Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke ola o Zhukovsky. Life a me ka Hana Hou o Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - mikiʻala kanaka, pomaikai ae la lakou i na mea he nui. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo, mai ke ola ana o Zhukovsky moe i loko o ka mea i ka mea, ua lilo loa-ike haku mele, unuhi a me ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo pono ke aʻoaʻo. He ua hiki ke hoʻomaopopo lākou manaʻo makakū ma na Mele a me nā mele, poem a me nā unuhi. No ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi ka mea, ua maopopoʻono no ka maikai, a Vasily i ole kānalua, e lawe mai i ke ola. No ka mea, o keia, ua kēia manawa i ka manawa e heluhelu i ka poem o Zhukovsky.

me Kinohi Zhukovsky

VA Zhukovsky i lawe mai i kona makua kāne iho, no ka mea, mea, mai ke keiki hoole. Eia kekahi no ka mea, Basil i hānauʻia mai o ka berita mare ma Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin (nui-kupuna kāne o ka Lūkini haku mele a me ka mea kākau Ivan Bunin) a me ka pio Turkish ka wahine Salhi. Ua Ua lawe ia Rusia ma hope o ka hoopuni ana o ka Turkish pā o Bendery. Ua bapetizoia Salha, a haawi aku i ka inoa o Elizabeth Orthodox. Ua i kekahi moemoeā i ka haku hale. No ka Pepeluali 9 (New Style) 1783 i ikeia'ku Basil, akā, i ke keiki i haawiia mai i ka inoa o ka landowner Zhukovsky, ka mea i noho ma ke aloha o Bunin. Bunin i lawe i ke keiki a me kona kupono keiki. Au pono aku nei au ia A. I. Bunin i hōʻoia i kana keiki i loaa i keʻano koa, a no ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi i kākau kona mau koa hana, nae, o fictitious. Ke'ī mai, ma ka makahiki o eono i ke keiki i ka lutanela, a ua manaoia he keonimana. Akā, ma ka makemake Afanasiy Bunin illegitimate ke keiki ua i oleloia, e waiho i ka hoʻoilina kupono keiki.

Na hana hoihoi kanaka o ka haku mele?

V. A. Zhukovskogo ua io nui huahelu i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini poetry. Hooeueuia lakou e ka manaʻo o ka Western haku mele a me nā kākau moʻolelo Vasily ho okumu ana i kā lākou mau hana, ua piha oia me ka manaoio ma ka huali wā e hiki mai ai i na kanaka, ma ka mea ka mea, hiki ke lilo i hoonaauaoia mai, a kuokoa. Ma Verses oia hoʻohana pilialoha kiʻi ma i hiki aku maopopo hoike mai ai ia i ka manao o ke Kuokoa, ke aumeume no ka mea kiekie ideals o ka lokomaikai, ka maikai, a me ka pono.

Pela ka mea,ʻikeʻia nā Verses mua o Zhukovsky - "Ka Nupepa pā ilina", "hoolea i loko o ka poʻe hoʻomoana o ka Lūkini koa", "Emperor Alexander." Kēlā me kēia no ia - he leo kahea no ka maluhia, ka lokahi, hoopii i ke ano, ka maluhia a me ka noho mālie. Zhukovsky aloha e contemplate i ka nani, a hooeueu ae la i ka mea, imi eʻai i ke ano, a me ka mea heluhelu. No laila, mau pili ma kaʻaoʻao ma loko o ke kanaka ola. He mea mamao aku, mai kālai'āina, na kaua a me ka paio pōʻai. Ua ua no laila, ua hiki ke ike ia i loko o ka 'poetry, "poem," No Batyushkov "," Slav "a me na mea e ae.

Mau kanaka ike i Zhukovsky o ke kumu o ka laina "maemae nani". Ma hope o kā lākou hai Pushkin.

