Krymskaya kaʻakālai kūpono 'hana. Krymskaya hana (makahiki 1944): ikaika a me ka haku mele 'ana aoao

Ke Peninsula o Crimea i na manawa a pau no ka mea mua o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a ma hope o ka USSR mea he kaʻakālai waena i loko o ka Black Sea. Hana Crimea ua nui loa no ka mea, me ka hoʻokikina Red Army, a ma ka mea ia manawa, Hitler ike ia ina haawi Peninsula, lilo aku i ka Black Sea. Makai kaua i wahi oi ma mua o ka mahina, a kūpono i loko o ke pio ana o ka Nazis defenders.

muaʻoki kino

Mai ka hopena o 1942 - hoʻomaka o ka 1943, iloko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua ua he'ano'ē loli: ina ka Army Red aku la lakou a hiki i keia wahi, kēia manawa, hele aku la ma ke kūpono '. Ke kaua o Stalingrad i ka pau pōʻino o ka Wehrmacht holoʻokoʻa. I ke kauwela o 1943, aia i ke kaua ma ka Kursk Bulge, i kapaʻia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka nui loa kaua pahu ma i Soviet koa strategically outplayed ka Nazis i ia i loko o ka pincer ana, ma hope a ka Apana Reich i ua hoʻopaʻi. Ka pūkaua hai ia Hitler i ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ke koa 'ana i meaningless. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia ke kauoha, e ku, a hoopaa i ka oihana a nei.

Crimean hana i ka hoomau ana i ka nani e piʻi like o ka Red Army. Ma hope o Nizhnedneprovsk kūpono '17th German koa i trapped i loko o ka Crimean Peninsula, me ka manawa kūpono o ka replenishment a me kilo. Eia hou, i ka Soviet lākou poʻe kaua e hoʻokele e hopu i kaʻoluʻolu foothold i loko o ka Kerch wahi. Higher German kauoha hookahi hou hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka hopelessness o ke kahua ma ka alo. Me ka pili ana i ka Crimea, pakahi aku la ia i ka pūkaua nui mai la ia me ka manawa kūpono o ka aina kilo ka mea noho ma laila no kekahi make i loko o hou e kū'ē'ē mai. Hitler i i manaʻo ai - ia i kauoha aku e malama i ka hoomalu ana i keia mea nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI wahi. He ho'ākāka keia ma ka i ana ia i loko o ka wā pōʻino o ka Crimea, Romania a me Pulakalia e oki i ka Ally me Germany. Ke kauoha i haawiia mai, akā, mea i ka heluia, o ka ano o na koa, a hiki i keia olelo, a me ka nui i ka kaua, hoomaka ae la ia lakou i Crimean Kai Eʻe?

War theorists pinepine olelo wale e pili ana i ke koena o nā koa o ke kue aoao a me kā lākou mau papa kōnane, A laila'ōlelo akula ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i ke kaua me ka a pau, wale helu i ka helu o ke koa lako a pan, a me ka nui o ka ikaika.

Ia manawa, nā loea manaoio ia ina ole kuleana, ka mea Radio nui i kūlana kaua uhane. A me ka mea i ai me ia, ma na aoao elua?

Ke morale o ka Red Army

Inā ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua i ka morale o Soviet koa ua 'ano haʻahaʻa, i loko o ka papa o ka hana, o ka oi aku ma hope o Stalingrad, oia ua ulu incredibly. Ano ka mea, ua i ka Army Red i loko o ke kaua no ka lanakila. Ma waho aʻeo ia keia, mākou poʻe kaua, e like me nā mahina mua o ke kaua, ua ua hoopaakiki loa ia'ku ma ka hakakā a me ka noho luna ana loaa i ka mea e pono ai ka hoao ana. A pau i kēia pu i haawi mai i ka pomaikai piha o na occupiers.

Ke morale o ka Kelemānia-Lomānia koa

I ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Honua II Kelemānia koa mīkini ua i ike pio. Emi malalo o elua makahiki ma Kelemania, e hoʻokele i paʻa kokoke a pau oʻEulopa, a hiki i na palena o ka USSR. Ke morale o na koa o ka Wehrmacht ua ma ke kiʻekiʻe. Ka mea, noonoo iho la lakou ia lakou iho invincible. A me ka hele ana i ka kekahi kaua, ia mākou i ike ia ma mua i ka mea e loaʻa ana ka lanakila.

