Mea kākau Lion Feuchtwanger: A Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

Lion Feuchtwanger Ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka hou palapala, ai 'ana i ka mōʻaukala Romance philology. Ma kana mau hana, na manaʻo ma ka hopena o ka manaʻo kanaka ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o? Acaeoey hiki ke Hahai I maopopo ia laua me nā hanana likeʻole e hiki i ka mea o kēia au nei. No emi hana hoihoi 'o ke Kawaihae o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, i mea e noho ana ma ka hana koa, a me ka "buke Autos" a me ka paa i ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai, a me ka oi.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Lion Feuchtwanger Ua hānauʻia ma ka la 7 o Iulai, 1884 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia o Munich, ke keiki a kekahi waiwai industrialist Sigmund Feuchtwanger a me Johanna Bodenheimer, a ua i ka mua o eiwa keiki. Kona makua kāne a me kona makuwahine, he Orthodox Iudaio, a me ke keiki, mai ka manawa'ōpio wale nō i loko o-hohonu, ka naauao o ka hoomana a me ka moʻomeheu o kona poe kanaka. Ma hope o ke kula, Lion Feuchtwanger komo i ke Kulanui o Munich, kahi āna i aʻo i ke kahua o ka "moʻokalaleo" a me ka "kālaiʻike". He laila, neʻe i Pelelina, e lawe i ka papa o Kelemānia philology a me Sanskrit.

I ka 1907, Lion Feuchtwanger loaa i ka PhD me ka ia hoʻi hoʻolaʻa i ka huina hoonui o Genriha Geyne "Baharahsky Rabi."

koke 'oihana

I ka makahiki 1908, Feuchtwanger hoʻokumu i ka moʻomeheu Magazine "aniani". he pōkole ke ola kēia paiia i, a ma hope o ke kala ana o ka 15 keena i oki ia nei ma muli o ke kālā pilikia.

I ka makahiki 1912, i ka wā e hiki mai kaulana kākau moʻolelo mare i ke kaikamahine o ka waiwai Iudaio kalepa Martha Leffler. A ka mea, ua hiki ole e hūnā i ka lā o ka ahaaina, mai nā hoaʻai a me ka wahine mare i hapai. A mau mahina ma hope ma March i hanau i ke kaikamahine, ka mea i make koke ma hope o ka hanau ana.

Ma November 1914, Feuchtwanger kapa i like me ka reservist. Naʻe, ka mea koke huli mai i ia mea,ʻaʻole pono a pau me ka ola kino, a me ka mea kākau i ke koena. Ma hope o ke kaua,ʻo ia halawai Brecht, a me ka mea ana i pepehi aku i ke aloha i ana a me kona make ana Feuchtwanger.

Kawaihae a hiki i ka makahiki 1933

Lion Feuchtwanger i kekahi o ka mea mua, e hai i ka pilikia posed ma ka National Socialism. Back i ka 1920 ka mea, ua mua ia ma ka satirical alanui hooku iho la ia i ka mea ikea o ka auwana Iudaio, a wehewehe Anati-Semitism. Eia hou, alaila, haawi mai i kūlike loa ano o ka "mea eleele Munich" i loko o ka puke "Oka," ma a ka protagonist Rupert Kuttsnera maopopo pūʻolo hiʻona Adolf Hitler.

Ma hope o kekahi mau hana o Feuchtwanger i ua paʻi waho o Hawaii, ka mea, ua lilo loa mahalo i loko o nā'āinaʻEulopa he nui loa. E like me ka hopena, oia i kono i na kulanui, e hoopakele haʻi'ōlelo.

I Nowemapa 1932 ka mea, ua i loko o Lākana. Aia hoi e kali i kekahi mau mahina, a laila, e hele i ka USA, kahi āna i hele aku ai no hoi oia i ka haʻi'ōlelo. Ke'ī mai, i ka manawa o ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Nazis Lion Feuchtwanger mea waho Germany. E hoʻolohe i nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē o hoa, ka mea kākau moʻolelo hoʻoholo e noho i loko o ka Palani kūlanakauhale o Sanary-Sura,-Mer, a ma laila he uuku panalaau ia o Kelemānia nā meaʻeʻe moku ka mea i mahuka no ka mea, o ka lakou ma ka hoomaau no ka manaʻo politika a me nā hui pili koko kumu. Mai ka English-'ōlelo unuhi o Feuchtwanger ka puke paʻiʻia ma ka nui a paʻi, alakai aku la oia i kaʻoluʻolu ola me kana wahine, o Mareta, ka mea i kona malama pono kumu i loko o nā mea a pau e pili ana.

