Macrolides. Mea Maluna (kalaka nui-kemikala, ma kona ano maoli, a azalides)

Macrocyclic lactone apo - o ke kumu o ka Nine Inch 'ole o ka pae ana o antibiotics macrolides. Na Mea Maluna komo ai kaawale ana ma ka 14, 15 a me ka 16-Aupuni Lālā a. Mau antibiotics i manaoia e ia i ka meaʻuʻukuʻawahia.

Macrolides. Mea Maluna maʻano o ke kumu

Natural macrolides:

Macrolide "Erythromycin" - keia o ka mua bacteriostatic antibiotic, a ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka pae nui. Ua Ua loaa i ka makahiki 1952 mai Streptomyces erythreus - lepo actinomycetes. No ka mea, macrolide "Erythromycin" i ka waiwai o ka reversibly paa i ribosomal 50S-subunit, ia aʻe ke kahua o kaʻakika'amino paa ana ma waena o'aminoʻakika nā lātoma o ke ano a me ka hanaʻia ka paleʻana kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala o like microorganisms. Penei antibiotic "Erythromycin" 'aʻole i ho ololi i ka hoʻololi kemikala (hui) nukelea nāʻakika. Ma kiʻekiʻe nā māhele, ma ka manao o kekahi mauʻano o ka koʻohune i i ka bactericidal hopena.

Macrolide "Spiramycin" - o ka antibiotic i ua loko mai Streptomyces ambofaciens actinomycetes,ʻo ia - i ka mua o ka pae ana o 16-Aupuni Lālā a macrolides. Lactone apo - o ka mall muli o ka la hoomalolo "Spiramycin". Ua ninoieo o 16 kalapona nā'ātoma (C) e i i i pili ekolu carbohydrate koena: mycarose, mycaminose a me ka forosamine. Hoomakaukau ka i loko o kona haku mele 'ana spiramycinʻeleu waiwai māhele ma Canada, Roma Amerika a meʻEulopa.

Macrolide "Josamycin" - he antibiotic, he 'elele pūʻulu o 16-Aupuni Lālā a macrolides. Hua mai la ia e Streptomyces narbonensis. He mai he kanawai o bactericidalʻano. Ua inhibits kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala o ka hui, ua ālai 'ka laka RNA (amo) a pili i ka 50S-ribosomal subunitʻili lahilahi, i laila ka paleʻana i ka wehe ana o peptides, mai ka piko A. Ke aeia'ku nei ia i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka maʻi ma ka hāpai keiki.

Kalaka nui-kemikala macrolides:

Macrolide "Roxithromycin" - keia o ka mua kalaka nui-kemikala 14-Aupuni Lālā a atibiotik. Ua Ua loko mai o ka macrolide "Erythromycin". Hiʻona o nā hale a haawi ia i kekahi ia'ku oi aku i nāʻakika, microbiological a hou pharmacokinetic kiko'î.

Macrolide "Clarithromycin" - he 14-Aupuni Lālā a antibiotic, macrolide derivative "Erythromycin". Ua Ua hou ia'ku i nāʻakika, a hou pharmacokinetic a me antibacterial waiwai.

Natural-antibiotic macrolides e loa hana ku e Gram-oluʻolu, kekahi Gram-io a me ka intracellular microorganisms. A kēia macrolides e like me kalaka nui-kemikala, oi hana ku e Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, anaerobic microflora a me ka maʻi palū bacillus.

A eia ka mea hope, o ka azalides - ka hope hanauna macrolides:

Antibiotic "Azithromycin" pili i kekahi subclass azalides i mea iki okoa ma ka 'ole mai o kaʻike mau macrolides. Ke komo lima i loko o ka macrolide "Azithromycin" ole lactone, akā, i ka 15-Aupuni Lālā a. Kislotoustoychivot mea maoli i ka 300 manawa like me ka antibiotic, "Erythromycin".

Macrolides. Mea Maluna o nā hanauna:

1st - ai ' "oleandomycin" "Erythromycin";
2nd - macrolides "Roxithromycin", "Spiramycin", "Josamycin", "midecamycin", "Clarithromycin";
3rd - macrolide "Azithromycin".

Nāʻikepili macrolide pūʻulu o antibiotics. Mea Maluna o ka Maʻi

ʻO ka mea aloha ia i ka ÷ naehana hanu'ōnaehana: huʻi sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit, kaiāulu-loaa pneumonia, exacerbation o bronchitis, whooping cough, diphtheria.

Skin a me ka pahee'aʻaʻa: syphilis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, chancroid, huehue.

Una lua: periodontitis a me periostitis.

Digestive'ōnaehana: Campylobacter gastroenteritis, he'ōpū ulcer.

No hoi macrolides hoʻohana 'ia no ka Kāohiʻana o nā kēia mau maʻi: pertussis, meningitis, rheumatic kuni, endocarditis.