Mughals. Mughal aupuni a pau

India - o kekahi o ka mea nui'āina i loko o ke ao nei, me ke kū hoʻokahi moʻomeheu a me ka hana hoihoi mōʻaukala. Ma kekahi, a hiki i kēia lā noiʻi nei i ka ninau o ana ke keiki a ka Emira o Ferghana, Babur, i waiho ole o ka makua ma ka 12 makahiki o ka makahiki,ʻaʻole wale nō i i lilo i luahi o ka pili aupuni hana malu, a make iho la ia, akā, i komo iloko o ia India, a hana i kekahi o ka mea nui hawaiian aupuni a pau .

prehistory

Mua i loko o ka mea manawa India a me kekahi kokoke Hawaii i hoʻokumu ikaika Mughal aupuni a pau, i Wāwahi ke aupuni i loko o na mea he nui ka poe liilii, ko na'lii,. Ka mea, Ua mau ke kanaka me ia e poipu ma hoalauna-nomads. Ma 'ana, i loko o ka 5th kenekulia ma ka ?? eoi? O ka Gupta moku'āina ninoaaeyao ka akau-komohana hapa o ka Mauna subcontinent a me ka pili ana i ka aina o ke kūkulu'ākau, i nāʻohana o ka Huns komo iloko. ʻOiai ka mea, ua kipakuʻia he 528-la ka makahiki, ma hope o ka mea, ua haʻalele ma India koe ka nui moku'āina me ka ho okumu. A kenekulia hope, kekahi mau liʻiliʻi na alii hui ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o ka charismatic a me ka hihio luna Haresa, naʻe, ma hope o kona make ana, he hou aupuni a pau disintegrated, a ma ka 11th kenekulia ma luna o ka mokuna o Hindustan infiltrated na Nā Poʻe Isalama ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Mahmud o Ghazni, a hoʻokumu i ka Delhi Sultanate. Iloko o ke kenekulia 13th, keia wahi hiki ke ku imua o ke kaua o ka Mongols, akā, ma ka pau ana o ka 14th mea, haule iho la 'Aʻohe wai iaʻu, e like me ka hopena o ke kaua o na tausani o ka poe a pau o Timur. I loko nō o kēia, no ka nui loa na'lii a Delhi Sultanate ana a hiki i 1526, i ka makahiki. Ko lakou lanakila lilo Mughal alakaiia e Babur - Timurid ka poe i hele mai i India me ka hoʻonohonoho 'poe koa nunui. Kona poe koa ma ia manawa i ka ikaika i loko o ka'āina, a me ka poʻe hao wale o Mauna Raja hiki ole ole ia ia, e loaa i ka Indian subcontinent.

Kawaihae a Babur

Ka mua Great Mogul o India i hānau i loko o 1483, ka makahiki i loko o ka palena o ke kālā no Uzbekistan, i loko o ke kaulana kalepa kulanakauhale o Andijan. Kona makuakane, ua i ka 'Emira o Fergana, oia no ka nui-moopuna o Tamerlane, a hele aku la i kona makuwahine, mai keʻano o Genghis. A lohe o Babnuru ua wale 12 makahiki,ʻo ia i haʻalele i ka makua, akā, ma hope o 2 makahiki ka mea i kauoha aku e paʻa Samarkand. I mau, ka noiʻi Kawaihae o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Mughal aupuni a pau, hoike i kona i kakahiaka nui kamaliʻi i ka mikanele alualu o ka mana, a me ka hiki laila i kona manaʻo makeʻe i ka moe, e lilo i ke poo o ka nui moku'āina. Lanakila ma hope o ka lanakila mua i ole mau loa ana, a ma hope o 4 mahina o Babur Ua kipakuia mai Samarkand Sheibani Khan, ka mea i mua o na la ekolu. Inā pilikia ka haumāna politician ma luna o ka mea, i ole i ka laʻi ilalo, a ua i hōʻoiaʻiʻo aku i ka mea opiopio Timurid i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka holo me kona poe kaua a hiki i Afghanistan. Aia ka pomaikai minoʻaka 'o Randy i ke kanaka opiopio, a me ka ia i lanakila Kabul. Akā, kāʻeoʻeo ma luna o ka mea e kona fiefdom - ua hele mai Samarkand rula Uzbek alii, i aku la ia ia i koena, a me ia ua i ho'āʻo hai e hoʻi i kēia kūlanakauhale. I mai la lakou a pau i pau i ka hoʻokō 'ole', a me, kona hoʻomaopopo i ka mea,ʻaʻohe huli hoʻi, Babur manaʻo e lanakila ma luna India, a hoʻokumu i ka hou moku'āina.

E like me ka Mughal moku'āina, ua hookumuia oia

I ka 1519, ka makahiki Babur alakaʻi i ka huakaʻi no ka North-West India, a me 7 makahiki ma hope hoʻoholo i ka paʻa o Delhi. Eia hou, oia luku Rajput luna, a hoʻokumu i ka moku'āina a me ka konu ma Agra. Penei, ma 1529, i ka iwa o ka makahiki o ka hikina mai aupuni a me ka mokuna o Afghanistan, ka Punjab a me ke awāwa Ganges ia i na palena o Bengal.

make ana o Babur

I make ai i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Mughal aupuni a pau i ka 1530. Ma hope o ka piʻiʻana i ka Hamayuna noho aliʻi, Mughal aupuni a pau ma India ana a hiki i 1539, i ka makahiki o ka Pashtun luna koa Sher Shah kipaku aku la ia ia, mai ka'āina. Eia naʻe, ua hiki ke • loaʻa ko lākou mau'āina, a hoʻi i Delhi 16 makahiki hope Mughals. Kona ike mua ana i kona imminent demise, ka Peresidena i puʻunaue i ke aupuni a pau ma waena o kāna mau keiki kāneʻehā, waeia i alii no ia Hamayuna i e mālama Hindustani. Ekolu'ē aʻe Babur loaʻa iā Kandahar, Kabul a me Punjab, akā, ka mea, ua koiia e hoolohe i ka kaikuaʻana.

