Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

ua piha ka personalities ka poe i haalele i kaʻoiaʻiʻo indelible hoailona i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka ulu ana o ke kaiāulu me he okoa XX kenekulia. Nui discoveries o ka 'epekema a me ka' ike loea hou ... nā pūnaewele lawe lima Internet a me kona palena oihana no ka lawe lima kamaʻilio - he pololei no o ia noiʻi. Akā, ma ka wanaao o ka iwakalua kenekulia, ke kākauʻana i kau ole wale nō ma ka 'enehana. Nui i ka nohona ke keʻena o ke kaiāulu. Ia mea ke kumu o ka muli o ka moʻokalaleo, o ka papa, e hele ana me mau, maoli Hawaiʻi mahalo i ka loea inoa i koe i loko o ka hoomanao ana o ka poe i mahalo i ka Ana Aina, a me ka poetry o ke kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia.

A me kekahi o kēia mau kanaka ua Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, Nee Lokhvitskaya, a no kana kane - Buchynska. Ua Ua hanau May 9 (a ma luna o nāʻikepili - 27 April) 1872 i loko o ke kulanakauhale o St. Petersburg (kahi o kaʻikepili mea i okoa, e like me ka mea mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana i ka mea iʻikeʻia a hiki i ka malamalama i loko o ka Volyn mokuna). Wā e hiki mai mea kākau i ke kaikamahine o ka luawai-ike i ka manawa i Kumu o ka criminology, a me ka hou, i ka hoʻopuka o ka puke pai "Hookolokolo Gazette" af Lokhvitsky. Nō hoʻi Hope - he kaikuahineʻano maikaʻi-ike poetess Mirra (Nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (ka mea, ua ona i ka manawa i kapaia "Russian Sappho").

Pseudonym "Taffy" Ua kakauinoa ia ka loa mua puke kātuna moʻolelo, e like me ka hula "Women ka pukana", iʻikeʻia i loko o 1907. Akā, me ka poem, a hoʻi i ka 1901, a Debut Lokhvitskaya, aka hoi, paʻiʻia ma lalo o kona inoa kaikamahine o ka makana.

Ke kumu o ka inoa kapakapa "Taffy" Ua nō undiscovered. E like me i olelo ia ma ona iho, ka mea pololei hele pono ana i ka hale inoa kapakapa ke kahiko kauwa Lohvitsky - Stepan (kona ohana i kapaia o Steffy), akā, i ka poem a Rudyard Kipling, e hoʻokani ana me «Taffy i ka walesman / Taffy, he aihue ia». Akā, me nā moʻolelo a me ka ike weliweli i ua ikea no keia inoa, he incredibly mahalo i ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni Rusia, no laila, i ola i kekahi manawa, a hikiʻala a me nā candies kapaia "Taffy".

Taffy i pai ia ma ka "Satyricon" Magazine, a me ka "New Satyricon" mahope mai o ko lakou kahe mua, paʻiʻia ma April 1908, pono mai ai i ka papa o ka puke ma August 1918, no laila, e like me ka mea kākau o ka mau-buke ohi o Humorous moʻolelo, paʻi i ka 1910, a ua laila ukali ma kekahi mau hou i hoiliili ole ( "Carousel", "uahi me ke ahi", iʻikeʻia i loko o 1914, e like me "lifeless holoholona", kākau i loko o 1916), Taffy, mai ka loa kinohi mai la oia ua loaa ia i ke kaulana me ka maikaʻi-? noaaiiiai i,'ōleloʻano, a me ka loa observant mea kākau. A pau i manaoio aku ai i kekahi poʻe kākau moʻolelo distinguishes ia mea he kilo naauao o ke kanaka nawaliwali, i kona lokomaikai a me ka hiki ole i ke aloha no lākou hapless huapalapala.

Taffy ua he punahele Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo o ka'āhihi, a i ka nānā' ana ma luna o ka hōʻike o nā nīnūnē puke kātuna loa. Kona mau-buke puke, ua hoomaka ae la ka epigraph o "nā mea pono" B.Spinozy i loa pololei ma na mea he nui o kona mau hana hoʻoholo kona kēpau: "No ka mea akaaka - he mea olioli, a no laila,ʻo ia wale nō - ka mea e pomaikai ai."

