"Overton Window" - He aha ka keia kumumanaʻo?

KŘpa nei hoomaka e hoolaha 'atikala a hookuu aku la i ka pā like ana o kekahi o ka poe hooponopono kumumanaʻo. Ua kapaʻia kēia hoʻomanaʻo i ke kanaka noiʻi i hana ka mea, ua kapaʻia ka "Overton Window." Ke kumumanaʻo ponoʻole, a convincingly wehewehe pehea nohona a me ka informational hooponopono o like me ka a pau, a ma ka hope kenekulia hoʻohana i ka Euro-Akelanika mawaena konu o ka honua i ka mana kanaka a me ka lehulehu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ia 'ana o dehumanization, palaho, depersonalization a me ka razchelovechivanie a pau nohona strata.

Ke ae pā o ke kumumanaʻo

"Overton Window" - He aha ka keia hana? He He kumumanaʻo pili aupuni e wehewehe i nā palena o ka manaʻo no ka hiki hookamaia mai ma ke kaiāulu. Na na? Iaeoii i o ka manawa, aʻo kekahi ano o ka pukamakani.

Kēia kumumanaʻo kuhikuhi mai la lakou i ka viability kālai'āina o ka manaʻo. Ua huli mai, e lanakila i ka manao o ke kanaka ka mea e hiki ole ma ke noi ana o kekahi statesman. Kekahi manaʻo, e e apono ia e ka Company wale ina mea hina i loko o ka "puka aniani". Naʻe, eia kahi mea akaka i loko o ka papa inoa o ia mau manaÿo, a mea ma ka haawi manawa e e aeia lakou e na kanaka. A laila, i kēia mau manaʻo e e hiki ke hoopili aku i ke kulekele, makau no e hāʻiliʻili aku o ka extremism a radicalism ole. Ke 'oni iki o ka "puka aniani" ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka hihia o nā loli i ka lehulehu manao a me ka hanaʻana i ka heluna kanaka o keia a me ia kulekele.

Ka moolelo o ka

'Amelika sociologist Dzhozef Overton window o ka manawa no ka unacceptable moekoloheʻike manaʻo? Anoee, a hōʻike mai iā ia i ka lehulehu manao i ka makahiki 1990. I keia wā i hoʻolaunaʻia ma, ia i malamaia e like me ka hope pelekikena o Mackinac Center no Public Policy Center.

"Overton Window" - i ke ano o ka hopena ma lehulehu manao? Kēia mea,ʻaʻole brainwashing, a me ka 'ike loea hou Uluwehi O. Haʻi'ōlelo ka mea,ʻo ka'ōnaehana e ku noi, e like me ka mea zavualirovannost nāna hopena.

No ka laʻana, manaʻo kanaka i mua maliu Māhū subculture like hoʻi me kā lākou mau pono, e apono i na keiki, e mare a me ka paipai i ko lakou moe kohoʻia. I ka Ia manawa ua walaʻau e pili ana i ka mea i pau keia o ka papa maoli o nā mea a pau. Eia naʻe, ia mea,ʻaʻole no laila ia mākou convincingly Dzhozef Overton i ka makahiki 1990. Ka mea kākau hoike mai a pau, 'ike loea i ka mea ka poʻea pau a hiki i ka make ana o ka lehulehu kulanui, kūpono ma ka legalization o ka moekolohe manaʻo. A i mea e kū ai i ka makemake hopena, e mea pono e hana a pau elima anuu, e hele ana 5 "Overton Window." Ma keia ke kaiāulu kanaka mua hoʻomaka e hoohewa aku i kekahi manao unacceptable ia ia, neʻe maila ia i ke ano o ka pili, a laila, kau mai i ka mea hou i pinaiia o ke kanawai, a e loaa e i ka pono, e nei a nei i kekahi mea unimaginable.

E noonoo oe i ka "Overton Window" me he laʻana o ka cannibalism. I ka lā, i ka manaʻo o ka legalization o kanaka 'pono kīvila i ai kekahi i kekahi loa unimaginable. Propagation o keia kŰia e deploy i keia manawa mea wale ole i ke Akua. Societyʻiʻo nō e hōʻike aku i ka oiaio, i kēia hana weliweli. Eia naʻe, inā e hoʻomaka e hoʻohana i ka "Overton Window", i mea e haawi aku i ka poe i makemake e paipai i kēia manaʻo? E like me ka pähola 'ana o ka sociologist Amelika, i ka pāʻoihana o kēia pilikia ma ka manawa mea ma ka' Aʻohe ke kahua, a ua kapaia "hiki." Ke manaʻo hiki ke hoʻokō ma hope o ka pau 'ana o nā mea a pau o ke kahua o nā puka wai o ka wa pono wale. Ka mea, ke hana nei ia i ke ala me ka hitch.

