Makua o ka moʻolelo, Herodotus. I ka waiwai o kona "History" i kona wā a me ka hope haumana

About mea, i kapaia o ka makua kāne o ka moolelo, aia ka he wahi lihi iki o ke kaao, a me ka lono. Ua ua olelo mai ia ma ka paʻi i kana hana, oia ua loaʻa i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka mōʻaukala me ka maoli 'epekema, kākau i ka mea, ua ai kū hoʻokahi i kānakaʻepekema i aneane i ole haalele iho la na haumana wahi i ka controversial minute ma kana mau hana, a laila, hoʻohuli iā ia i loko o ka' epekema hoopaapaa . Oia ka lōʻihi iaiyoe hiki ke loaʻa i ka maoli kū hoʻokahi i loko o ko lakou ano iho, nä känaka 'epekema, e waiho ana i ka loa nui noiʻi i loko o ko lākou mau kula. A me kekahi o kēia mau kānakaʻepekema ua ka Herodotus nui, ka mea i noho ma ka Makamua Greece ma ka 5th kenekulia BC, a ua pono hoʻolimalima i ka inoa kapakapa o ka makua kāne o ka mōʻaukala.

Herodotus a kālaiʻike

Herodotus inoa Ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka mōʻaukala i loko o ka 'epekema kahiko a me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia. Ka buke o kona hoʻoilina mea hiki ole ke ike mai i ka wahi o ka Hawaii o kēia moʻolelo, no ka mea, no mākou i ka mooolelo a me Ka Ikepili o ka mōʻaukala hanana - mea he Logical, a kūlohelohe. Muli o kona kulana i kekahi ao e noho ana i ke au kahiko o Helene.

Mawaena o ka Greek poe akeakamai Kīwala'ō ma lalo o ka manaʻo i ka mea i ike hiki wale nō e ikaika. Ka mea, Ua hoʻomōhala i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o maoliʻike manaʻo, ignoring i ka nohona a me ka mōʻaukala realities. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka hala ana o na kanaka - he Ka Ho' Oponopono hana, mai no ka manawa mea transient, a, no laila, mōʻaukala mea unknowable.

Herodotus a me kona "Mōʻaukala"

Satirist Lucian wehewehe mea Herodotus loaʻa kaulana i pono eha lā. No ka, loihi ka manawa i hana ia ma kona iho, hōʻike no ka hala ana o ka ecumene. Makua i noho ai i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka poe Halicarnassus, kahi no ka lōʻihi manawa hana ma luna o ka ohi a me Ka Ikepili o ka hiki ole no ia mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo, i ka mea, ke alakaʻi i ke kaua. Ma hope o hoʻopau i kana hana, hele aku la ia i Olympia, kahi ma ka manawa o ka nâ Pâʻani 'Olumepika i ekemu ae. Aia Herodotus i olelo mai ai i ka hoolohe ana i loko o ka luakini o Dia, a haawi aku la ia i ka lehulehu heluhelu o kana hana. I ka lohe ana, ua ai hoohikilele au ia ma ka ike a me ka outlining i kona mau hala, i koke häʻawi mai ai iä eiwa puke o i i "mōʻaukala" Herodotus, na inoa o na musesʻeiwa. Ma ka pau ana o ka Competition ke anaina e hoihoi i ka nui o na hana a me nā haʻuki successes punahele poe koa e ae, he nuiʻaoʻao hou o Herodotus hanaia'na.

Herodotus ma ka honua kahiko

Lucian ua he Contemporary o Herodotus ole, kona mau memo i kākau ai ma hope, eono haneri makahiki ma hope o ka make ana o ka Helene nui. No laila, he nui no nā lāliʻi o kona moʻolelo i kekahi mau mea pohihihi. Ua mea olelo lealea i ka makua kāne o ka moolelo ke heluhelu akea i ka "History" a hiki i ka lehulehu ma o ka piha mana. A pau kana hana mea hou ma mua o ka "Iliad" a me ka "Odyssey" hui. Eia hou, i kekahi mau haumana hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i keia monumental hana koe paʻa hapa. "History" o Herodotus hōʻikeʻano welau a me ka loa o ka hooko ana o Peresia. Kekahi mokuna i ola i loko o ka palapala o nā loulou, a ia pauku wale.

Haumana o Herodotus Thucydides ua kauoha aku noʻonoʻo, akā, na nā loina o kona mau mea i hōʻike, i loko o 'ana i loko o ka "Punic War Bay", pono okoa mai i kekahi mea i kākauʻia e Herodotus. Kona "History o ka Punic Wars" kākau i loko o ka loa okoaʻaoʻao,ʻaʻole mau, akā, e hōʻoleʻia kāna i nā theses o kona, hoʻokomo.

Anʻauhau'ēʻaʻe hōʻoiaʻiʻo nō o ka laha hiʻona o Herodotus i e mimicking kona mau moʻolelo i loko o ka comedies o Aristophanes. E hoolaulea, ka mea, ke paakiki, e hana i kekahi parody ma muli ma e hoʻohoka 'ole unpopular puke. Bust o ka noiʻi mua i loko o ka hala kenekulia ua waihona kaulana o Pergamon. He nui nā makahiki ma hope, Aristotle hoʻoleʻa i ka hana o Herodotus, hōʻike no ka mea, e like me he kumu hoʻohālike o ka mea kākau moʻolelo maikaʻi loa.

Makua o ka moʻolelo a me ka hana kemika o ka makua?

hiki wawe e inā i ka inoa o ka makua kāne o ka moolelo me keʻano o ka pôhili. A o ka poe ana i haawi mai i kona wā, a me ka wā e hiki mai noiʻi. Me ka like nā pono kīvila ka mea hewaʻiʻo i ka inoa o ka "makua kāne o ka moolelo", "hana kemika o ka makua kāne", "ka makua kāne o ka ethnography." Kela o kona mōʻaukala puke ua mua ia e ka pōkole prologue, a wehewehe i ka Leeuwerikplein wahi, inoa, a me na aoao o na kanaka, a e e kūkākūkā. No ka laʻana, hōʻike no ke kai eʻe o Xerxes ma Sparta, Herodotus 'aʻole i poina i ka hōʻike i nā artisans i hana' inikua Kallateb ma ka mauna, a me ke kamailio e pili ana i na holoholona hihiu e noho ana ma ia manawa i loko o ka Palani nahele. Aʻano o ka 'ike - oiaio, a invented, ho'ākāka' ia ma ia mau mea me ka ia malama me inā kā lākou mau mamo mohai e maopopo i nā intricacies o ka oiaio a me ka fiction.

nani küpinaʻi

Akā, nā mōʻaukala kula 'aelike ma luna o kekahi mea - i Herodotus i ke kanaka mua nana i haawi mai i ka mōʻaukala o ke kūlana o ka' epekema, ma ka prism o kana hana Roman, medieval a me ka hope alakaʻi i ke kula, e wehewehe i ka moolelo o kona iho modernity. I ka loaʻa o kana mau hana i loko o ka pakebona i ka hou impetus i ka hoomaopopo ana o kahiko moʻomeheu. Ka mōʻaukala hana o Herodotus Lūkini kula i aloha kuaiia Karamzin, ka mea i loaʻa ai paipai 'o ka panina kākau i waena o kona wā.