a pau keia, Beniamina Franklin, kaulana Amelika statesman a me nä känaka 'epekema, i malama i ka lele, i mai la oia: "He aha ka meaʻoi i loko o ka muli o ke keiki i loko o ke ao nei?" Hoao wānana i hoʻopuka. "Keiki" i hanau, a me ka ia i destined i ka wā e hiki mai nui.

Ka mua ohua

Montgolfier nā hoahānau,ʻaʻole naʻe, i ole pau Charles pomaikai nui i loko o ka manao, e hōʻike aku i loko o Paris kona iho hana mea hou i hana muaʻole. Etienne, ho'āʻo nei e hana ai me ka nui manaʻo, hoʻohana i kona talena i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone nui. Hoʻonui, hana iho la ia, ka mea, ua ma kekahi aoao o ka hana ana o ke akamai. Barela shape i kona iwi, i hiki oi ma mua o 20 mau mika. Ua Ua hoonaniia mai me ka lei e nani ai mawaho, a monograms.

Hoʻonui nō ia ma ka Academy o Sciences, i kapaʻia ka manaʻo mahalo o kona laʻelaʻe 'ia. Ua Ua hoʻoholo i loko o ke alo o ke alo alii, e 'oe i ka h ÷ ike. Near Paris, ma Versailles, he h ÷ ike i wahi i ka 1783, ma 19 September. Oiaio, e kauoha ana i ka manaʻo mahalo o nā kula hoʻonui mai a hiki i kēia lā i ole i noho ai: i holoi aku i kona ili e ka ua, ma o na la ia e hele mai i loko o naniʻole. Akā, Montgolfier hoahānau i i hooki. Ka lawelawe nui, ka mea, kukulu iho la i ka hou hoʻonui i ka pale lā. He ua i emi iki mahope o ia i ka nani o ka mea mua kekahi.

I mea e paka i ka i kā mākou kanawai, na hoahanau hitched i kona aeea i loko i ka mea, i ka moa, he Duck a me ka hipa. O lakou ka mea mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o balloonists. Ke hoʻonui lele mai, a hana i kona hele ana a hiki i ka 4 ei, 8 minuke maluhia i kuʻu iho ai i ka honua. Nā koa o ka lā i ka Montgolfier hoahanau. Ka mea, Ua loaʻa 'ia me nā hoʻolilo' ia ', a me nā balloons a pau, a ua hoʻohana' ia e ho okumu i ke eaʻe smoky ea, hoomaka ae la i ka lā e e kapaia ka hoʻonui.

manned holo ana ma luna o ka wela ea hoʻonui

Me kēlā me kēia holo ana ma ka Montgolfier kaikuaana i holo mai ana i ke aloha pahu hopu ka mea, hahai, - kanaka mahuka. A hou poepoe ua kūkuluʻia e ia, ka mea, uaʻOi aʻe. Kona kiʻekiʻe mea 22,7 mika a me anawaena - 15 mau mika. Alii Gallery Ua hoʻoukaʻia i loko o ka haʻahaʻa. Ua Ua papahana no mau kanaka. Ka hanaia'na mai o keia manao hoʻomau mōʻaukala o ka ballooning. Ke kālaikūlohea, ma ka piʻi like o i ka mea, i ka nānā 'ana, i ka manawa wale ae he nui loa na mea manao o ka mokulele. Ipu ahi no ka puhi mauʻu i kau ia ma ka waena o ka gale. He hawewe hou mehana, oiai i loko o ka iwi ma lalo o ka lua. Kēia wela hoʻomehanaʻana i ka lewa, a i mea e hiki ai e hana i ka hou mahuka ana. He hiki lilo iho la i kekahi mau loa controllable.

Ka holo mōʻaukalaʻoe ke loaʻa i keʻano o nā hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo. Aeronautics - ka hana, a ma ka 18th kenekulia lawe nui kona kaulana a me ka hiʻona. Na ke kanaka haku o ka mokulele i makemake ole e kaʻana like ia me ka 'ē aʻe. Eia naʻe, Louis XVI, ke alii o Farani, i papaia e lawe 'ana i ka holo uku kākoʻo ana ma. E like me ia ia ia, i kēia pilikia risky ola i, e ao aku i ka lawehala mau mea i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. Naʻe, ka mea i alakaʻi i kue Pilatre de Ka Rozier, kekahi o ka hana i komo i loko o ka hana o ka wela ea hoʻonui.