Zhukovsky hiʻona

Ua kākau inoa ma Kula Hanai o ka Noble, oia ua i ka palapala, ai 'kaiāulu, ua kona Luna hoomalu. Activity i loko o ke kaiāulu i hoʻonohonoho, i alakai i ka poe a pau ma kaʻo Samuel. No laila, i ke kanaka o ka haku mele a me ka hoʻomaopop 'ana i hiki e hoʻomaka i ka pono kumu, e hoike ana i ko lakou talena a me nā mea hiki. Paha kēia mau mea a pau i ke ano e Zhukovsky (haku mele) i ke kumu o Alexander II.

He kumu koi i Vasily i he kumu ole wale maikai, akā, i ke kākā'ōlelo ma ka pā hale. ia i hoopakele i ka a hoʻokuewa wale 'haku mele, o ka oi aku A. S. Pushkina na manawa he nui, hiki ke loli ka manao o ka he Auguseto, e mitigate i ka olelo, T. E. Zhukovskomu hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka haawina kalaiaina.

No ka mea pilialohaʻuhane o ka haku mele uncharacteristic kolohe. Ma ka aka, no ka wa kamalii, ua hōʻano'ēʻia e sentimentality, oia ua ikepili koʻikoʻi a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi. Au i ka maikai uhane hui, a na ka hoao ana ua kaumaha loa eha ia ia. Poem a me nā unuhi i kōkua i ka hoike i ka manaʻo kaumaha a me kaʻeha ua hoano e ia e ka haku mele, a ua hooeueuia heluhelu e maopopo a me ka succinct epithets, nani nä hopuna e ulu nō keʻano o ka makemake e ola. Zhukovsky haku mele i kona makakū hana i hana.

Zhukovsky ka kūlana ma ke alo alii

Mau o ka haku mele a me nā mea kākau ke kaena aku o ka nui ole i ka aha. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO haku meleʻAʻole makemake no ka nui hua'ōlelo i loko o ke kumu holoholomoku a hoʻokuewa wale 'a hana, akā, Zhukovsky e hoʻokele i ka uhai i ka imperial naau, a me ka nui o na manawa ana i hoopakele i ka a hoʻokuewa wale' haku mele, kokua A. S. Pushkinu, serf haku mele Shevchenko. Mahalo iā ia, i ka Decembrists i hoouna aku ai i ka'āwai, a ua a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia Siberia. No ka mea, he kanawai pono talena, a me Zhukovsky, oia kanalua ua. I ole ia, ke ola Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo makemake e hele oe ilalo i ka mōʻaukala. Kūʻiʻo hōʻike pehea seriously, e lawe i ka manao o na elele o ke aliʻiʻana haku mele.

Ua imbued Zhukovsky makahiki o ke ola me ka manao o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, e like me a, a ua lilo ia i like me ka malihini, a me ka Lūkini. Akā, i ka Lūkini, ka hohonu hoahewa ia ana o ka haku mele, o ka pomaikai nui i ka Fatherland, ma mua o ka malihini. Ka mea hope, e hana mai o ka pakiko-hoihoi, ma mua no ke aloha o Rusia, kona na ia kanaka e imi, e kōkua i ka Motherland a hiki i ka hopena. Loko o laila e waiho i ka ikaika a me ka mana o ka Fatherland, ma ke kūlana kuleana hoʻokani ma ke kulekele o ke alii.

Personal ola o ka haku mele

i wāhine 'kanaka Basil Afanasievich ua. First Love ka mea, ua halawai ma kona makahiki 22 i loko o ka hale o kona kaikuahine o ma kona makua kāne, Ekateriny Protasovoy. Her kaikamahine Masha i laila, 12 o kona mau makahiki, ua ua he haumāna o Zhukovsky. Ma hope o 7 makahiki o Basil kii ai i ka Protassova Masha. Akā, ua loaʻa i ka paakiki ole e like me ka makuwahine Ana koi ia Maria - kaikamahine o Basil.