Kawaihae Feuchtwanger ma mua o ka elua World War

Ia manawa, ma ka Germany Feuchtwanger ka inoa iʻikeʻia i loko o ka papa inoa o nā kākau nona ka puke i ke ahi,ʻo ia i wehe i kona kupa, a me kona waiwai.

Me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha i National Socialism ua i ke kumu no ka pono o ka mea kākau i loko o ka Soviet Union. Stalinist propaganda hiki ole e hala ia i ka manawa, a kono Feuchtwanger ka kipa i Moscow, e like me ka huakaʻi i ke aupuni ma ka mea e ike ai me ko lakou mau maka ka holomua i i ke ao nei ka mua "moku'āina o nā hana a me nā kauwa." E like me kekahi hapa o ka huakai a hiki i ka USSR mea kākau i nīnauele na luna o na kanaka.

Kona hoi ana i Farani, Lyon Feuchtwanger, o kona mau puke ma ka Soviet Union koke hoomaka ae la e hoolaha miliona o kope, paʻi i ka hālāwai ninaninau me Stalin. Eia hou, i palapala mai ai i ka puke "Moscow. 1937 ", i kaʻana meʻEulopa heluhelu i kona hihio o ke ola i loko o ka USSR. Ma kona 'aoʻao, la oia ia mau hana ana i like me kā ma waena o nā mea āna i hōʻike, a me ka moku'āina o na mea i loko o Germany. Ma keia hoʻohālike, no ka hapanui loa ia huli mai e ia i loko o ka lokomaikaʻi o ka mea hope.

e pakele ai

I ka 1940, Kelemānia lākou poʻe kaua hele i loko o Farani. Lion Feuchtwanger like me ka mea mua German kamaaina wau i interned i loko o ka'ōlelo Farani poʻe koa i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Le Mill. E like me ka pomaikai ana o ke Wehrmacht Army i maopopo i ka hapanui o na paahao alo ka make, ina ka mea, i loko o E kuai oukou mokuna. A laila, i hoolilo i kekahi i hoomoanaʻi kokoke i Nimes kekahi o ia mau mea. Aia Lion Feuchtwanger a me kana wahine i kokua i ke kookoo o ke kauoha 'Amelika. Ka mea, e loaʻa ia palapala wahahee, a, hoʻonalonalo i like me ka wahine mea kākau, mai o ka aina. Ma keia hihia, Lyons a me kana wahine i ke hele ma na makou, e like me ka mea mua no ka lōʻihi manawa pee ana ma Marseilles, a laila, ua kiola, e auhele nawaena o Sepania, a Portugal.

Life i loko o ka USA

I ka 1943, Lion Feuchtwanger, nona ka puke, ua like mahalo i loko o ka United States, a noho i loko o ka Kauhale "holaKahua" ma Kaleponi. Aia, ka mea i hana paakiki, a hana i kona loa hana hoihoi hana. Eia hou kekahi, ma muli o ia ka uku nui uku ia no ka luna hoʻopuka a me o Nuioka ma, o kona mau novels hakuloli no ka pale, Feuchtwanger ohi'āina hoʻohiwahiwa waihona oia hoi o oi aku mamua o 20 000 puke.

Inā ka Nazis inaina i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o nā hui pili koko kumu, i kēia ka postwar US o Communist sympathies. Iloko o keia manawa, hookahi manawa hou i waho me ka predictor o ka hiki ana i Feuchtwanger, no ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o ka "kilokilo i hoʻohālua", i palapala mai ai i ka hula "ka hilahila o ka naau, a me ke diabolo i ka Boston," i olelo mai e ku e ia i ke kaua anu, a me nā kiʻina hana o ka hoahānau lāua ia.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

I loko nō o ka mea i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Lion Feuchtwanger i ole ana, e hele hoʻi a hiki i Hawaii, no ka mea, o kona Anati-fascist wale,ʻo ia ua loa kaulana i loko o ka GDR. I ka 1953, ua hiki i hookoia i ka makana mua o keia aupuni i loko o ke kula o ka moʻokalaleo.

