Leonid Kravchuk: Kawaihae, kiʻi a me nā hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo o ke ola

Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich (hanau January 10, makahiki 1934) He Ukrainian politician, a me ka mua Peresidena o Ukraine, a i noho i loko o ka mana mai December 5, 1991 a hiki i kona resignation July 19, 1994 ka mea, ua hoi lunahoomalu o ka Verkhovna Rada a me kanaka ka hope o Ukraine, koho ma ka Social -demokraticheskoy aoao o Ukraine (hui).

I ka hopena o Western Ukraine - Leonid Kravchuk'āina - ma ka waena o ka hope kenekulia

Whereʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'kona' oihana, Leonid Kravchuk? Kawaihae, hoomaka ae la kona kauhale Large Zhitin ma Rivne māhele 'āina i loko o ka kua'āina ohana. A laila ka mea, ua ka Polish aina. I ka umi makahiki e hiki mai ana i loko o kā lākou mau'ōlelo aina Leni ekolu me ka mana i loli. Mua, ma September 1939 i ka hopena o ka liberation kai eʻe o ka Red Army ma komohana Ukraine, ka mea i hoohui ai i ka Ukrainian SSR. A laila, i loko o Iulai 1941 i ka aina no ka makahiki ekolu pio Nazi Germany. Eia hoi, ma ka Akuma ka makahiki 1944, no hoi ia ia ua hoʻi Soviet mana. Akā, ka mea hoʻohana wale i ka lā, a ma ka po Western Ukrainian mau kauhale ma lalo o ka Nationalist aupuni. A me keia hele ana no kekahi mau makahiki.

Noonoo pehea i kēia mau pilikia i lewa i loko o ke ano o ka kūloko kanaka, o ka oi aku i loko o ka hanauna kaikaina? E ola i loko o ia mau rula, mākou i ke aʻo i hūnā i ko lakou mau manao, e manaʻo i kekahi mea, a olelo kekahi, hilinaʻi i kekahi, ka mea e manaoio mai. A no laila, ka mea i hana i pau ka hanauna o ka puka paha-kaua Western Ukrainian wa uuku mai, i ka i ia no ka aina, a me Leonid Kravchuk.

kamaliʻi

Events o ke kaua ikaika loli i ka hopena mākou meʻe ka ohana a me ia iho no. Makua Lenny haku ai Kravchuk, ka mua a popoi lio luna o ka Polish Army a Polish hana i loko o ka colonists, Ua koho 'i loko o ka Red Army i ka makahiki 1944, a, he pōkole manawa e hana i kekahi kaua i loko o ka ia makahiki, i ke kau ana i kona poʻo i loko o Belarus.

Mother hele mai hoʻi i mareia, a pu me kona stepfather ua hiki ke ulu Leonid. Ka mea, i noho ai ma kaʻilihune, ka mea Leonid Kravchuk hoʻomanaʻo aʻela ia he kāmaʻaʻole, hele a hiki i ka hau mua. Naʻe, deprivation ua wale hui ma ke ano o ka pelekikena wā e hiki mai.

makahiki o ka like

Ma hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, Leonid Kravchuk, neʻe i ke kulanakauhale, a hele i Rivne Free College. E like me ia ia ia, pu me ka hoa haumāna,ʻo ia ka haehaeʻia i ka lumi me i nā mea lawelawe. A laila, i ka 1953, ua noho mai ka kulanui me ka hanohano,ʻo ia ua kuleana e komo me ka hookolokolo ana i loko o ka Kiev State University ma ka'āuna kumu o ka 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai.

Study ua ole oluolu, ka hoʻonaʻauao ua 24 rubles (aole nae a me ka aina awakea i loko o ka haumāna haleʻaina loaʻa 50 keneta!). I mea e ola, ma ka po o ka haumana hele e unload kaa me ka paʻahau ka iʻa i ka iʻa aaioee laau kahi kokoke. I ka wā e hiki mai Peresidena, Leonid Kravchuk, noho iho la ia ma ka dormitory lumi no ka 12 kanaka, akā, e hoʻokele e aʻo mai "maikaʻi" a loaa ka mahuahua stipend - 30 rubles kāinoa mua.