hiki ole ke hoolauleaia kēia kanaka me ka mea e, e komo i ka inoa o nā lawehala i ka mōʻaukala o aeronautics. He Koi ikaika e komo i loko o ka huakaʻi i loko o kanaka. Ae ia hope loaa. Ka huakai i loko o ka hoʻonui hele aku la kekahi "ke kahu moku". Ka mea, lilo iho la ka Makuisa d'Arland, ballooning hoʻopuehu lākou. A ma ka 1783, 21 November, haʻalele akula lākou i ka lepo, a i kona mua holo ma ka mōʻaukala. 25 minuke ma ka lewa noho wela ea hoʻonui, e pili ana i 9 kilomika lele wale i keia manawa.

kanaka holo ana ma luna o charliere

I mea e hooiaio ia charliere (balloons me nā pūpū, a ua piha loa lakou me ka hydrogen) e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai ana o aeronautics, Kumu Charles ua hoʻoholo e hoʻokō i kekahi manaʻo holo i i manao ia e oi nui ma mua o ka hooponopono ia e ka Montgolfier hoahanau. E pili ana i ka hou hoʻonui, oia ua ulu i ka helu o ka manao pāʻoihana, hoʻohana 'ia no nā kenekulia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Charliere kūkulu ia i ka maka aha i hohola ma ka hoaka o hemisphere o ka hoʻonui, a me ka laina ma i hoomaha gondola kaulia ana a hiki i keia maka aha. Nā gondolas he kanaka. Special'ē Ua i loko o ka iwi no ka kala o ka hydrogen. Ka nohona kiwikā o Nyos i loko o ka iwi, e like me ka pono i waiho ai i loko o ka gondola ballast hoʻohana i ka hoʻololi 'ana i kiʻekiʻena. Eia nae, ua hoi i ka heleuma, e hana ia maʻalahi e noho ilalo ma ka lepo.

Charliere ke anawaena o ka oi ma mua o 9 mika, 1 December 1783 ma ka paka o ka Tuileries i ka hoʻomaka 'ana. Ua hele aku la ma ke Kumu Charles a me Robert, kekahi o na hoahanau, ka poe i kuleana i loko o ka hana o ka charliere komo. Ka mea, ua iho mai ka malu ma ke kulanakauhale, lele ma kahi o 40 kilomika. Charles laila, wahi a ka hele wale.

Charliere lele 5 km, oiai i ka kiekie hiki ole no ia manawa - 2750 mika. About hapalua o ka hola ma hope o kona noho ana i loko o kēia transcendental kiekie,ʻImi Loa pae maluhia, pela pau ka mua holo ana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o aeronautics i loko o ka hoʻonui piha me ka hydrogen wahī.

Hoʻonui lele ma luna o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Channel

Life o Jean Pierre Blanchard, he Palani lunaʻenehana, i hana 'ia ma ka Channel i ka lele mua i loko o ka hoʻonui, he pepeiaohao nui ma ia mea, ua i ke ki i o ka popoiwi wahi, i mai ai ma ka hopena o 18th kenekulia i loko o ka ulu ana o aeronautics. Blanchard hoomaka me ka mea i lawe mai i ka manaʻo o flapping mahuka.

He kukulu iho la i ka mīkini i ka 1781, a me nā'ēheu ma ka holo ikaika ana o na mea kaua a me nā wāwae. Hoao ai ia ia a kau ma luna o ke kaula kiola ma ka aeie, i hoala mai ai i ke kiekie o ka hale pōhaku lepo i kēia inventor, me ka ua ma kahi o 10 kg he counterweight. Oluolu ia i ka loiloi mua pomaikai, oia paʻiʻia ma ka nūpepa i kona mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka manawa kūpono o ka flapping mahuka i kānaka.

I hoopaaia i ka mea mua hoʻonui lewa hele like hoʻi me ka huli 'ana no ka lele hoʻi iā Blanchard hoi i ka manao o ka eheu, akā, ua ua hoʻohana i ka mana i ka hoʻonui. ʻOiai ka mua hoʻokolohua i pau ai ino, ke kanaka noiʻi i i haʻalele i ko lakou hoao ana, a oi leʻaleʻa o ke ala hou i loko o ka lani a puni.