Akbar ke Great

I ka 1542, ka makahiki i loko o Hamayuna ke keiki. He Ua ka inoa o Akbar, a i keia moopuna o Babur i e e he aupuni a ua hoʻokumuʻia Mughals, hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka laʻana o ka moku'āina, he wahi haipule a me ka lahui hoʻokae. Kona pii ana i ka noho aliʻi, kokoke like kakahiaka makahiki, e like me kona kupunakane, a aneane 20 makahiki o ke ola lilo ma ka suppression o ka haunaele a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka kikowaena mana. E like me ka hopena, i ka 1574, i ka iwa o ka makahiki ka mea i pau i ke kahua o ka hookahi moku'āina me ka maopopo nenoaiie o kūloko hoʻokele a me ka auhau ohi. He mea aliʻi akamai kanaka, Akbar ka Nui e līkaia no ka aina a me ka uku kālā i ke kukulu o ka ole wale mosques, akā, i na luakini Hindu a me ka Karistiano ekalesia, a me nā mikionali i aeia e wehe ma Goa.

Jahangir

I kekahi luna o ke aupuni a pau i ke kolu o ke keiki a Akbar ka Nui - Selim. Pii i ka noho alii make o kona makua kāne ma hope, ua kauoha e kapaʻia lākou ma Jahangir, i unuhi 'ia hoʻi "naʻi aupuni o ke ao nei." Ua ua He pōkole-mau maka aku aliʻi i mua o nā mea a pau, e hoopauia i ke kānāwai ma luna o haipule ke ahonui, ma mua o ku ka Hindus a me ka poʻe o nā nationalities i mea ole Nā Poʻe Isalama. Penei, ka Mughals hou ana i ke kākoʻo mai o ka heluna kanaka i loko o nā hana, a ua haʻakoiʻia i nā manawa, e uhi i ka uprising e ku ei ko lakou mau henchmen-Raja.

Shah Jahan

Na makahiki hope o ka noho alii ana o Jahangir, ka poe i lilo i addict a hiki i ka hopena o kona ola ana, ua i ka 'aka manawa no ke aupuni a pau, i hoʻokumuʻia e Mughals. Ka mea i loko o ka hale aliʻi o ke paio no ka mana i loko o kaʻeleu komo ana o ka wahine ka papa kuhikuhi o ke Suletana ma ka inoa o Nur Jahan. I loko o kēia wā, ke kolu o ke keiki a Jahangir, ka mea i mare i ke kaikamahine o kona stepmother, ua hoʻoholo ihola e lawe ka lanakila o ka pilikia, a i ka olelo hoolaha o ia iho e like me ka hooilina, e holo alaʻokoʻa kaikuaana. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o kona makuakane, hele mai la ia i ka noho aliʻi, a noho aliʻi ihola ia i 31 makahiki. Iloko o keia manawa i ke kapikala o ka Mughals - Agra ua lilo kekahi o ka loa nani kulanakauhale ma Asia. I ka Ia manawa, ka mea, ua ai ka inoa o, i ka 1648, ka makahiki e e ka aina kapikala Delhi, i ke Fort Red kūkulu ma laila. Ke'ī mai, lilo iho la ia i ka lua o ka kapikala o ke aupuni a pau i ke kulanakauhale, a me ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o 1858, i ka makahiki o Beritania poʻe hao wale i pio hope Great Mogul, pu me ka pili hoahanau. Pela i pau ai i ka moʻolelo o ka aupuni a pau e i haʻalele i ka nui hooilina.

Ke kapikala o ke Mughal

E like me ua oleloia, i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o ke aupuni a pau i loko o 1528, ka makahiki Babur i Agra. I kēia lā ka mea, o kekahi o ka loa kaulana oo? Aacu o Asia, e like me he mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i lehulehu o kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka Mughal wā. Ma kekahi, a pau i ike ia no ka mea kaulana Taj Mahal, i kukulu ia e Shah Jahan no kona aloha wahine. Kēia hanana hale ua manaoia kekahi o na mea kupanaha o ko ke ao nei, a e loli ai ko lakou manao maikai, a me ka nani.

Muli o kona kulana kekahi hopena Delhi i ke kino. I ka 1911, e lilo i ka noho ana o ka Viceroy o Inia, a ma laila mai Calcutta neʻe i ka papa kuhikuhiE Oihana o ka koloniala Beritania aupuni. I kekahi 36 makahiki i ke kulanakauhale, ua ulu koke, a he mau wahi o na Europa no? Ieoaeunoaa. Ma mau, i ka 1931 o ka puka o kona Apana hou o New Delhi, loa papahana ma ka Beritania. I ka 1947, ua kukala aku oia i ke kapikala o ke kuokoa Repubalika o Inia , a koe no laila, a hiki i kēia lā.

Mughal aupuni a mau ae la ia, mai ka hapa mua o ka 16th kenekulia i ka makahiki 1858, a ua moekolohe i kekahi kūlanaʻano nui i loko o ka hopena o na kanaka a pau o Alaska.