Wale i ka wa e ola halawai

Ke kulanui Leonid halawai mai la me ia i kona wā e hiki mai ka wahine. Beautiful Slim sumchanka Tonya Tinsel koke polonium o kona naau. Ka mea, i ka hailona i ka ho'ānoʻole, nā kupu ae la me ka makua, puka 'o ia mai ke kulanui me ka hanohano, a komo aku la i ke kulanui me ka ninaninau. Tonya pānaʻi mai Leonid, mai ka papa mua, hoomaka ae la ka lalau malama ana ia ia, i loko o ka lumi kuke o ka haumāna i sayings no ka elua, a me Leonid ho'āʻo e kiʻi i ka perk, ma kahi hiki, e hoʻopiha i kā lākou Bedroom.

Ke aupuni Ua hoʻomaka 'nui loli, a me ka mea, hopu i loko o ke kahawai o Kiev haumāna. I ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka puupaa aina, ka Leonid a me Tonya ma hope o ke kolu o ka papa hele i Kostanai oblast o aneea oneiaey, kahi ana i hana me ke kaʻa kauō Keaukaha, Noho i ka pō i loko o ke anu halelewa a hiki i ka hopena o Akuma ka. Here Leonid anu, ai paakiki i kona nalowale ike a me ka aneane make. Tonya mālama iā ia, ka mea i loaʻa i ke kaʻa, a i ka punahele i loko o ka haukapila, i kahi ana i loaa hou ai. Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana, mai ka'āina puupaa Leonid a me Tonya ua mare. Marriage ia kŰlń ao i ka keia manawa.

mua 'oihana

I ka 1958, Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich puka 'o ia mai KSU, a ua māhele ma Chernivtsi, kahi āna i heluhelu i ka pili aupuni hoʻokele waiwai o ke kālā kulanui.

Ilihune ka noho, a ua alualu ia e Leonid like ino pomaikai. Mākou iā ia i loko o ka wahine o ka hokele kaʻahele, pono i ka "ula kihi". No ka poe i opiopio, a ike ole i ia mea, hoomaopopo. No laila, i loko o Soviet kulanui kapaia kūikawā ( 'ole-noho) pa, hoʻonaniʻia me ka Soviet hōʻailona (he bust o Lenin, ka hae (ina mea ua), na palapala, pennants a me nā kailaʻae o ka Soviet Aloha Hawaii). No ka mea, o ka oi aku e e holo i loko o ka wahine o ka poho iho paha 'Ia, ka kumu opiopio i na kakahiaka a pau, a me na po, e holo a puni ka kūlanakauhale hale i loko o ka lehulehu restroom e holoi, kahi me ka pahi, a ua hana i ka mea maoli e pono ai. Fun? Just maikaʻi Quotes. Akā, Leonid hoʻomanawanui i kēia hainā na makahiki ekolu.

'aoʻao' oihana

Eia hoi, i ka 1960, he keiki kālai'āina economist i kekahi i loko o ka kūloko aoao hui, a i laila 'o ia i ka Hale o Kalaiaina Education Point, a kumu aʻo. Kēia i hahai ma ka hoolilo ana i ka mokuna o ka Chernivtsi Regional Komite o ka Communist Party. Eia mākou meʻe i aoao 'oihana no maluna o 7 makahiki, e ala ana i ka lāʻau kū o ka luna o ka oihana o ka' āina 'aoao kōmike propaganda.

Next i ka maʻamau ala o ka Soviet Union he nui aoao hana. Mua ekolu makahiki o nā haʻawina puka ma ka Academy o Social Sciences ma lalo o ka CPSU Central Komite, laila, he umikumamawalu makahiki o gradual hiki aku ma nā kaua o ke Komite Central o ka Communist Party a ke poo o ka Oihana o ka propaganda o ke Komite Central, laila, ke poo o ka oihana o ke ideology. Kravchuk lilo ke kakauolelo o ka Central Komite, a ma ka 'aoʻao o ka Ukrainian kaomi i kapaʻia no ka malama ana o Ukraine i loko o ka USSR. I ka piko o kona 'aoʻao' oihana - he wale nô ma ka Politburo, a me ka lāʻau kū o ka lua o ke kakauolelo o ka Communist Party o Ukrainian.