Muli o kona kulana he pōkole wā o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni olelo la, i loaa i ka 1905 ua paipaiʻia Ka hoʻomaka 'ana kākau Taffy kōkua' ana me ka Bolshevik Nupepa "New Life", i kekahi 'kumumea i loko o kona hana i i haʻalele. I ole lawe mai tangible, a makakū hopena a me kona ho'āʻo e kākau nohona satires ma topical pilikia, a ka nupepa "Lūkini hua'ōlelo" i manaoia e Taffy. Aia ka mea i paʻiʻia, mai 1910. I ia manawa, ke poo o ka Nupepa "King Humorous Ka Honua Nei" - V. Doroshevich ia iho, o ka papa, nānā 'ole o ka originality talena Taffy pono koke mai la oia i "ka nui nö ia i loko o ka Arabian ka lio, e lawe i ka wai."

A me ka mea kaulana kākau moʻolelo satirikonovtsem Averchenko ma ka hope o 1918, hele ma Taffy no kekahi manawa ma Kiev, kahi ia i mua manao e hoʻomaka lākou lehulehu helehelena, laila, ma hope a mau ae la ia i kekahi, a me ka hapalua makahiki o ka auwana ana ma ka hema o Rusia (ma Odessa, Novorossiysk a me Ekaterinodar) ka mea, i hiki aku ai, ma hope, ma Constantinople iho pono mai ai i Paris. I kona puke "Memories" (paʻiʻia i ka 1931), i mea ole he memoir i loko o ka truest ano o ka olelo, akā, e aho wale ka autobiographical moʻolelo, Taffy ua hiki i ka pono a me ka loa? Aeiino? I ka holoʻokoʻa ala o ko lākou noho malihini ai, a ua kakau iho la ia ia, aole loa ia i ka manaolana no ka māmā hoʻi i ka eha ma kona Moscow maoli.

Nā Ka Ana Aina, a me ka hana keaka ma Taffy ma hope o kona emigration markedly hoʻokāʻoi kekahi kaumaha, a hiki iki lono kaumaha motifs. Kēia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau, no ka mea, o ka makemake no kona'āina hānau - kekahi o ka ikaika o ka mea naʻau pilikia he nui nā meaʻeʻe moku. Aʻaʻole wale ia. ka wā o ka lōʻihi manawa mai i kapa i kou mau hoa a me nā hoahānau, oe i ike i ka hana ia ia He aha e oe i hana? Ia ka leo o ka pono, e e kōkua a me ke ahiahi mau naau,ʻaʻoleʻoe e loaʻa i wahi no ka iho.

Leo Taffy moʻolelo increasingly hiehie kekahi paakiki a koke conciliatory'āne. E like me ka hapanui o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ia mea he paakiki manawa, i ka hele ana ma kona hanauna, aole nae i loko o kekahi ala i hiki ia i hoololi ae i ke kānāwai mau loa, a ma kekahi manawa ka mea, ua hiki ole ke hoomaopopo i ka fleeting olioli o ke kaumaha, he lōʻihi manawa e e commonplace.

I ka wā e hiki mai, ka mea holoʻokoʻa Mahele World War, a me ka mahope hana o Taffy ola ole loa e waiho ana Paris. Eia naʻe, mai ka manawa i ka manawa o kona nohoʻae i ka olelo me ka heluhelu kā lākou mau hana a hiki i ka disparate immigrant hoolohe, a lilo ae la ia a mau loa aku emi i kela makahiki. Ua pono, i loko o kona makahiki kia-kaua Taffy ua kokoke mumulu mai memoir sketches o ko lākou mau palapala wā - mai ka Aleksandra Kuprina a me Konstantin Balmont i Grigoriya Rasputina.

Life Taffy hele aku i Paris ma 'Okakopa 6, 1952, a waiho ma ke kua o ka nui germ moʻomeheu, e pua no ka lōʻihi manawa, a hiki i hope, aole i hiki maopopo i ulana i loko o ka piko o na talena oiaio o ka moʻokalaleo.