Ke kumu a me ka mōʻaukala o nā hana pāʻani. Mōʻaukala o nā hana 'ālapa ma Rusia

New Ua mau o Laielohelohe i ka nui helu o ka poʻe i ho'āʻo i ka outdo lākou nā kānaka hoʻokūkū, a lilo i ka manawa kūpono o ko lākou mau kino, ua nui ma luna ma mua o ka hoa paio. High traction no ka lāhui kanaka alakai i ka hoʻomaka o ka nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika, a me ka loa Popular haʻuki. A laila, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mana wahie, o kekahi o kēia lāhui kanaka, e hoʻomaka i ka hana waeʻano i haawi ala i ka kaumaha a me ka malamalama hana pāʻani.

Kekahi mau minute o ka moolelo o ka nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika he poe kaao, o ka papa, ka mea, e ia pela, no ka mea, o ka muli o nā haʻuki e hele ana no ka oi ma mua o 2 tausani makahiki aku nei, i ka wa a kanaka ike i na mea okoa, a, o ka papa, i alakaʻi ai i ka mōʻaukala o nā hana pāʻani.

Mōʻaukala o nā hana pāʻani ulu

Ua paʻa nā Competition mai'ō a'ō, ma ke ola ana o ke kanaka, akā, i loko o ka wā kahiko, kanaka i Ua hoihoi wale nō ke hoʻonaʻauao koa, hiki i ka palena iki poino, e lawe mai i ka lanakila ma ke kaua. Koa hoihoi i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka hoʻopā 'ulu na kanaka, i lilo ai i nā e regenerate ma haʻuki lealea, i ka papa kuhikuhiE Competition a pau ma luna o ke ahonui a me ka ikaika. Mai ia manawa, hoomaka ka hanau ana o nā hana pāʻani.

Ka mea mua e uwa o nā haʻuki o nā hana pāʻani (i hoʻopaʻaʻia kaʻikepili) - i ke kahuʻai, mai Elis, o Koreb, ka mea i loko o 776 BC holo i ka mamao wikiwiki i loko o ke kahua 1 (ma kahi o 192 mau mika).

Hana pāʻani i loko o ka wā kahiko Greece ua okoa mai i kēia lā i ka Competition, no ka laʻana, mea kēia manawa he iwi kuamoʻo no e hoolei ana i kaupaona 2 kilograms no na kanaka, a 1 kg no nā wāhine, akā, i loko o ka wā kahiko huila, uaʻokoʻa ma aneane a pau:

1. Hoʻohana 'ia nā kumuhana (laau, mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a keleawe).
2. Helehelena ka mea, i hoʻololi (no ka unspecified kumu).
3. Ka mea nui wale koena unuhi - ka mea, o ka ke kaupaonaʻana i kaulua mai 1,25 kg a hiki i 6,63.

Kekahi o nā hanana loa hanohano i waena o nā kânaka ua ihe e hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha me ke koa ma amau o ka haʻuki, a me ke koena o ka Competition i ohi ia emi kânaka e e pili, akā, he hapa o ka nâ Pâʻani' Olumepika ma muli o ke kino o kéu uea 'a me kanaka uhane.

Hoikehonua, hana pāʻani

he loa okoa, mai mea ke ike nei, ma muli o ia i ka aoao o ke kanaka, i ko lakou manaoio a me ka pili ana i ka Competition Na kahiko nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika.

I ka moolelo o ka hooulu ana o ka hana 'ālapa ma kona noho ano, hoomaka ae la i ka makahiki 1837. Hoikehonua, Competition hoomaka "oluolu" haʻuki ma hope o ka lāhui mua i loko o 'Enelani ma ka holo no 2 kilomika. Championship paa ana i waena o Rugby kulanui i nā haumāna, a me ka hope o ua hoomaka ae la e popularize i loko o nā kulanui a me nā kūlanakauhale: Oxford, London, Kamepelika a me na mea e ae. A laila, na lealea hoʻomaka e kākau i nā Competition: 1851 - kiʻekiʻe Jump, a me ka holo lōʻihi, 1864 - Kernel a me ka hoolei ana i ka hāmare, steeplechase a me nā physical hoopapa.

