'O ka'ōmole aniani Ionic

Loa'a nā solitū i loko o kahi'ano kuponaha a me ka amorphous a'oi aku ka nui o ka hana i ka crystalline. Ua i kekahi pololei wahi o na (particles) i loko o kaʻoi loa i ho'ākāka 'kumu, wehewehe aku ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika recurrence ma volumetric, ekolu-dimensional ka lewa. Inā mākou e ho'ohui pono i kēia mau māhele ma nā laina pololei - loa'a iā mākou kahi papa ho'olālā, kahi i kapa'ia he lattetaliani. 'O ka hua'ōlelo "hō'ailona kalaki" e pili ana i kahi ki'i honua e wehewehe i ka ho'olālā'ano'ekolu i ka ho'ohui'ia'ana o nā molecule (mau, a ion) ma ka wahi tio.

'O nā wahi o nā mea laulā i kapa'ia he mau lattices sites. I loko o nā'oko'a pili waena waena. ʻano a me ka ano o ka (particles) 'ōlelo therebetween: nā lātoma, nā'ātoma, Ion - i maopopo ai i ke' ano o ke aniani puka olu oia. Ma ke'ano,'ehā mau'ano i'ike'ia: ionic, atomic, moleula a me ka metallic.

Inā he mau kinona ma nā pūnaewele laulima ('o nā mea i loa'a'ole kahi maika'i'ole a i'ole ka hopena maika'i paha), a laila, he leki kalalahi ionic ia i kuhikuhi'ia e nā'ona like.

'O kēia mau pilina e ikaika loa a pa'a. No laila,'o nā mea lā'au me kēia'ano o ka hale, ua lawa ka pa'akikī a me ka ma'alahi, kūlahi'ole a me nā mea'ono. Ma nā mahana ha'aha'a, hō'ike lākou iā lākou iho he maulectlectric. Eia na'e, i ka wā e ho'ohehe'e'ia ai ia'ano pūhui, ho'ohapa'ia ka'āpana kala leki'ākika (ge ionetric) c ion (ion ion) a ua ho'ēmi'ia nā'aha ikaika.

Ma kahi pāmahana kokoke i ka pae ho'ohehe'e, ua hiki i nā kelika me ka ho'opa'apa'a ionic ke ho'oholo i ka mana uila. Hiki ke ho'ololi'ia ia'ano pūpū i loko o ka wai a me nā wai'ona'ē a'e,'o ia ho'i nā pola āpau.

'O ka'ōmole aniani kilokilo ke'ano o nā mea a pau me kahi'ano like me nā mea e like me ka ionic - salts, hydroxides hepili, pūpū binary o nā metala me nā mea kaulike'ole. Ionic hoopaa Aʻole ole i directivity ma ka makahiki, no kela a me keia ion ua pili i kekahi mau eea Ion, ka ikaika o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mamao ma waena o ia (Coulomb ka kānāwai). 'O nā mea i pa'a i nā mea i pa'a i ka Ionic, he kinolikū'ole lākou,'o lākou he solids me nā līkini ionic, ka polaity ki'eki'e, ka li'ili'i ki'eki'e a me nā helu o ka mea e puhi ai, i loko o nā hanana kūpa'a e hana pono. 'O nā pū'ona me nā pa'a ionic ma ke'ano'ōma'oma'o,'a'ole i loa'a.

'O ke kinikona kalaka Ionic ke'ano i loko o kekahi mau hydroxides a me nā mea kaupaona o nā metale ma'amau, pa'akai,'o ia ho'i. Waiwai me ka ionic Nine Inch hoopaa.

Ma waho a'e o ka pilikino ionic i loko o nā kelika, aia kekahi metallic, moleculate, a me ka pilina pa'a.

'O nā kāleka e pili pa'a ana he semiconductors a i'ole nā dielectrics. 'O nā hi'ohi'ona ma'amau o nā kenekomi'eneki he diamana, he kānikoni a me germanium.

'O ka Diamond he mea koleke, a me ka ho'opi'i kūmole o ke kalapona. 'O ka'ōmole tiohi o ke diamona he atomic, nui loa. Ma nā'āpana o ia'ano lekiwa he mau mana, e pili ana i nā'oko'a pa'a loa. 'O ka diamond he mau carbon carbon no kēlā me kēia, kahi i waenakonu o ke kīpoki, a'o nā ki'eki'e o ia mau hō'ailona'ehā. 'O ia'ano lekiō e hō'ike'ia ana e kahi kiko'oki pūpū pa'akikī i ho'ohālikelike'ia, kahi e ho'oholo ai i ka pa'akikī ki'eki'e o ka diamond a me ka pelekane ki'eki'e. 'A'ohe molekene i loko o ke kī'onika diamond - a'o ke keleka e hiki ke no'ono'o'ia he ho'okahi molina keu.

Eia hou, i ka'ātoma aniani puka olu oia i ano o ka silikone, paa boron, germanium a me ka hui o kanaka kumumea me ka silikone a me ka kalapona (ka silica i, pōaka, Mika, muliwai one, silikone carbide). I mau, 'elele o ka mea pōaka puaʻa hiwa me ka'ātoma puka olu oia i kŘpa a mau.