Ke ola ana o ka? Ueo 'ano - i ka mea microevolution

I ka manaʻo o ka evolution like me ka ana kūpono 'ana o nā mea a pau e noho ana ma luna o ka Honua, ua hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ke ola ano, a me ka nānā aku o kona hou' ano apau loa i keia la i ka mea mahaloia moʻokalaleo, a ma ka Media. Speculation e pili ana i ka evolution a me microevolution, me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka manawa i loko o populist' ano apau loa dilutes kona waiwai, e lawe mai ana nānā i ke kaʻina hana o ka pā like. He aha ka anakahi iki-evolution ma ka kālaimeaola, kona helehelena, a me ka hopena? Acoeueoao - kēia mau mea i nā nīnau i uhi i loko o kēia 'atikala i.

Evolution like me ka liluwelo kaʻina

Evolutionary kumumanaʻo e hōʻike ana mau ano o conditional - macroevolution a me ka microevolution - like maomeka o ka hooulu ana o ke ola ma ka honua nei. Mahele ana a me ka nānā 'ana i conditionally nui taxonomic naehana, e hiki aku ai i ka evolutionary neʻe. Macroevolution hoʻohuʻu ke kahua o ka nui taxa (genus, 'ohana, ka papa, a no laila, ma) no ka wā lōʻihi o ka manawa. Ka hopena o ka microevolution - ke kahua o ka hou laha ', i ka lalo taxonomic pa alima. No ia mea, microevolution ua ano e kapa speciation, i ke kahua o ka hou laha 'ma ka waena o ka palapala ma ka hoʻokō' ana aku reproductive hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻolaʻaʻia i loko o ka kaʻawale taxon.

kumu hoohalike o ke? acaeoey

nā kānāwai a pau o ka evolution like speciation ma macrotaxa kekahi, ma ka ia ha i, a me ka ia na rula like no ka walaʻauʻana pa alima o ka evolution - populations. He aha ka microevolution, eaaei ia manaʻo ma ka hana o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana e pili pū ana, phylogenetically kokoke laha' loko o ka ia genus. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka Arctic, ka home i ekolu pili laha 'o sila - sila Witt, me ka leopadi, a Ross sila. Kaawale mai nīnūnē mawaho oko ao, i ko lakou pio e loa okoa, ka mea i alakai aku ai i ke kahua o ka pili loa akā, okoa? Ueo.

'ano o ka microevolution

Speciation, i hiki aku ai i reproductive neskreschivaemosti like me ka hope kahua o evolutionary hoʻokaʻawale pae i loko o ka? Ueony, loaʻa paha kekahi mau maomeka. E like me ke 'ano o ka'īpaleʻano papa hana hōʻike' i ka helu o nā 'ano apau loa. By microevolution nā:

• Geographic speciation.
• Speciation o? Aneeo kaawale ana o populations.
• Speciation ma ka pono reproductive hoʻokaʻawale (dokopulyatsionnoy a me ka poslekopulyatsionnoy).

He aha ka microevolution Leeuwerikplein a? Aneeo?

Ma keia hihia, e noonoo pono i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻano papa hana panmictic (nā kiʻie paʻi) pūʻulu o meaola, ka wā e hana i ka hou nānaina ma lalo o ka aoao o Geographic a? Aneie aʻe. Kuʻe Huli hoʻokaʻawale o populations ua manaoia i ka ololi o ke kuana hoʻololi i alakai i? Aiaiiuie a piha hoʻokaʻawale o populations o ka hookahi? Ueo. An illustrative hoʻohālike - i ke kahua o ka mokupuni? Ueo. A me ka loa, paha,ʻikeʻia i loko o kēia pōʻaiapili - ia Galapagos bindweed, hōʻikeʻano a me ka study o i alakaʻi Charles Darwin i kona pähola 'ana o ke kumu o? Ueo. An kumu o ia mea microevolution like? Aneeo speciation i mua, ua haawiia mai - Arctic wepa. Ma ka hihia o ka wepa? Aneie ololi i ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka meaʻai lako. Akā,? Aneie ololi mea i ka discrepancy ma waena o? Aneii kau, okoa? Aneeo o kēia lāhui kanaka i loko o ka? Ueony, a no laila, ma luna o.

Dokopulyatsionnaya ke ano o ka hoʻokaʻawale like me ka ano o ka microevolution

I Ina o ka impossibility o noa i kela kapa o ke kanaka e like me ka hopena o ka hoʻokaʻawale, hui pu me ka nele o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka zygote (embryo) o ke kino, e olelo aku dokopulyativnoy hoʻokaʻawale. Kona nā 'ano apau loa.

• 'īpale, i kupu mai ma muli o ia i ke 'ano o ka moe hana (ethological). Laʻana - pono Bikini rana, a me ka timbre okoa? Ueo specificity penei kekahi mele.
• Ke hoʻokaʻawale kena ae la ma kekahi mau hale o copulative a me ka reproductive nā loko. Laʻana - kekahi mau laha 'o orchids i kekahi mau' 'ole o ka pua, a leie aku ia lakou e pollinate wale i kekahiʻano o ka hummingbird.

Ke hoʻokaʻawale kauoha ae la ia e kekahi OOAaAeAa o gametes. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike wale ho okolohua ke ano maoli Track, i kēiaʻano papa hana ka pilikia.

Poslekopulyatsionnaya'īpale me heʻano papa hana o ka speciation

Ma keia hihia ka mea, 'o ia hoʻi i ka zygote ua hana. He aha ka anakahi iki-evolution, ma keia hihia, e hōʻike i nā kēia pepa, e hoʻokō piha reproductive hoʻokaʻawale o populations loko o ka? Ueo:

• Ole-viability o ka zygote ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o ka ontogeny.
• I ka make ana o unborn keiki a opiopio kanaka paha, e hiki reproductive elemakule.
• Ke sterility o hybrids.

Ke liluweloʻano papa hana o keia palapala o ka hoʻokaʻawale mea eiiieaena, a ua pili i cytological, biochemical a me ka humoral hiʻona.

Anakahi iki-evolution like me ka kaʻina hana no ka hoʻokō 'piha reproductive hoʻokaʻawale o nā pūʻulu loko o ka ia laha' hele aku ai i ke kahua o ka hou laha 'o meaola' ē aʻe ma mua o ka makua pepa. Akā, ia mea i loko o kumumanaʻo. I kela hoʻokaʻawale o ka heluna kanaka, e alakai i ka reproductive hoʻokaʻawale, a i na reproductive hoʻokaʻawale e alakai i ka kahua o ka hou 'ano apau loa. He aha ma ka dogma o ka evolution - mea i microevolution hoʻomaka me ka'īpale a me ka ia no hoi na welau.