Like Kravchuk lilo i ka Luna hoomalu o ka Verkhovna Rada

Ma hope o kona hoʻomaha loa 'ana ma 1989, hoa Brezhnev Vladimir Shcherbytskyi Ukrainian Communist Party alai ae ia e kekahi kanaka maoli o Poltava Vladimir Iwashko nana i ka aoao' oihana i loko o ka Kharkiv māhele 'āina. I ka makahiki 1990, Ukraine paʻa hale kanawai ke koho. Iwashko Ua koho ka Hope o Kiev. Mai ka hapanui o na lunakanawai, he Communists, ia mea nō maoli i ka lunahoomalu o ka hale kanawai i loko o June 1990, ka mea i koho i ke poo o ka aoao, 'o ia hoʻi, Iwashko. Ma hope o ia, ma ka uhane o ka manawa, ua koho aku lakou i ka hou poo o ka Communist Party o S. Hurenko no laila, i ke poʻo o ka hale kanawai, a alakai mau koa ua i ka hookahi kanaka.

A Hope mai ka Communist Party, Ua koho Kravchuk a me Leonid Kravchuk. Kona Kawaihae hiki pono ole i na mea e kamahaʻo hanana'ē aʻe, ina Iwashko i malama i ole e hana i ka ona e ka lapuwale, pāʻani i kuleana kūlana i loko o kona olaʻana a me ka wā e hiki mai o ko mākou meʻe. Ka mea o ia i ka manawa Peresidena o ka USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, a ma ka hui pu ana, a me ke kakauolelo nui o ka All-Union Communist Party, e kakali ana i ke ala e pakele o ko lākou mau aoao dute, ke aikane e hōʻike mua Western luna (i ka poe ana i ke akea cringed) wale nō i loko o ka palapala o ka moku'āina, a me ka ole Communist alihi kaua. No laila, i hele mai ai me ka houʻoihana i loko o ka aoao - mua Hope kakauolelo mau - a ua kono ia Iwashko ia me ka ike ana o ka lilo ana i ka hiki mai ana kakauolelo nui o ka aoao malalo a hiki i ka abolition o ka hegemony o ka Soviet Union. Iwashko maopopo ole "prointuichil", a hāpai ka pilikia ia koho, hōʻole i Verkhovna Rada lunahoomalu Mail a me ka haʻalele i Moscow.

Kona hana hunaahi outrage lunakanawai. First Kakauolelo o ka Ukrainian Communist Party Hurenko i lawe mai ai i ka hakahaka lāʻau kū o ka lua o ke kakauolelo o ke Komite Central o ka Communist Party o Ukraine Kravchuk. Kona huahelu ua maopopo heʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai. Ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, ua he aoao hana i credible e kākoʻo ana-Communist-hoonaaukiekie oe lunakanawai, ma o ka 'ē aʻe lima - o ka lāhui' ōiwi komohana Ukrainians, a, e like me ka lunakanawai o ka nationalist, ua he kumu hoʻomalu o kona kuokoa Moscow mau kūkulu 'ia mai. O ka holo ana ma luna o ka moku'āina kuokoa o Ukraine ina ole kekahi i olelo mai ai me ka leo nui.

July 23, 1990 Kravchuk lilo i ka Luna hoomalu o ka Aha Soviet o ka Ukrainian SSR, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka palena iki poʻo o ka repubalika.

Luna hoomalu o ka hale kanawai - koho pelekikena

ʻO wai ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo i ka pilikia manawa ma hope o ka vicissitudes a pau o ka makahiki i ka hala 25? A laila, a me ka waiho ana o Gorbachev 'Imi ana no i ka manaʻo o ka hou hui kuikahi ma waena o nā republics ec ka Soviet Union. Proponents o keia hoʻokokoke mai ua hana a Kravchuk i kue i nationalist alakaʻi V. Chornovil, ka luna o ka neʻeʻana "People ka Honua", i hoike aku au i kapaʻia no ka OAAIeOO o Ukraine, mai ka Soviet Union.