Eia naʻe, ma ka hopena o 1941, ka Nazis mua halawai nui ia'ku ma ke kaua no ka Moscow. Ma kontroperatsii Red Army hoʻolei iā lākou, mai ke kūlanakauhale a hiki i ka loihi o ka ma 200 ei. Ua ua i ka lāʻau a hiki i kā lākou pakiko-ʻia a me, ka hapanui importantly, kā lākou morale.

Kēia i hahai Stalingrad, Kurskaia kaua Hopu blockade Leningrad hoʻomaka 'Crimean kaʻakālai kūpono' hana. Ka Apana Reich Ua emi ma luna o nā mea a pau fronts. Kaawale mai ka mea i i pepehi i ka Kelemānia koa kekahi e kekahi, ka mea, he poe wale maluhiluhi o ke kaua. Pehea makemake mākou e hana ia kekahi, akā, ka mea, he poe kanaka nui, ka mea, he 'ohana, a ka mea i aloha ai, a makemake e kiʻi hoʻi i ka hale. Ia ia, i kēia kaua ua hou e pono ai. Ke morale ua ma 'Aʻohe.

Koa o na aoao elua. USSR

Crimean hana ua lilo kekahi o ka mea nui i loko o ka Nui Patriotic War. Ke Red Army i na poe e:

• 4th Ukrainian alo, i kauoha mai ai ia F. I. Tolbuhin. Ua oia no ka 51st Army ma lalo o Ya G. Kreyzera.; 2nd kiai Army ma lalo o ka G. F. Zaharova; 8th Air Army, i kauoha mai ai e T. T. Hryukina a me 19 Panzer mau pūʻali, initially ua ma lalo o ke kauoha I. D. Vasileva, ka mea i a laila UAIAaIN e IA honi.
• Kuokoa Hawaiian Army, i ka malalo i General AI Eremenko, akā, i ka noho luna ana o 15.04.1944 ka mea i kauʻia ma luna o ke K. S. Melnika, ka mea i ka lutanela-nui o ka poe koa.
• Black Sea waʻa, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Adimarala FS Oktyabrsky
• 361-ka m kanaka radiodivizionom Sevastopol.
• Azov Flotilla, alakaʻiʻia Hope Adimarala Gorshkovym S. G.

Koa o na aoao elua. Germany, Romania

Pale hoʻopio i ka Peninsula i mālama ai i ka 17th Wehrmacht kaua. Ma May 1, makahiki 1944 ka mea i häʻawi mai ai iä ka noho luna ana o General mau pūʻali Karl Allmendinger. Ka Army Ua haku o ka 7 Lomānia a me 5 Kelemānia mau papa. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena luna o Nyos i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Simferopol.

Crimean ana ma ka aoao o ka Wehrmacht ma ke kupulau o ka makahiki 1944 ua o ke kūlana pale ano. Territorially kūlana pale kou akamai o ka Wehrmacht hiki ke maheleia i 4 māhele:

1. North. Ke kauoha ana o kēia mau kaua i ke aupuni 'o Dzhankoy, he mau kia, a me ke koe. Aia i mau ho okumu i hoʻomōhala:

• 49th Mountain mau pūʻali: 50, 111, 336 la Infantry Māhele, ka 279th Brigade o ka hana ino mai mea kaua;
• 3rd Lomānia lio mau pūʻali oia hoi o ka lio 9th, 10th a me 19th infantry māhele.

2. West. Ka a pau mokuna, mai Sevastopol a hiki i Perekopa i kiai ana i ka regiments elua o ka 9th Lomānia lio Māhele.

3. East. Nā hanana i wahi ma luna o ka Kerch Peninsula. Here kokua:

• 5th mau pūʻali (73th a me 98th infantry mahele, brigade 191 hoao pū);
• 6th lio a me 3rd Mountain Infantry Māhele Lomania.

4. Hema. A pau i ka hema mokuna, mai Sevastopol a hiki i Feodosiya patrolled, a malama aku 1st Lomānia Mountain mau pūʻali.

E like me ka hopena, i kiaʻana i kāna i ke kaua ma ke kēia ala: ka'ākau ala - 5 mahele ana, Kerch - 4 māhele, hema a komohana mokuna o ka Crimea - 3 papa.

Crimean hana i ee kaʻoi loa ma ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha kaua i huiʻia.