Ma kēia kumumanaʻo, a moe kēia i ka manaʻo o nā kānaka, popularly mai nei Nikita Mikhalkov i loko o kona makakū polokalamu "Besogon". "Overton Window" i loko o kona mau manao, ua pinepine mākou TV pale, ma a na kanaka naau ke komo iloko o kekahi mea.

enehana

'Amelika sociologist ho'ākāka i nā hana e hiki ai ke kaiāulu kanaka, e lawe mai legalization loa kekahi manaʻo. Technology "Overton Window" ua i mohai aku ma ke haku ai. wale ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i ka na kiʻina hana, i ka hana o ka i hiki aku ai i ka makemake hopena. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, Overton hooku iho la ia, ua enehana ke hoʻohana i, ma kona laulā e oi aku i ka hookuuia kuʻi nukeliu.

Ka mua ke kahua

I ka loiloi mua kahua o keia pähola 'like "Overton Window" - aha mea keia kahua, aha manao ia poʻe hahai iā? E loaa i ka hopena makemake i loko o kaʻanuʻu mua e:

- hoʻopau kapu no ka kūkākūkā o ka ua kŰia;

- e ka manaʻo i lohe nuiʻia i waena o nā lālā o ke kaiāulu;

- kēpau i oaeouee? Kūkākūkā o keia kŰia;

- e hoʻokū i ka manao a hiki i ke kūlana o ka nui paʻa Halaman.

E loaʻa ai i kēia pahu hopu i kekahi kŰia ua hoʻolauna i loko o ka 'ike wahi like me ka'ano'ē-Caller. Kēia moku'āina o ka manaʻo, e,ʻo ka noonoo ana o ke kaiāulu.

Eia, noho'na makaainana i ulu kūkākūkā pae paha i nā hele i loko i hoʻonohonoho 'ia. "Hiki" i nā hoʻoneʻe i "radically". Unnoticed e ka lehulehu a i kŰia, i mea i loko o ka papa ciia, e unwind kumu o ka 'ike i kekahi mau laʻana. Kēia, e kau i mua kilohi maikai manao - e loaʻa mai paha ia i ka kŰia weliweli, a me ke kumu ole hana ia? He aha penei ka ka hopena e pono kekahi kanaka hana ana, oiai ka mea, ua pomaikai lakou.

Ua hiki "olokaa mai" kumumanaʻo "Overton Window" cannibalism. I mea e unuhi ia mai unimaginableʻike manaʻo i loko o ka wahi o ka'ano'ē, e hiki ke ohi ethnological symposium e noonoo pono i ka kumuhana e like me "mea lahaʻole rituals o ka Polynesian ohana." Eia,ʻepekema, e noho malalo iho o ke kamailio e pili ana i ka kŰia o ka cannibalism, a e lilo ka loiloi mua pähola 'ana o ka neʻeʻana i kapaia "Overton Window." Kēia ka anu u, i i ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i loko o ka loiloi 'ia o nei lehulehu manao e hoʻololi irreconcilable e pili ana i ka maikaʻi. Ka mua ke kahua ua hiki. Theme hoʻolauna i ka holo a me ka luku aku i ke kapu ma kūkā ana ia.

Kēia pähola 'i loko o ko mākou'āina i kona vivid examples. "Overton Window" ho'āʻo eʻoni aʻe, e noi ana i ka ninau i loko o ka Media e pili ana i ka likelihood o ka haawi ana o Leningrad i mea e pale i ka make ana o ka helu nui o kanaka, a me kekahi hōʻike i ka hoʻohālike o Lūkini 'Olumepika koa me ka SS luna. Mau mea typical hihia o ka pae mua o kēia kumumanaʻo, i ka wa a ka theme like ua loko mai o ka loa ciia. Inā ka poe e like, e lawe ia no i koe, a me ke kapuai ka i koe, ka mea e lawe wahi koho. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ka poʻe Lūkini i ole kūkākūkā kumuhana i manaoia e ia, e noonoo pono i kūlike loa hoino ia.

lua o ka wāwae

Pehea hiki hou mai ana "Overton Window"? Ke kumumanaʻo E hoomanao i ka mea e hiki mai ana ke kahua o ka hana a me ka hoʻololi mai i ka "'ano'ē" i ka "oluolu". Mawaena o ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o keia kahua - hakahaka o ka mua kapu manaÿo i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a hoowahawaha mai mua hua'ōlelo i unuhi 'ia i loko o ka emotionally'ākilikai euphemisms. Ma keia hewa kŰia ua hoʻololi kona kikokikona manaʻo. Ua Ua haawiia mai kekahi inoa e haawi i ka maikaʻi connotation. I ka Ia manawa e hoʻolako 'ike e pili ana i ka mōʻaukala kanaka a hanana ka hoohuoi ana i kekahi ala e hiki ai i kekahi ma mua o ka unacceptable kŰia. Ua hana ka mea, i hoaponoia mai, akā, no kekahi hapa o ke kaiāulu ka haʻaheo i ka manaʻo e mākou a pau i hewa.