I ka makahiki 1865 ma Londonʻo ia i hana i ke ao nei ka mua kekahi kime pāʻani laau palau, a ua loaʻa i ka Poʻokela Honua o ke aupuni i loko o nā haʻuki. Ma hope o 3 makahiki, New York kaʻohiʻana i i ka manaʻo o nā 'âlapa Pelekāne, a hoonohonoho i ko lakou mau' ē aʻe e hoʻomaka popularization o ka Competition ma ka pelapela o ka New World.

Ua hoʻomaopopo OtherʻEulopa aina i wahi hope i ka sport,ʻo he nui helu ana o kanaka, a hoomaka ae la e hoopaa Competition i ka 1880, a ma ka 90th makahiki o ka mea hookahi kenekulia i ka pau ana o 'Eulopa' Ua pio ka polokalamu ma ka "mana" o ka haʻuki.

Hana pāʻani Competition, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka o ka popularization, alakaʻi wale nō i loko o kēlā me kēia aupuni, a me wale i ka 1896 Athens nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika paʻa oiaio, a oia ka 12 okoa Competition, a me kekahi mau'āina.

Nâ 'âlapa' hana pāʻani i ua hoomakaukau ia ma waena o nā kulanui ma aneane nā 'ano o nā hanana a me nā kiʻi i ka hapanui mau mekala, mai ka manawa e hele mai hoomakaukau, a alakai ai i kēia mau ano o Competition.

America Ua hōʻike maikaʻi loa i nā hualoaʻa ma ka mua nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika , a laila, mālama i ke alakai kulana i loko o ka helu ana o Winners, akā,ʻaʻole like ka nui me nā'āina i hoʻomaopopo loa i ka waiwai o keia hanana a me ka hoʻomākaukau' ana i poe koa e ae i loko o kā lākou mau papahana.

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o ka hana pāʻani paa na poe koa e ae, aka, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau aʻu i hoomanao i ka Winners mua: R. Juri (Champion 2 a me 3 'Olumepika laau-makahiki), Orter, Mathias, Thorpe a me Owens (champion i loko o ka Triple Jump nâ Pâʻani' Olumepika), Korzeniowski (eha-manawa e uwa maila ma luna o lāhui e hele ana) a me ke koena o na Winners, ka mea e mau ia i ka mua, no ka mea, hoomaka ae la i ka hanau ana o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia pāʻani.

E piʻi like hana pāʻani 'âlapa

Ma mua, na organizers, 'âlapa a me kânaka i pono hauʻoli, a hoʻomanaʻo e piʻi like, akā, ma hope o ka manawa o ka mea hoʻonui i wale i ka lanakila akā, no hoi, e kū ai i ka maikai i nā hualoaʻa ma ka mōʻaukala o nā pāʻani.

Ma ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka me ua mau kau hou mooolelo no ka hana pāʻani, akā, i ka likeʻole ma waena o ia ke moe i loko o ka mea ana o ka hapanui - keia mea he nīnūnē na kii i i lanakila i hookahi; kekahi i kuʻiʻia kēia ōlaʻi o nā makahiki; akā, aia no kekahi poe nō hiki ole pepehi hou i kekahi competitor.

Ka mua ao mooolelo, a koe ka mea maikaʻi no 20 makahiki - ia mea he Lele o ka 'âlapa' Amelika ma ka lōʻihi (8 mika 90 mau kenimika), akā, i ka loa mea kupaianaha i ka mooolelo mua ua emi iho malalo o ka hapalua o ka mika.