Ke koena o nā koa o ke kue aoao

ikaika	USSR	Germany, Romania
kanaka	462400	195000
Mea kaua a me ka papa wiliʻai	5982	ma kahi o 3600
Poʻina nalu a me ka pakiko-propelled pū	559	215
Jets	1250	148

Eia hou, i ka Army Red i 322 ikamu o ka lako a pan o ka Moana. Kēia mau oeeo? Hōʻike he nui laulā superiority o ka Soviet Army. Kēia kauoha o ka Wehrmacht Hoike i Hitler i ka mea e loaa ka ae e hele i koe i loko o ka blockade koa.

i na manao o na aoao elua

Na Soviets ike aku la i loko o ka Crimea, aʻano nui ma Sevastopol, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua. Me ka loaa ana o keia mea i loko o kona hoʻohana o ka Soviet Moana hiki e oi pono a me ka oi ana lawe mai i ka hana o ke kai, a ua pono no ka hou holomua o ka poʻe hao wale.

Germany mea i maopopo nö iä ia no ka Crimea i ka pono koena o ka mana. Hitler ike i ka Crimean kūpono 'KUMUMANAʻO NUI hana ke alakai i ka lilo ana o keia nui bridgehead. A, Adolf pinepine hoike hikiʻole, e lawelawe alaplpa i ka Red Army i loko o kēia wahi. Loa paha, ua ike mua i ka hopelessness o ke kulana, akāʻo ia i hou i'ē aʻe ka noʻonoʻoʻole. Hitler i ka mea e pale aku i ka Peninsula a hiki i ke kanaka hope, ma kekahi hihia, mai lawe ia i ka USSR. He manaoio Crimea mana iʻuʻumi iho i allies e like me Romania, Pulakalia a me Tureke e kokoke ana i Kelemânia, a me ka lilo ana o ka ukana, e koho e alakai i ka hookaheia'na o ke kākoʻo mai o allies.

Pela, ke Crimea ua nui loa no ka mea Soviet kaua. No ka Germany, ka mea, ua nui.

Omaka Crimean Kūpono '

Red Army kou akamai ua i ka wā hoʻokahi papakaukau hopena me ka akau (mai Syvash a me Perekopa) a me ka hikina (Kerch) hahai ka paepaeʻana KUMUMANAʻO NUI-oaio? A - Simferopol a me Sebastopol. Ma hope o ia, i kaʻenemi i ia e Wāwahi i loko o kaawale nā pūʻulu, a me ka luku, e pale aku i ka manawa kūpono o ka piʻoloke no Romania.

Ma Aperila 3, ka Soviet kaua, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kona kaumaha kaua, lukuʻenemi pakaua. Ma 7 April, i loko o ke ahiahi, reconnaissance, a hookupaa iho la ia i ka wahi o ka enemi koa i ua i. Ma April 8, hoomaka ae la ka Crimean hana. Mau lā o ka Soviet koa a pau i loko o ka ikaika kaua. E like me ka hopena o kaʻenemi ka pale aku ia lakou i i hookae mai. 11 April 19th Panzer mau pūʻali pomaikai ae la lakou i ka ho'āʻo mua i ka hopu Dzhankoy - kekahi o ka ke keʻena luna o kaʻenemi koa. Kelemānia a me ka Lomānia ho okumu i makau 'ia i hoomaka ai e kai, mai ke kūkulu'ākau, a me ka hikina (Kerch) i Simferopol a me Sebastopol.

Ma ka Ia lā ka Soviet koa hopu Kerch, laila, i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka hoomaau ana o ka emiʻenemi me ka maunakea. Wehrmacht koa hoomaka evacuating ma ke kai, akā, no ka Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua i hao i ka evacuees moku, kūpono ma ka fascist Ally koa i nalowale 8.100 kanaka.

April 13 i hoʻokuʻu i ke kulanakauhale Simferopol, Feodosia, Saki, Yevpatoria. I kekahi lā - Sudak, i ka lā ma hope ia - Alushta. Crimean ana i loko o ke Kaua Honua II i hele mai i ka hopena. Ka mea ua wale Sevastopol.

na makana guerrillas

A hoʻokaʻawale kumuhana o ke kamailio mea he guerrilla a me clandestine hana o Crimean. Crimean ana, ma ka pokole, ua i ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka poe koa, a me na guerrillas ma ka hoʻokō 'ana aku i ka like pahuhopu. E like me ke koho, he he huina o ma kahi o 4,000 kanaka. Nā Pahuhopu o ko lākou hana i ka luku ana o kaʻenemi ka hope, subversion, hamama palapala a me aeaciui ai, puʻu i ma na alanui mauna. Nā guerrillas wawahi hana ma Yalta awa, a nui huikau ka piʻoloke o Kelemānia a me ka Lomānia koa. Kaawale mai ke olonā wāwae o ka AIM o na hana o na guerrillas i hikiʻole i ka make ana o ka hana, amo poʻe a me nā kauhale.

