Nā polokina: Mea Maluna o ka kumuʻiʻo 'ole a me ka ho'āʻo

A maikaʻi-ike akeakamai Karl Marx koke ae i manaoia na kēia ka wehewehena o ke "ola" - heʻano o ke ola o ke kumuʻiʻo kino. A me keia hoike he mea hiki ole i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana. Ma ka naau o kekahi holoholona meaola i kaʻoi loa keia ukana. He aha nā hiʻona hoʻoholo lākou nui i hana '? Ka functioning nā polokina? Mea Maluna, me nā hale a me ka 'ole o kēia mau waiwai, e e kūkākūkā i loko o kā mākou' atikala.

I ka manaʻo o ke aloha 'ona

I ka pae ana o ke aloha 'ona hui pū i loko o ka meaola ola, nā nā polokina, lipids, carbohydrates a me nukelea nāʻakika. mau biopolymers a pau o ia - luna 'hale a oia hoi o ka helu nui o ka hou huahelu. No ka laʻana, lipids iloko o ka polyalcohol glycerol a me ka momoma nāʻakika. Oia hou māhele i kapaia monomers. Ka mea mau i koe a me nā polokina. Mea Maluna o nā polokina, a me ke aloha waiwai, i loko o ka hapanui hoopii, ma muli o kā lākou 'ole.

Kumuʻiʻo - i ke kumu o ke ola

Mea maʻa mau ka mea, ua ea ae ia ke kumuʻiʻo kumu i wale holoholona meaola. A me, nō, e e lako me keia waiwai nui, ua ai ka puaa a me ka pipi ai, nā manuʻaiʻia, hua a me ka iʻa. Akā, he nui nui o keia waiwai ua hookomoia ma ka kanuʻai. Legumes (ka papapa maka, peas, peanuts, soybeans) i kekahi fount o kaʻai kumuʻiʻo.

Ka 'ole o nā polokina

Nā polokina e noonoo ole akā, i ka mea ia manawa kū hoʻokahi i loko o kona 'ole. Ka mea i hanaʻia ma monomers kapaia'amino nāʻakika. 'O kēia ka mea wale nō ke aloha i nā puke o ka meaola e ola ana, a loaʻa ka Nine Inch hehee ai naikokene.

Kekahi kumuʻiʻo ninoieo o ka iwakalua'amino nāʻakika. I ka huli, kēlā lātoma ninoieo o ke kalapona'Ātoma no i ka hehee ai ua pili hydrogen, he'amino pae, he carboxyl hui a me ka'ano'ē. Kēia hui o nā'ātoma, mai kekahi i kekahi, o ka i'amino nāʻakika OAOOUIEeE. I mea no ke aha nā polokina i no laila, like me ka 'ole, a me ka mana e hana.

kumuʻiʻo 'ole

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka 'ole ua maheleia i eha kumuʻiʻo' ole:

1. n mea i ka lei o ka'amino nāʻakika ua hoʻopiliʻiaʻakika'amino paa. Ka mea ana i loko o na ami o ka'amino a me ka karboksogruppy.

2. Secondary - ka'aminoʻakika kaulahao, ua haika i loko o kaʻoni iho. Pili 'o Randy i i hanaʻia i loko o kēia' ole i kapaia hydrogen.

3. Tertiary ho he globule. He He'ōwili hao no a wili coils haumāna 'ole.

4. Quaternary - globule nā lātoma ia ho i ka lākou o kekahi mau ia hale.

I ka hope 'ole hiki i milo mai i ka iniiaiie, a me ka hope versa. Mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i reversible, a ua kapaʻia hooholo a me ka renaturation. Ke kaʻina hana o ka make ana o ka iniiaiie 'ole - ka luku - Ua irreversible.

Nā polokina: Mea Maluna o nā polokina

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka haku mele 'ana Nine Inch hoomaopopo poe noonoo ole a me ka luna' nā polokina. I ka mua he wale o ka'amino nāʻakika i loko o ka lua o ka aiiieieoaeuii nā prosthetic hui. He He ke keʻena o nonprotein ano.