Ka moolelo o ka holo i ka marathon mea he nui e piʻi like, i hiki oleʻoi i kēia lā - kēia lāhui kanaka ma ka 100 a me 200 mau mika. Ka mooolelo-paa ma keia hahau mea he Amelika runner Florence Griffith Joyner, i ku pono nā hualoaʻa: 100 mika, ua holo no 10,49 kekona a me 200 mau mika ma ka pono 21,34 kekona.

Ka nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika i keia la, i oi loa Competition, ke papa ninoieo kokoke wale nō o pulmonary hanana. Ke kumu o hakaka, i ka mea he nui ka helu ana o Amelika Huipû, a mooolelo, a i mea waiwai ma ka pāʻani - marathon. Oia hiʻona ua pili me ka 'âlapa, mai Nigeria, mau hoʻololi buke o ka mooolelo a,ʻo ka nui helu o kânaka.

Women i loko o nā hana pāʻani

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia hana pāʻani Competition i nā mea a pau hoʻomōhala wale ma luna o nā kānaka, a me nā wāhine i ole ae e komo i loko o ka Competition, akā, ma hope o ka kenekulia o kēia marathons Ua hoʻololi mea, a ua he "nani" hana pāʻani. "Queen o Sports" i mua ua he wahi hoa, akā, ma luna o manawa o ka sport ua hiki mai i ka nui helu o na wahine.

Ka mua hoopapa me ke komo ana o ka wahine i wahi i ka 1928, akā, wale i ka 96 la makahiki o ka helu ana o Track a me kahua Competition i ka wahine i hele mai i ka huli i loko o 20? Ueo.

Maopopo kauoha aku e loaa i ka hilinaʻi o ka organizers o ka lealea wale 1999, ka wā o nā 'âlapa a pau i loko o Sydney hāmare nou ana a me ka laau vault.

I ka moolelo o ka hanana o ka hana 'ālapa ma Rusia

Ka Russian aupuni a pau i loko o wikiwiki i ka lawe 'ana i loko o ka' Olumepika, a ua ka USSR i ka makahiki 1952 i 'âlapa no ka lealea, a ua paa ia iho ma luna o ka par me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Competition o ka USSR, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i hānau he lōʻihi manawa kahiko, a ua hooikaika Competition ma a mākou 'âlapa i nō e pili ana nunui Competition no nā'āina a pau o ke ao nei.

Ka mea i Rusia AOON ke ao nei ka aloha o ka haʻuki, 'aʻole i manaʻo i ka piha kaawale o ka Competition. I ko kakou aupuni, ka mōʻaukala o ka Track a me ka mahinaʻai, hoomaka ae la ia me ka kânaka mua, ka mea i loko o 1888 ma St. Petersburg hoʻonohonoho i ka hoa kanaka. A makahiki ma hope, nā haʻuki kaiāulu i hele mai i ka inoa "Society o holo enthusiasts."

Petersburg kaiapili koke ho onui ana 'âlapa a me nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi, a me ka pololei o ka makahiki ma hope ka mea hoʻololi i ka inoa, a hoomau iho la oia i ko lakou hana e like me ka haʻuki waenakonu o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Ma hope iho o ka hui ana o ke kaiāulu i kekahi huina o elima makahiki, ma hope a manawa o ka p ÷ ai ua ulu no ka nui loa i hoomaka ohui nā haʻuki, a ma ka 1895 i ka mōʻaukala o nā hana 'ālapa ma Rusia i kākau like me ka makahiki o ka mea mua nui-pālākiō lealea, kahi 10,000 kânaka i hele mai.

Rusia ua ma wikiwiki, e komo i ka global hana pāʻani Competition, akā, kona auaiaea ia hoʻi, ka'opi o ka 'âlapa a pau ma luna o ka honua, e like me ka mea e hoikeike e lanakila o ka papaʻaina, ma ka mea, ua ka USSR i aneane pau lealea loaʻa ma luna o ka mua laina, akā, i keia la, i ko kakou' âlapa i ole hōʻike i nā hualoaʻa i hiki loaʻa i loko o ka Soviet Union.