Eia kekahi laʻana o kaʻeleu guerrilla hope. Ma April 11, i ka hee ana o ka 17th Army o ka Wehrmacht ma Sevastopol, na guerrillas hopu i ke kulanakauhale o Stary Krym, a me ka hopena e oki i ke alanui, e emi hope.

Kurt Tippelskirch - General o ka Wehrmacht - ka lā hope o nā kaua i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o ka hahai alanui: na guerrillas i ka hana i' Imi kōkua 'ana me ka Soviet poʻe kaua, a, e kokua ia lakou.

Sevastopol Sturm

By April 15, makahiki 1944, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu - Sevastopol. Hoomakaukau Ua hoomaka no ka hana ino mai. Ma ka manawa o ka hana ana i Odessa, a i paʻa i kekahi hapa o ka Dnieper-Carpathian. Odessa (a Crimean) ana, oiai i ka'ākau, a me ka akau-komohana mokuna o ka Black Sea i ua hookuu, i he nui na makana i ka A ia la aku.

Ka mua mau ho'āʻo e hoʻopio i ke kūlanakauhale o ka 19th, a me ka 23rd i lanakila. Ua hoomaka ae la e hōʻuluʻulu hou o nā koa, e like me lako ana o ka ai, a me ka wahie ammunition.

May 7, ma 10:30, me ka papakaukau ea kākoʻo, makani ino mai ai i ka Apana paa o Sevastopol. May 9, no ka Red Army mai ka hikina mai, kūkulu'ākau a me ka hema-hikina komo i ke kulanakauhale. Sevastopol i ua hookuu ia! Ke koe poʻe hao wale o ka Wehrmacht hoomaka ae la e emi hope, akā, ma Cape Chersonese i loaa ma ka 19th Panzer mau pūʻali, kahi ia i ke kaua hope loa, i kūpono i ka 17-ko koa i loa wawahiia, a me ka 21 000 koa (a me na luna) i lawe pio pu he lako a pan a me nā mea kaua.

hualoaʻa

Hope i Wehrmacht foothold i loko o ka Maikaʻi-Bank Ukraine, Aia i loko o ka Crimea, i loko o ka maka o ka 17th Army i luku. Irretrievably nalowale ua oi aku 100.000 Kelemānia a me ka Lomānia koa. Ua mau ka pōʻino nui i 140 tausani koa a me na ilamuku o na Wehrmacht.

No ka mea Red Army nalowale i ka make māinoino o ka hema olelo o ke alo. Aia i Ua i ka hoi ana mai o Sevastopol - i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua.

Akā, i ka mea nui wale nō - mea i ka Soviet Union ma hope o ka Crimean hana hoopaa iho ai i ka mana hoʻomalu ma loko o ka Black Sea kīʻaha. Kēia mea dramatically naueue i ka ikaika o nā kūlana hana Kelemānia ma Pulakalia, Romania a me Tureke.

Ka pahu kapu weliweli ke kaumaha i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou lāhui kanaka i loko o ka XX kenekulia - ka Nui Patriotic War. Crimean hana, e like me nā mea a pau na mea e ae, he maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka hoouka kaua a me ka papa kōnane o, akā, me he hopena o kēia mau clashes pepehi haneri o nā tausani a me kekahi manawa miliona o ko mākou poʻe kānaka. Crimean Kūpono 'ua he nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI pahuhopu waiho ma ka Soviet kauoha. Germany i loko o 1941-1942. 250 lā no ka hopu ana o Sevastopol. Soviet hao wale nele 35 lā, e wehe i nā mea a pau o ka Crimean Peninsula, 5 o ka mea i koi 'ia e ino Sebastopol. E like me ka hopena o ka holomua hana i hana 'ano kūpono no ka holomua o ka Soviet na puali koa ma ka Balkans.