Personal ola Zhukovsky hoomaka ma 58 makahiki i kona wā i hele ai i Kelemania, a mare i ke kaikamahine a kona hoa, ka artist Reitern, April 21, 1841, ka haku mele hoolaa ai kona poem "Elizabeth Reitern", i i hookuu ia ma 1840 ma ka puke pai "Musical a me ka moʻolelo keaka wale Gazette ". Elizabeth ua ma ia manawa 19 makahiki. Mai ke mare i keiki kāne Paul a me ka kaikamahine Alexandra. A mau makahiki Zhukovsky hoʻomoe i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻiʻana i kona'āina, akā, ālai ia me kana wahine i ka maʻi.

Together ka mea, ua noho no 15 makahiki.

Ma Aperila, 1852 ma ka German kūlanakauhale o Baden-Baden, iʻoki pōkole ka haku mele o ka ola.

I ka 1856, Elizabeth make Zhukovskaya.

Zhukovsky ma na Memories

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke ola o Zhukovsky haawi memoirs o nā wā. nolaila, na ano o ko lākou mau memoirs kekahi henua. Kekahi ike ia me ka noho malie a me ka enigmatic kanaka, 'ē aʻe hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i Zhukovsky -ʻuhane o ka poʻe. He paʻakikī e hoopai aku, nolaila, hilinaʻi i loko o nā kaha puana'ī.

Ma kona mau memoirs, camera-he 'aoʻao o Maria Feodorovna Zhukovsky "Ua naʻauao hāmau",ʻo iaʻaʻole loa hoʻopuka i hookahi hua'ōlelo i loko o Russian. Akā, he nui imua contemplative i kamaʻilio ma Hōʻuluʻulu Halaman i ka hopena ma poem piha o pilialoha kiʻi, e like me "A piha hoike ma luna o ka mahina." He ole ulia nui memoirs eh ÷ ike ai i ke kiʻi o Zhukovsky ua ma poetry. Ma ia mea, ikeia "kilo", "haku moʻoleloʻo", "mea hoolea o Lūkini koa", "Karistiano." I ua i ka inoa o ka haku mele hoa, hoahanau a me kanaka ike iki no.

ʻO ka maʻamau o ke ola, e kamaʻilio me ia kanaka i ike Vasilii Andreeviche kuhikuhi i ka haku mele. Ka hua olelo e pili ana i Zhukovsky mai la AD Bludova: "kamailio ana me ia, i ka mea i hookiekie ae ... kahikoia no aneane mystical flair kekahi 'like me kona pilialoha kiʻi." Eia naʻe, mai nā kanaka, ua nui loa kekahi mau 'ano aʻo. Ma ka memoirs o pili hoa F. F. Vigelya, A. S. Pushkina, P. A. Vyazemskogo ola a me ka hana ana o Zhukovsky nanaʻokoʻa. Ua 'alo iā mākou me ke kiʻi o ka joker, joker, "he kūoʻo a me ka maikaʻi loa wahahee."

Penei, mākou meʻe hiehie mau contrasting helehelena. He variously hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o maʻamau o ke ola, a ma ka hana, akā, i ka mea e leie aku oe e hana i ka loa pono kiʻi. Koʻikoʻio mea e pili ana i ka parody, Humor - hea no ka harmonious a me ka pono ola.

kekahi nānaina

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai i ke ola o Zhukovsky ikea ia mākou i heluhelu i ka memoirs Ao Smirnova-Rosset, hoʻonaʻauao, ka palapala, ai ia i ka manawaleʻa wahine. I e kālele ana i kona nānā aku ma luna o ka mea maʻamau o Zhukovsky, a nolaila kona ano o ka haku mele i ma luna o ka pau okoa manaʻo. Vasily e resourceful, uuku ke aloha, he keiki ka hewaʻole, ano, Humorous, Ua kupaʻa, e aloha oʻApelila ia a me ka hoʻomakeʻaka.

