Mongol-Tatars - i ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini aina mea loaʻa

Ka mua Mongol-Tatar kaua o Rusia ma ka Black Sea hehi hoomaka ana ma ka hapa mua o ka XIII kenekulia. Genghis Khan (Temujin) manao pela, e hoÿonui ai kona nui ana, a ma keia manawa i lalau mai na kapakai o ka Moana Pākīpika, a hiki i ka Caspian Sea.

Ma ka hema steppes o ka mokuna o ka Black Sea ana Polovtsian ohana olaʻana. Ka mea, hoomaka ae la e kahea aku i ka kōkua o ka Lūkini luna, arguing mea ina i keia la i ka Mongol-Tatars hopu i ka aina Polovtsian, apopo, a hiki i ka aina Lūkini.

Ka muli o ka hou, i ike ole ai mamua ikaika poe enemi, kena ae la ka makau nui i loko o Rusia. Wale nō ka luna o ka hema aina hoʻoholo ihola e kōkua Polovtsy i loko o ke pioʻenemi. Ka mea, ua hui pu koa, akā, ua paʻa akula hee i loko o ka kaua o ka Kalka muliwai. hoʻoholo koke Mongol-Tatars kekahi e haʻalele i ka aina Lūkini ma hope o kona lanakila.

I ka 1227, make iho la unbeaten Khan, a me kona nui waiwai mua puunaueia i waena o kāna mau keiki kāne, aliʻi ma luna o nā mea a pau o ka hāʻawi iā Udyog.

hele Part o ka aina a me ka moopuna o Genghis Khan, Batu. He manao e alualu aku i kekahiʻano pākīkē kuwaho o kona kupuna kāne, a hoʻonui i ka palena o ko lākou hou hooilina.

I ka 1236, hoopio i ka poe koa nunui o Tatars alakaʻiʻia Batu Khan maʻalahi ke kapikala o ke Volga-Kama Bulgars, i ke kulanakauhale o Great Pulakalia, a ma ka 1237 a hiki kokoke i na palena o ka Ryazan na'lii. Batu Khan i hoouna mai i kona mauʻelele i ka i nā aliʻi, e hoʻomaopopo i kona mana a me ka 'aelike, e uku aku i ka hapaʻumi lā. Ka poe hoʻokiʻekiʻe pane aku, "All oukou, ina e hele mākou."

Ryazan aliʻi hoopii i ka luna o Vladimir. Akā, laila, i ka hopena o ka lōʻihi-makahiki hopena o ka fragmentation a me ka disunity o Rus. Vladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich hoʻoholo ihola,ʻaʻole e hāʻawi kōkua, a ua hoomakaukau no ke kaua, a kaua ma luna o lākou iho.

Kela a me keia Lūkini na'lii a ka lawe 'ana,ʻAʻole eʻole ia'ku o kaʻenemi, akā, wale ka mea, e i hiki ke pale aku i ka hoʻonohonoho poʻe hao wale o Batu.

Ma hope iho o ka hopu ana o Ryazan aina, ka Mongol-Tatars hele i Suzdal. Ke kapikala o ke alii, i ke kulanakauhale o Vladimir, i pio, a puhi aku. Ua Ua ukali e Rostov, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Tver a me Suzdal. Ma keia honua, he mea ole kekahi kauhale, no ka i makemake ole i lilo i ka iā Goga, pepehi a me ka mea a pau i ke ahi i loko o kona alanui. A Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich i make i loko o ke kaua o ka muliwai City.

I nā makahiki, ka kaua o ka Tatars naʻi i ka holoʻokoʻa akau-hikina o Rusia. Ka loa huhū ia'ku i nā kupa o ka kaona liʻiliʻi o Kozelsk. No keia ka mea komohewa okioki ia a pau i ke kanaka, akā, wale hina i koe mai i ke kulanakauhale.

I ka 1240, Batu kaua hoopio a me ka hema-komohana Lūkini ?? eoi? Ee. Pal Chernigov a me Pereyaslavl. I ka hooilo 1240, ua i ka hopu ana o Kiev ma ka Mongols. Rusia i hoʻopioʻia.

I kekahi mau makahiki, i ka iā Goga hele ma Hungary, Silesia, Moravia a me Poland. Akā, no ka mea, pehea lā ka lōʻihi o ka mea Tartars hiki ole ke ku imua o, a haule iho la hope. Loa komohana palena no ka naʻi lilo Volyn na'lii a me Kalikia.

Ma hope o ia, no ka Mongol-Tatars hoʻoholo e noho ana ma kaʻaoʻao hema-komohana o ka Russian Plain, a hoʻokumu i ka hou Khanate - Golden iā Goga. Koi ', he mea subordinate i ka nui Mongol Khan, akā, i nā lilo iho la i kuokoa moku'āina. Zolotaya Orda alii ma luna o nā mea a pau Lūkini aina i loko o ka Black Sea'āina, Urals a me na hapa o ke komohana Siberian steppes.

Tatar ali i ole hoopau i na luna o ka Lūkini aliʻi, akā, loaʻa ma laila. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me nā luna o ka mana o ka iā Goga, ka mea hiki ke kauoha aku aliʻi i loko o kā lākou mau poʻokela, e loaa ana i ka ai-kapaia "i 'ae'". Batu kino hookolokoloiaʻi e au, a no nā aliʻi o ka na'lii i koena i haawi aku ai i ka papa. wale māhuahua ka mana o na luna Lūkini ma luna o kona poe kanaka i ka mea ia manawa, e like me ka mea, e hilinaʻi ma ka nui mawaho ikaika hao o ke Gula iā Goga.

Ka holoʻokoʻa heluna o na ko na'lii, Ua pono rewritten a ua kauia maluna o ka auhau kaumaha. Initially, kona uku i kauoha Baskakov - kekahi luna o ka iā Goga. I kekahi manawa, i hana i kēia mea hoomaloka poe kuai i, mai ko lakou mau kekahi pahu i uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka mea i koi 'nui, a laila, hoʻokō i kona iho, mai ka kūloko heluna kanaka, cashing i loko ma luna o laila.

Kaili wale ia, a me ka ino ikaika pinepine ae la oia kapa hanohano uprising ku ei ka Tatars. Akā, i nā luna ho'āʻo e negotiate me ka iā Goga i ole, e lawe mai ma luna o kona poe kanaka hou extermination. I ka hoʻomaka o ka XIV kenekulia Tatar luna nō ia mea, noonoo ia oi kupono e mai i pono ai i ka ohi o ka hookupu ana i ka Lūkini aliʻi.

I ka mana o ke Gula iā Goga, i nā hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia - ikaika luna, ua hou ma laila, a me ka internecine hana ali aggravate wale ke kulana. Ma Nowemapa 1480 i loko o ke kuleana clash me ka Ugra River , ua hiki ke lanakila ma luna o Mongol-Tatar koa poe koa o ka Lūkini aliʻi. E like me ka hopena o nā poʻe komohewa i haʻakoi e hoʻi i kā lākou mau mōʻaukala ?? eoi?. No laila, kauoha aku i pau ai longstanding Mongol-Tatarʻauamo, Rusia lilo noa hou.