Na Makuahine o ka doping i loko o nā hana pāʻani

Mōʻaukala o nā hana pāʻani i ka nui helu o ke kula, no ka doping, a me ke kahua o keia wa ua ole Wehewehe i nā hāʻina, no ka mea, makemake 'âlapa no ia i ka mea maikaʻi, a me kekahi o ia e imi e hooiaio i ka superiority ma antibiotics.

E kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka 'âlapa (ma ka hou ana i ka' inikua ninaninau) i hana mai i ka hui "IAAF", e leie akuʻoe e kaha i ka mōʻaukala o ka 'âlapa no ka pau' inikua examinations,ʻaʻole e pili ana i ka 'Olumepika.

E hiki anei ka hopena i loko o ka nui helu o examples o "lālau ma doping", i mea waiwai ma ka pāʻani: kiʻekiʻe Jump (2012 - disqualification contender no kekahi mekala gula), E Nihi Ka Hele (2014 - Disqualification 4 'âlapa mai Rusia), holo (2014 - disqualification o ka' âlapa) e like me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe examples o aʻe' ana o na rula.

"IAAF" kāleka'ōnaehana e hoʻomōhala ana i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka iliwai o kekahi' inikua examinations ma waho o ka Competition, nae, o ka 'âlapa ke komo ole ke kāleka, akā, ma keia hihia oia i i loaa dala waiwai pio: a hana mau hae i ke kuala wale no.

'Oiai, i ka wa ana i ke kāleka ka' âlapa hōʻoia ana i ka mea e noho ma na rula, a ma ka hihia o eo kākoʻo hui "IAAF" i loko o kā lākou mau hana, e ka mana, eia nō 'âlapa keia i kāpae'ōlelo, a lawe dope, e kahe mai ana mai o ka Competition.

Ke kumu o ka marathon

Mōʻaukala o nā hana pāʻani hoomaka e holo, a me keia la i ka loa kaulana Track a me kahua sport mea he marathon heihei, a originated me ka hanaia'na o ka nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika ma muli o kona kulana maikai kaao.

Legend marathon: "Kokoke ka uuku kulanakauhale o Marathon Greek lehulehu loa luku i ka Peresia poe enemi, a, e hai aku Athens hoouna aku i kekahi elele, ka poe i holo me ka noho 40 kilomika, a ma ka hōʻeaʻana i manawa e hooho i ka mea i lanakila, a laila, koke make wale."

Keia kaao ua hoopaaia ma ka loihi, a holo 'âlapa marathon kahiko nâ Pâʻani' Olumepika - 40 kilomika, a me ka mea i like ka mamao o ua mai Atenai a hiki i ke kulanakauhale o Marathon, akā,ʻepekema kanalua no ka ike i na Helene hiki ai pololei ana i ka mamao, akā, no ka mea, na ko Aigupita somehow kūkulu hemolele pyramid.

Lōʻihi-mamao holo (marathon) ua i kaupalena 'ia 40 kilomika, a me ka mea i ka palena iki mamao no na wahine i hiki ke komo i loko o ka marathon a me ka ultramarathon, i nā hana pāʻani ( "aliʻi wahine o nā haʻuki"). Aku i komo i loko o ka marathon e e holo a hiki i hiki i ka haawi manawa. Ma keia sport nei wale manawa mōlina me 2, 12 hola o ka lā, 2 lā a me 6 lā no i na 'âlapa ke holo mai ka 50 mai ka 1500 kilomika.

Ke ae pā o ka marathon ma nui mamao - ole e holo wikiwiki ma mua o kekahi, a me ka neʻe aku, mai ka Launch pale ma ka nui hiki mamao ma ka haawi manawa. Kēiaʻano o nā hana pāʻani mea pono wahi a hiki i ka malamalama, no ka mea, 'âlapa mai,ʻaʻole pono e holo aku 2:00, ka mea, holo nunui mamao me ka mokuāhana ma no kekahi lā paha i kekahi mau lā, a no ka maluhiluhi loa ia lakou iho, a ma o na la i ke kino i ka mea pepehi kulana.