Ma ka palapala, ai 'salons i ole me V. A. Zhukovskogo, no ka mea, ka mea ike i loko ona ka paulele aku i loko o kona ideals iho o ke kanaka i mea he mea ho'ākamai i loko o ka palapala, ai' au kahiko. Around kana mau hana mau ignite hahana loa hoopaapaa, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea, resonate i waena o nā mea heluhelu a me ka hoʻonāukiuki aku hoʻi poe enemi. Akā, me ka Zhukovsky mea aloof hiki wawe ko kūkākūkā a me ka hoopaapaa ana. He Ua nana ana aku ia lakou, mai kaʻaoʻao, ka malama ana mālie. Ma ia mau minute, i nā'ōlelo a ka mea kākau ia iho, oia loaʻa puʻuhonua i loko o poetry, "i mea kuokoa o na Lunakanawai pōkole-mau maka, a me ka maʻiʻo wale."

Ma kona mau memoirs, o ka hoʻopuniʻana hoa A. S. Pushkina Zhukovsky hele ike loea hoa, malama pono, ahonui a me ka hoʻopaʻakikīʻia ka naʻau: ". Ke aumeume me na hihia o ka halawai 'âlapa"

typical hihia

Kekahi mau hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo mai ke ola o Zhukovsky kakau ia e like me ka lokomaikaʻi,ʻano kanaka. He nui memoirs hoʻolauleʻa ai i kona modesty, akā, pono ike kona kiʻi kōkua kekahi hihia. I ka 1840, Zhukovsky hoa hoʻoholo, e haawi ia ia i ka 'aina awakea, i makemake e hele mai i ka poʻeʻelemākule Kumu. Ka haku mele hoole eʻike iā ia ma luna o ke keena hookipa, papa inoa, no ka mea, ka mea heluhelu i kona laudatory odes a me ka hopena o Vasily ia ia iho. Piha ka hoomaopopo ole i ke kaulana a me ka adulation o ka mea kākau characterizes like me ka uhane, i kaʻikena ano pono'ī.

Life a me ka hana o ka Zhukovsky hōʻike i ka mea, ua hoano e ka la iluna, a iho i lalo, akā, ma mua o ka pau ana o kona mau lā koe oiaio i kona mau ideals. He ua i vindictive, no laila, hooku iho la ia A. S. Pushkinu kiʻi a me nā hua'ōlelo "haumāna e uwa mai ka hope kumu".

One frosty lā Zhukovsky ike aku la i kekahi kanaka ilihune ma kaʻaoʻao o ke alanui me ka frostbitten mau wawae. He haawi mai ia ia 110 rubles (he nui na dala i loko o ia mau lā, no ka nane, i ka maikai o ka aina awakea i loko o ka Hawaii loaʻa he 10 keneta). I kekahi lā, i ka oopa ia o Zhukovsky olelo ao ia i ka haukapila, a kamaʻilio no ka noa.

A hiki i ka haku mele?

• Ua i ka mea nana hoʻomohala i ka Lūkini Romanticism, hoʻokumu i kona muli o ko lākouʻike hoʻokumu. Unuhi Europa hana, i lana ai ka haku mele ma ka Western manaʻo, a ho'āʻo e lawe mai iā lākou i loko o ke ola ana o ka Lūkini kanaka, akā, diplomatically ia i hana ia, ae ho'āʻo ana i hoʻohalahala keia manawa, e ku ei ka State, a me keia ua hoʻolimalima i ka aloha o ka imperial alii ko lakou. A laila pilialoha manaʻo i? Ac? I loko o nā hana a me nā Lūkini haku mele. Ma kekahi, A. S. Pushkin i ka nānā 'ana i ka hana o Zhukovsky, hoomaikai ia, a me ka hoomaikai aku i kona tālena.
• Mahalo i ke kōkua o Zhukovsky like me ka mastermind, mākou i maʻa i na hana o ka A. S. Pushkina, i like me ka poem "Ruslan a me Lyudmila". Alexander - he ano akamai o ka moʻokalaleo o ka 19th kenekulia - hiki i kākau hou me Other Zhukovsky heluhelu ala, a ma hope o ka helu o ka hoomau wale, e ho okumu ana.
• E like me ke aʻoʻia o ka Emperor Alexander II o, Zhukovsky aʻo mai iā ia, e manaʻo nui, e hilinai ana ma luna o nā manaʻo o Westerners, kanu uuku ke aloha no ka makemake i ke alii, a me kaʻike. Me keia kanawai, Alexander II, Ua hoopau serfdom i ka 1861.
• ʻike hoʻokumu Vasily ike ia e na hanauna he nui o nā mea heluhelu, a koe mahalo a hiki i kēia lā. Ka paʻa o ka mea, ua mau.