I ka 1957, ua diagnosed ka mea kākau moʻolelo me ka'ōpū Ka maʻi 'aʻai. By Feuchtwanger lapaau o Laielohelohe i ka momona a kauka o ka manawa, a hoʻolilo iā ia i kekahi mau surgeries. Hoao mai ana e Makuakane me ka maʻi i ua pomaikai ole oe, a make iho la i ka mea kākau i ka 1958, mai na kahe ana ke koko.

mālama '-kaua hana

I ka makahiki kakahiaka nui o kona 'oihana palapala Lion Feuchtwanger i hana mai i ka hailona ana o ka hana keaka, i kona auhau like, aole i mediocre. Ma hope o kēia, i kona publicist hoihoi ma ka palapala 'atikala a me nā hōʻike manaʻo, hiki me ina, mai waho e nana i kana hana iho. Ma ka Ia wā Feuchtwanger mua manaʻo e pili ana i ka manawa kūpono o ka e pili ana i kaʻoia iʻo mōʻaukala puke ma luna o kona mau hana hooeueu ae la i Mann hoahānau.

Ma keia hihia, eia nae na moʻolelo no i kekahi mau hana hoopilikia wale, ka mea i hui ma ka manao o ka mea i hiki mai ma ka prism o ka mōʻaukala. I ka Ia manawa i ka huina hoonui Lion Feuchtwanger, palapala ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I, a me ka Bavarian kipi, nele o ka aestheticism a me ka pilina i ka realism. Lakou pinepine noonoo i ka pilikino pōʻino o ka humanistic kanaka i loko o ke kino o kaiāulu. Ma kekahi, i kēia pukana ua hoʻolaʻa i ka puke mua, Lion Feuchtwanger ka mea i kākau - ".ʻinoʻino Duchess"

ʻO kekahi hana a ka mea kākau i ka puke "Ka Iudaio Suess", a ua hoʻolaʻa ai i nā hanana likeʻole e hiki i Hawaii, 18th kenekulia. He alakai aku la ia nā hualoaʻa a kaulana, a ma ka mea ia manawa kona mea i hoopiiiaʻi o Anati-Semitism i ka ia manawa, a ma o ka poe Iudaio nationalism. Ua wale na kepa i ka pono o ka mea kākau i loko o ka mōʻaukala o kona poe kanaka. I ka hopena o ka trilogy o Josephus, i i paʻiʻia ma na aina.

Oiaio no kona makemake e noonoo modernity, e hookuke ia i ka manawa, ma hope o ka puʻe wale akula kēlā emigration i Farani, i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i hana i ka puke "feria-Nero", i ka papa kuhikuhi ano o ka a na mea he nui i aʻoʻia i ka Fuhrer.

ʻike hoʻokumu i loko o ke kia-kaua makahiki

Ma hope o relocating i ka US kākau moʻolelo hele aku au ma luna o ka puu, a hana 'Imi. Ma 'ana o ka puke,ʻikeʻia ma ka makahiki 1947,, "na alopeke ma ka pā waina." Lion Feuchtwanger hōʻike iā ia i loko o nā hanana likeʻole e hiki "ma hope o ka ike weliweli" o ke Kaua o ke Kuokoa. Ua i kana hana mua kia-kaua ma i na mea he nui i ike ai ia laua me ka hoʻolālā o ka haawi lilo ole-Pili.

4 makahiki ma hope o kona loa kaulana hana i ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kākau - ". Goya a me ka Hard Way ia hoʻomāʻikeʻike" Lion Feuchtwanger hōʻike iā ia ke ola a me ka hana ana o ka mea kaulana Sepania artist. Ka puke ua he nui kona pomaikai ma nā hualoaʻa a, a ua pinepine ae la oia Film.

ʻO i ka makahiki hope o ke ola mua seriouslyʻino Feuchtwanger hoomau iho la oia i ka ho okumu ana. Mai kakahiaka a ahiahi kona dictated i ka stenographer "Paniolo Mele" aloha i ke Alii o Spain Alfonso walu a hiki i ka makaainana Fermoze.