Hoʻoholo 'ana o nā Winners o nā mea a pau-a

Sports ma ka outset i ka hailonaʻana o nāʻano a ua Hoʻohui 'i loko o nā waeʻano. Mōʻaukala o ka hana pāʻani hoʻomanaʻo nuiʻokoʻa nā pūʻulu i i mua i hanaʻia no ka oi lealea a me kaʻano, akā, ma hope o ka manawa i loko o nā mea a pau-puni Competition Ua hoʻomōhala ma ke koho ana o ka loa versatile kūpono 'ana o ka' âlapa. Nā Helene loa nui mahalo i nā Winners, a wehe aʻela ia i nā puka a pau no ia mau mea, a me kekahi mau oihana o ke aupuni.

Ke nâ Competition i pentathlon, decathlon a me ka heptathlon, a e lawe pio oe pono eʻai hou kumu ma mua o ka Competition, a pepehi hou ka loaʻaʻana ma luna o kekahi mau ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana. Eia naʻe, he mau hoopaapaa, ka wā pono ua i ike ia i ua ka mua, akā, e 'oi aku ka maʻalahi punohu. For the o ka wale hooiaio o ka lanakila o ka 'âlapa me iki hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka hoa paio, akā, e ka manawa e hiki i ka nānā i ka Hawaii photo hoʻopau, a me ka wa me ka hoʻoholo' ana i ke kahe - mea nō IKE OLE IA.

I e pili ana me ka Makamae pilikia Ua kokoke piha e piʻi like ana o kanaka uea (E ike pono.) A kiʻekiʻe Competition, ka 'âlapa e hele mai i ka loihi o kekahi mau mahele o ka lua o kekahi i kekahi, no laila, i ka Hawaii photo hoʻopau ua' Imi hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā' ano o nā haʻuki.

'Ōlelo Aʻo. E like me kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema, ma hope o 40 makahiki, manaʻo kanaka, e hiki i ka i kā mākou nona iho o ke kino, aʻaʻole e e hiki ke kau hou honua mooolelo ma Competition ma physical nā mea hiki.

Guinness Book o Records no ka hana pāʻani

New paa i ua hoʻopili i ka mooolelo, a ua piha i ka mōʻaukala o nā hana pāʻani, a me ka ia, aole makemake ole e kekahi o ka ulu a me ka hiʻona o ka paʻa hou 'ana o haʻuki.

Guinness World Records i invented wale nō 59 makahiki aku nei a hiki i ka hookipa malihini ana i ka noho hookolokolo mai "Guinness" a me nā pia mau ipo, a me ka mea mua mana paʻi,ʻaʻole wale i ka hai aku, a hoʻonā i hoopaapaa wahi, i hiki kânaka ma haʻuki laau ki, akā, no hoi no ka lealea, pela no ka mea, loaa he kūoʻo buke.

Brewery, mea buke, a me au i i manaʻo i kēia hiʻona, akā, i loko o ka huiʻo ia i mua o ka malama, kuai i 5000, a ma i kakahiaka nui '56 o ka 20th kenekulia i kuai lilo 5 miliona mooolelo hoiliili ole.

'Ōlelo Aʻo. Records puke i wale ho'ākāka na e piʻi like ana o kanaka, akā, i hōʻike he Hawaii photo o ko lākou mau mooolelo, akā, ina ua manao no ka luna hoʻopuka ordinal palapala mooolelo, a laila ka mea, ua i ka mōʻaukala o nā hana pāʻani makemake e lewa. A hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o nā mea a pau i nā hanana makemake ua ae kanaka e Hoʻokolo i ka hiʻona o nā haʻuki, akā, i keia mauʻikepili mea hou ai kaulana, no ka mea, o ka Internet hōʻike a pau na e piʻi like i kokoke maoli manawa.