I ka 1784, ma o ka haule ana, ka mea, hoomaka ae la de i 'Enelani. Ke noiʻi i ka manao e lele ma ka Pelekania Channel i loko o ka hoʻonui, pela kona hoakaka i ka manawa kūpono o ka lewa kalepa ae la lakou ma waena o Palani a meʻEnelani. I ka 1785, ma January 7, e paa ana ia o kēia holo, a i mālamaʻia ka inventor Dr. Jeffrey, me kona 'Amelika hoa ia ia iho, a me ka.

Ke au o ka ballooning

I ka moolelo o ka ballooning? Acaeoey ua pōkole-i noho ai. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia airships a me balloons mai ai i kona paʻaʻana, ka mea, mehe mea, he uuku no 150 makahiki. Ka mea mua noa hoʻonui ala i loko o ka lewa ma ka Montgolfier hoahanau i ka 1783, a ma ka 1937 puhi LZ-129 Gindenburg, airship, i kukulu ia ma Hawaii. Ua hiki mai i loko o ka United States, Lakehurst, ma ka wahi kia. Ma ka papa he 97 kanaka. 35 o ia i make ai. Kēia hewa mea ai hoʻolele hauli ke ao nei lehulehu i ka mana nui i lena i ka cessation o ke kūkulu o ka nui airships. Pela i pau ai i ke au i loko o aeronautics, ma a ka hope 40 makahiki o ka ulu ana o kaʻoʻoleʻa airships, kapa zeppelins (kekahi o ko lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE kanaka haku o Ferdinand av Zeppelin, he Kelemānia nui).

Hoʻonui 'ia ma ke Montgolfier kaikuaana, ua unmanageable. Wale i ka MH 1852, Anri Zhiffar, he Palani akamai, ua hana i ka lāʻau hoʻonui.

Nā kānakaʻenehana Ua lōʻihi ho'āʻo i ka hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka rigidity o ka mokulele. Davidu Shvartsu, he'Aukekulia akamai, loaa ka manao e hana i kā lākou mau hale noho metala. Ma Pelelina i ka 1897, soared i luna. Hoʻonui Schwartz. Kona kino i i ka Aluminum. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ka hoʻokō 'ole' engine pilikia pae i i.

Graf Zeppelin

Helu av Zeppelin, ike lea i ka hana o Dāvida, au i ike ai i ko lakou ka manaʻolana 'ia. He hele mai ia me ka? Aieao i ka malamalama pahu trusses i i riveted Aluminum holehole mai ai. Puka i loko o ia i hehi iho. O ke apo-hoʻokino kapiliia mōlina hoʻokō. Ka mea, Ua hui e stringers.

Panel me ka hydrogen Ua kau ma waena o kēlā me kēia paʻa o nā mōlina (he huina o 1217 na apana). Nolaila, ka wā pōʻino i kekahi mau maloko paukūʻolokaʻa koe malamaia no volatility. I ke kauwela o 1990, cigar-hoʻokino vosmitonny kanaka nunui zeppelin (dirigible, nona ke anawaena o 12 mika, lōʻihi - 128) i ka holomua 18-minuke i holo, huli kona Mea nana i hana, alaila, manao ae e kokoke hehena kulanakauhale, he aupuni meʻe.

Recently nalowale i ke kaua me ka'ōlelo Farani, ke aupuni ike e hoʻoikaika i mau manaʻo e pili ana i keia mana-mea kaua. Zeppelin - airship, a i ua 'Imi hoʻohana ma hostilities. Gen. i World War I kūkulu mau machines, ka lōʻihi o ka a i 148 m. Lakou e hiki i ka mämä holo o ka mai i ka 80 km / h. Airships i papahana Kauna Zeppelin, i hele aku i ke kaua.

20th kenekulia kekahi democratized hoʻii. Hoikehonua, ballooning lilo Hobby o na kanaka. Solomon Auguste Andre i ka 1897, i loko o July, i i ka mua holo ana i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Arctic i loko o ka hoʻonui. I ka 1997, ka hoʻonui Fiesta i paʻa i loko o ka hanohano o ka centenary o kēia hanana ma ka North Pole 'âlapa balloonists. Mai laila, i kela makahiki hiki 'aneʻi ka loaʻeu hui, e piʻi i loko o ka lani. Ahaaina o aeronautics - he kupaianaha hoikeia i ka mahalo i ka puu o ke kanaka e hele mai.