Mea Maluna o ka poe noonoo ole nā polokina (proteids) ma muli o kā lākou Nine Inch ano. No ka laʻana, histones a me protamines i walaʻauʻana waiwai, no ka mea, i komo ka hapanui o ka arginine. Ka mea, he poe eiiiiiaiou o eiiieaena nā polokina, a he hapa o ka halepaahao nuclei. Prolamins i nā polokina o ke kanu kumu, a me ka nui na mea i kakauiaʻi ma na anoano o kiliala. Albumin a me ka globulin - eiiiiiaiou o kanaka koko.

Mea Maluna eiiieaena o nā polokina pili me ka prostatic ano pae. Ke'ōlelo mai, i kekahi hapa o glycoproteins, koe nae'amino nāʻakika, carbohydrate residues i E wehewehe pū mai.

Waiu casein, albumin, hua manu ', iʻa hua ihtulin - i luna' nā polokina. Ka mea, i kapaʻia phosphoproteins i loaʻa i kekahi mall hapa o ka mea pōhakuʻakika.

Ke koena o ka DNA a me ka RNA me'amino nāʻakika i kekahi hapa o ka nucleoprotein, a he hapa o ka ke kelepona hale.

Ma ke koko wai koko, akemāmā'aʻaʻa, ka mitochondria, aeea membranes i lipoproteins. Lākou prostatic pūʻulu oia hoi o nā mea loaʻa o nā bipi kūpaluʻia.

I mea ai like me ka 'ole o nā polokina. Mea Maluna o nā polokina hiki e ma muli nō hoʻi ma luna o ke kumu o ka'amino nāʻakika. e hiki ke kū kaʻawale i hanaʻia i loko o ke kanaka kino kekahi o ia mau mea. Ka mea, i kapaʻia nonessential. 'amino nāʻakika nō i nāʻano hiki ke hana ia wale nō, mai ke waho. Ua nui'amino nāʻakika. Kekahi o ia wale nō ka holoholona kumu. No ia mea, i nā kānakaʻepekema i olelo ia i kaʻai i kaʻai hoʻi ia e pono no ka maʻamau kūpono 'ana o ke kino o ke kanaka.

Mea Maluna o nā polokina Launch

Ma ooieoeiiaeuiuo laina loaʻa nō kekahi mau pūʻulu o ka nui o ke aloha i huiʻia. Enzymatic nā polokina i liluwelo catalysts. Ka mea, oia i Nine Inch reactions, ka mea, aole ia i komo i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o kona huahana. No ka laʻana, amylase a me ka maltase i komo i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka tuha kanaka, hoʻopili akula luna' carbohydrates i ka poe noonoo ole ia ma ka moʻolelo o ka lua. Ke gastric lipase'ūhū emulsifies mea momona i monomers. Aia hoi kekahi pūʻulu o nā polokina A i ka wa ka e ku pono ana kanawai, ka meheu o ia i ka māmā holo o ka NaI. Ka mea, i kapaʻia nā mea kūpale.

Hormones i kekahi waiwai o ka kumuʻiʻo kumu. Ma kānaka a me nā holoholona hoʻokuʻu akula lākou kūikawā nā loko kapa glands. No ka laʻana, ka mea pituitary gland, Aia ma ke kumu o ka lolo malū ulu hōmona. E komo aku ai i ke koko, a accumulates ke kiʻekiʻe o loli nā au i ka laupaʻi hou i loko o ke kino.

Maluhia o nā polokina koko kapaʻia nā mea'aʻaʻa. Lākou kuleana pili i mea e neutralize mea hoʻomaʻi (particles) a me na haole penetrating i loko o ke kino. Nā mea'aʻaʻa hiki ke hoʻomaopopo, a luku aku ia lakou ma ka phagocytosis - intracellular digestion. Functioning o ka aiiay nā polokina e hoʻoholo i ka nui o na kanaka'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoaiu, i mea no ka hiki ia lakou ke ku imua o ka maʻi o ka mea hoʻomaʻi a me ka mea koʻohune ano.

Amo kumuʻiʻo globin hapa o ka ula koko keena, i lawe kinoea mail. Actin a myosin nō i ka contractile nā polokina ma Muscle 'aʻaʻa.

Eia ua like like ma ka 'ole a me nā uea o nā nā polokina. Mea Maluna o nā polokina ma muli o nā hiʻona o ko lākou Nine Inch haku mele 'ana a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo hiʻona.