Apparently, aie i ka mea i Rusia meaʻano lohi (ma 1955) hoomaka ae la e ka nuʻu mua ma luna o ka honua kiʻekiʻe o nā haʻuki Competition , a hōʻike iki hoihoi (eia nae hoike maikaʻi hualoaʻa), Book o Records i ua unuhi 'ia i loko o ka Lūkini' ōlelo wale nō i ka 1989.

A laila, hoomaka ae la ka hiʻona e ala aʻe ia i luna, i mea ku pono i ka nele o nā kālā i ka ikaika a me ka pololei 'ike i ka manawa, a me ka buke - ka ohi ana a pau i ka nii? E piʻi like ma kekahi wahi. Ma ka hopena, e komo i loko o ka papa inoa o ka poe koa e ae e pono ai wale no ka uhai i ka mooolelo, a hana i kekahi mea hiki ole, i ole i kekahi hana i ka maʻamau kumu, a, me ka mau,ʻaʻole mea e e manao ma keia.

Aloha kau, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Guinness Book o Records uaʻaʻole pono pili me nā hana pāʻani, ua hoomaka ae la e hoʻomōhala i ka lilo ana o ia mau haʻuki i ka poe o ka loa hanohano i waena o na kanaka, a me ka wale laila, hoomaka ae la e lawe koena, ma kekahi hihia, pupule, mooolelo o kanaka a me kā lākou uea '.

Hana pāʻani ma ka 21st Luna

Nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika i keia la i ka hanana nui no nā'āina a pau o ke ao nei, he nui o ka mea i imi e kiʻi i ka hilinaʻi o organizers, a pana aku au i kēia mau mea nui lā i loko o nā ainoeieoa o ko lākou mau kūlanakauhale. Eia naʻe, he nui loa e ole e hoʻomaopopo ai i ka pilikia o ka Competition mai ka aneiai wahi o Hawaii a me ka hoohalike ana o keia - na kanaka haku hana pāʻani - i ka poe Helene. I ka 'Olumepika ma Helene, alakai aku i ke aupuni a hiki i ka manawa pilikia i kuʻi mai i ka poe Helene a pau monies i ke aupuni i loko o ka loa ino ana, mai a ka lae i kekahi mau makahiki, a ua nō hou mai o ka? Aneiai koina.

Hana pāʻani a me kekahi 'ē sport hele mai i ka ia i keia la paakiki e kuikui mau hoa paio mooolelo, a me ka hapanui o na Winners hiki ole' oe lākou e piʻi like. Ua hai mai o ka pilikia a hiki i ka hana pāʻani. Ua lele komo, holo, e hoolei ana i nā mea a me nā haʻuki oversaturated mooolelo, manaʻo kanaka mea ma ka nui a me ke kapuai, ke holomua nei no laila, e hookeai ai, i ano o kanaka mai ole i manawa e nānā i ka 'ike loea hou ia iho, akā,ʻepekema hana i kekahi mea hou. All hanana hoʻokūpaʻa wale i ke kuhiakau i koke ma laila e e he moolelo i hiki ke lanakila, a me kanaka e hele mai i ka piko o ko lākou physical nā mea hiki.

No ka laʻana, o ka mea e kanaka e ma ka palena o ka 'auhau, ke malama i ka papa hana e kuhikuhi i na Winners, i mea nui ana o ka hana pāʻani. Photos - ka mea wale koho no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka uwa, no ka mea, i keia la ka Aha kaumaha Competition, aʻaʻohe 'âlapa e kela aku ma luna o ia nei hoa paio 2, 3, a no laila, oi aku 5 kekona, a me ka paio mea no kaʻumi a me kekahi manawa, a hiki-haneri, o ka lua.