Zhukovskyʻia ....................

Ua haʻalele Zhukovsky makahiki o ke ola lākou mark. hala mamo poem lehulehu, unuhi Pelekane, ka palapala, ai 'atikala e hoʻokahe i ke mālamalama ma luna o nā hanana o ka hala, ia mea he moʻolelo palapala, paʻi i kēia lā, a' o ia hoʻiʻike hoʻokumu Vasily o ka hoihoi ia mai.

Zhukovsky - mea kākau o ka 6 elegies: ". Mea hoolea i loko o ka poʻe hoʻomoana o ka Lūkini koa" "Nupepa pā ilina", "Slav", "kai", "ahiahi", "Ma o ka make ana o ...",

He palapala iho la i ka mele "alii kaikamahineʻuhane" a me "Turgenev, ma muli o kona palapala," i ka mele, a me nā idylls odes. He palapala iho la i ka mua Lūkini aupuni mele "Prayer mea Lūkini."

Mai kona peni i hele mai i ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaao "e hiamoe ana Princess", "ka nui o Tsar Berende", "ka nui o Ivan Tsarevich, a me ka Hinahina Wolf," "Puss i loko o nā kamaʻa puki."

Kākau o ka 12 Mele - "Svetlana", "ke alii o ka Forest", "Naita Togenburg" a me na mea e ae. Kana hana ma ka Aina, - ka puke "Marina Grove". Kākau 'atikala, poem, Verses, poem. Goethe i hana ai, no ka naau wehe ', Schiller, Byron, Scott.

Zhukovsky ua he draftsman maikai, a ua waiho i na hana hoihoi sketches ma ka penikala.

Pōkole Kawaihae o ka haku mele

02.09.1783 - o ka hanau ana o Vasiliya Zhukovskogo.

1789 - ka loaa ana i ka hanohano.

1797-1801 GG. - aʻo i loko o kula, i ua ma ka pūʻali koa ma ka Moscow kula nui.

1802 - Debut me he haku mele a me ka unuhi. Ma ka "Pai o 'Eulopa" paʻi i ka poem "Nupepa pā ilina" - noa unuhi ana i na hana o ka' ōlelo Pelekānia haku mele o Hinahina. Ke makakū ola o Zhukovsky hana mau a kona hope hanu.

O 1808-1809. - hoʻoponopono o ka "Home oʻEulopa".

1812 - Vasily Zhukovsky haʻalele i ka militia. He ho'āʻo ai i ole ke alo ma ka honua hiki ole palapala poetry, a memele patriotic manaʻo. Oe Pono e 'ike i nā manaʻo kaumaha o na kanaka. I ole ia, ma na Verses mai i manaoio ia.

1815 - kono ana i ka hana 'aha hoʻokolokolo. Ma waho aʻeo ia 'ē aʻe dute, i mālama ai i narrator o ka Empress Maria Feodorovna.

1817 - hoonohoia e ao aku i ka Lūkini 'ōlelo ke Alii Charlotte.

1825 -ʻo ia i kauoha mai ai aʻoʻia o Alexander II.

1841 - Zhukovsky resignation mai o ka papa no ke ola i loko o 4000 rubles no ka makahiki. I ka ahaaina mare no ka haku mele. Neʻe maila i ke Germany.

24.04.1852 kūlanakauhale - i ka make ana o ka haku mele. Hale kupapaʻu V. A. Zhukovskogo ke aupuni 'o St. Petersburg, i loko o ka pā ilina o ka Alexander Nevsky Lavra. i ke kumu o ka haku mele - It ua aʻe a hiki i ka lua kupapaʻu N. M. Karamzina ke aupuni '.