A hiki ma hope o ka 'ana o ka mana i loko o ka'āina, mai ka coup coup ma August 1991, ae hoomau ana e hea aku i kaʻaeʻana ma lalo o ka Central pekelala Aupuni. Penei, ma ka halawai o ka Verkhovna Rada o August 19, Kravchuk mai la: "Ma Ukraine, he moku'āina o ka pilikia ua i komo. Nolaila, ke hoʻomau i ka hana i ko lakou maʻamau hana i loko o ka oia e like. "

A wale ma August 24, i ka wa a na lala o ka pilikia Komite i loko o ka hale paʻahao hoi au i ka wā Soviet Pelekikena Mikhail Gorbachev, e olelo ana i na lunakanawai o ka Aha Kukamalu, i akea hōʻino iā lākou, a me Boris Yeltsin ma ka podium akau ma ka ia halawai, kakauinoa i ka olelo paa Ka Hoʻopāpā ka Communist Party - wale alakaʻi o ka Verkhovna Rada, alai ae e Kravchuk ma lalo o ka puʻuwai ka hapanui o na lunakanawai i hele e e i ka hale, e koho i ka Hōʻike, ma ka moku'āina ea o Ukraine, a i maliuʻia.

Soon Ukrainian Kumukanawai i hoololiia e hana i ka lāʻau kū o ka Peresidena. Kravchuk Ua aeia koho pelekikena mana, a pela e lilo ai i ka Mai de facto a de na jure poo o ka moku'āina. I ka hookahi makahiki, December 5, 1991, o ka poe koho formally kohoia e ka Peresidena o Ukraine no ka mea mua loa koho pelekikena koho i loko o ka mea ana i luku Vyacheslav Chornovil me slogans makauliʻi o ka pili aloha me Rusia, e like me ka mālama 'ana o ka hookahi lahui waiwaiʻano papa hana i loko o ka lāʻau kū-Soviet ka lewa.

Kravchuk Keʻena Pelekikena

Eia naʻe kekahi o ia ua haʻi mai slogans mua o ka koho, oia ua i hooko mai. ʻOiai Kravchuk a pūlima i ka 'aelike ma hanaia'na o ka Moscow, akā, hana iho la oia a pau i ka Verkhovna Rada i ole aponoia kona Kanawai. karbovanets - Ma Ianuali 1992, he hou Ukrainian kālā i hoʻolauna. Ua kauoha ae la i ka aoao maoli wanaao ae? Aneiai ano laulea me ka poe hui o Ukrainian hana i loko o ka Soviet Union, no laila, ua uhi ka aina i ka maoli inflationary ino, i loko o ka hope ekolu makahiki. Inā ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 1991 "SKB manao hana nona iho" ke alakaʻi i lunaʻenehana uku (Dnepropetrovsk) ua ma kahi o 200 Soviet rubles, ma 1994 ma ka lāʻau kū o CMC "Yuzhvetroenergomash" ka luna hoʻomalu, ka mea, ua ma kahi o 2 miliona. Karbovancev i ka hola o ka ia ke kūʻaiʻana mana, 'o ia hoʻi, .e. i ke kālā i loko o na lako o ka aina i ulu ma ka ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 10,000 manawa.

Hana massively pani, ua huli i ka alanui o Ukrainian kūlanakauhale i loko o makeshift bazaars kahi kanaka i imi, e kuai lilo aku no i pittance pilikino a pau a me ko ka hale ona mau. Mai ka home i ka makeke, a hoʻi a hiki i na makaainana, e haawi aku i ka waiwai ma ka huila hale kaʻa i kanaka aptly christened "kravchuchkami". Ke aupuni ua hoʻomaka kokeʻolokaʻa aʻela i loko o ka lua. Ma kēia mau ana, i ka Ukrainian waiwai ua hele, e kali i ka mana o ka Peresidena, a me ka hale kanawai, maalo ae la oia i ka nui mana o ke Kuhina Nui e lawelawe, a me ka pono, e hoopuka aku kānāwai i i ka mana o ke kānāwai. No laila, a pau-mana Kuhina Nui e lawelawe ai ua Leonid Kuchma. O ka holo ana, i waena ona a me ka Peresidena o ke kaua, i kūpono i ke Kuhina Nui mua haʻalele nō naʻe i loko o ka hopena o ka makahiki 1993, a laila, me ke kākoʻo o ka waiwai i loko o hikina Ukraine, ua i mai o ka kekahi koho pelekikena ke koho i loko o ka mea ana i ua hee o e Leonid Kravchuk. Photo o kona Keʻena Pelekikena au ua hoike mai ia ma lalo nei.

Ke pili aupuni kiʻi o Leonid Kravchuk

Once ma ka TV hōʻike nei pepehi ma Kiev mea kākau a me ka kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Olés Buzina Kravchuk noi pehea la ia, he kahiko aliʻi ideologist o ka Communist Party,ʻikeʻia no kona kaua ana i ka Ukrainian nationalists ke olelo aku nei au i keia mea, o ko lakou mau Ally, a hiki i ka follower. Ma ia Leonid Makarovich, "ole sumnyashesya" wahi a: "Znaєte scho? His Dumka mіnyaє ole he ino abo, abo make. Au au i na mea au e hana i Lots Other ".

E like me ka ke kūpili o Kravchuk, a pau e i ole e haʻalele i ko lākou hilinaʻi, e uku no lakou i ko lakou mau ola, he poe naaupo. Ma kona lōʻihi kālai'āina ola oia mau maneuvering, hoʻololi kālai'āina pale mai. I ka pau ana o ka 2004, ke kūkā 'ana me Yushchenko, oia kākoʻo Yanukovych (no ka i ka mea, i, ma ke alanui, i nele i ka inoa o Honorary Kauka o ka Kiev-Mohyla Academy), a laila, i ka 2009 ke koho i kekahi hoa o Yulia Tymoshenko,ʻo ia enemi Yanukovych.

Ua, i kona wahi ua lilo hou a oi'ano'ē pono, neʻe maila kokoke i ka manao o Frank Russophobia. No laila, i ka hope manawa hele mai la ia i ka wahi i Ukraine e hookaawale i ka Donbass ma ka mea e ole ai kona palapala hopena ma luna o ka Ukrainian lāhui kanaka. 'O kēia ke ala i ka mea kahiko pili commissar o ka Ukrainian Communist Party, he ahi loio, ka mea i hea mai kiʻekiʻe lunatausani i proletarian internationalism a me ka launa hoahanau o nā lāhui kanaka, a me ka manawa o ka Mai de facto kuwaho o ka segregation i pili aupuni a me nā aupuni kai.

Kravchuk e pili ana i na kanaka

I pōkole, mākou meʻe 'aʻole e like me na kanaka. Kēia pili i ka waiwai, a me ka na kanaka. Like no me ka waiwai, e ka loa hai ana mamuli o ka haawi Vladimir Litvin, i kekahi mau makahiki aku nei, ia ia i ua lunahoomalu o ka Verkhovna Rada o lakou, i kekahi o kona mau olelo ma kīwī Kravchuk kapa i kēia kino i "Palapala Sila Nui i ka 'oihana pili aupuni wahine."

Hōʻailona o ka mea mua Ukrainian Maidan 2004 Grandma Paraska Koroljuk akea Kalanimanuia Kravchuk, a hiki ho'āʻo, e hoomaopopo aku i ko lakou heluia, no ka mea, i ka hana, no laila ia i haʻakoi e hoʻi i hope mai ia ma lalo o ka malu o ke ola. He hapa o ka pilina o ka maʻamau kanaka.

Akā, Leonid Makarovich mau ia e ka darling o ka Media, ia mea he paʻa mau loa i loko o na mea he nui TV E hoike mai, oia mau no ka noho ma luna o ka presidium Usenet lehulehu i ka lawelawe i ka hoʻolālā, i loko o nā hua'ōlelo - mea ma ka maka o Ukrainian kālai'āina coterie.

Kekahi pukana ua i kahalalo 'ia ma ka noonoo ana i kona kino - o, i mea he lāhui Kravchuk Leonid Makarovich? Kona maoli inoa, e like me kekahi mau kumu, ia mea,ʻaʻole Kravchuk, a me Blum, 'ole. E. He allegedly Iudaio. Akā, i kēia mau 'ikepili i loa questionable. Real inoa Leonid Kravchuk, loa paha, i ka kekahi ma ka i ana i uaʻikeʻia a puni ka honua.