About pehea e hou möhala i ke kaʻina hana o ka legalizing cannibalism, me examples hiki. "Overton Window" e hoʻomau i ka neʻe me ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ka Kuhikuhi 'ia ka noiʻi. Ua hiki aku i ka manaʻo i ka mea makemake ole, e kūkākūkā i kēia kumuhana kekahi, aole ia e nae i ka ike. Ua hiki ke noʻonoʻo i kekahi bigot a me ka hookamani. Ia laua i ka cannibalism kekahi leo hone inoa e e haawiia mai. Kēia wahi mea nui loa ia no ka legalization o hiki manaʻo. E like me ka hopena o ka cannibalism hou i koe. Aia hoi, no ka laʻana, anthropophagy. Inā kēia ho'ākāka 'ana e koke mai e noʻonoʻo kūpono', ka mea i koke UAIAaIN e kekahi.

Ke kumu o inventing hou hua'ōlelo mea he holo, mai ke 'ano o ka pilikia a me kona notation. Ke kinona o ka lau i ka olelo ana, a me kona maʻiʻo, i hoonele ideological mau hoa paio kėia manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē.

A me ka holoholona hihiu ma laila mea he hanaia'na o ka olua inoa precedent. Ka malamalama ua huki mythological, Home Land, he, a pololei i ka fictional hihia, a pono e legitimized. E huli iā ia e like me ka "maopopo" paʻa mau mea, ma ka rula, hiki e legalize cannibalism. No ka laʻana, ua hiki ke hoole i ke kaʻao o ka makuahine ka mea, e hoola ia kā lākou mau keiki, mai ka makewai, ua inu hoʻi i kā lākou mau koko. A me na akua kahiko! Ka mea, ano laulā, ai nā mea a pau i loko o ka lalani. Na Romans manaoio keia kŰia mea maʻamau, a kūlohelohe! Kuhikuhi 'ia kēia mau kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē, ke kākau AIM e hoike orgy o cannibalism karaima impunity. Ina ka mea, ua hiki wale nō i kekahi manawa, i loko o kekahi mōʻaukala koke.

Ke kolu o ke kahua

ʻike manaʻo "Overton Window" ma keia kahua ua pahuna ma:

- apono ana o ka manaʻo o maoli kinoea, a kūlohelohe ano o ka kŰia ma lalo o kūkākūkā;

- ka hoʻopau o mau kino a hiki i ke kumuhana like loa unacceptable.

Ma ia kahua, he mea i hoʻololi mai "oluolu" i "kupono". Ka pilikia, e like me ka mua a pau, ua maheleia i na mea he nui? Ueo. i kekahi o ia mau mea weliweli, a me ka hope, i loa oluolu a me ka meaʻala. Ma keia hihia, no ka lehulehu ua hooku iho la ia i ka hailona ana i kekahi mau kumu o ka Hawaii ma kela a me keia o na 'ano o ka pilikia i ka i kaheaia loa respectable kona mau lala.

Ma keia kahua o ka neʻeʻana, "Overton Window" i loko o ka mahalo o ka cannibalism hiki ke hōʻike mai iā ia ka poʻe me ke ano i loko o ka Media o ia mau māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana:

- anthropophilia hoʻonāukiuki;

- ka mea i makemake ia ia i kekahi kanaka-mea eʻai ana i loko o hoʻomaopop 'ana i ke' ano o ke kanaka;

- pakahi aku la ia i ka hua i papaiaʻi mea ono, a no laila, ma luna o ..

Ma ka lehulehu manaʻo hana iʻimi hoʻopunipuni kahua o ke kaua. mea i indifferent i ka hihia Normal kanaka, hopu koke lakou i ke kūlana o ka'ano'ē poʻeʻenemi. I ka Ia manawa, nā kānaka moʻolelo a me nā kānakaʻepekema hoao hoi i ka pau o ka nohona i manaʻo kanaka ma ka moolelo o kona ola, mai manawa i ka manawa, hānai i kekahi i kekahi, a me ia mea he maʻamau.

Ka ha o ke kahua

Ke kumu o kaʻanuʻu neʻe "Overton Window" - Ka hali 'o ka pilikia, mai ke kahua mai o "reasonableness" i "mahaloia". Ma kēia kahua.

- ke kaʻana like 'ike ma ka nuipa a kŰia ma lalo o kūkākūkā;

- i loko o ka lehulehu ike paka i hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o ka mea maoli alo o ka pilikia;

- i nā pōhaku puna examples mai maikaʻi-ike kanaka, 'aʻole i i rejection o ka heluna kanaka.

Ke'ī mai, i ka ha o ke kahua o ka hanaia ana o kekahi hiʻona o ka kŰia. Ma ka papa o ka 'ikepili helu ee makou. Media na kii palapala i loko o ka mahuahua ma ka hiʻona o ka manaʻo ana e kamailio e pili ana i na kanaka, ka poe i komo i loko o kēia kŰia, a pela i uʻi, aole wale ma ka hana, aka, i ka nānā aku.

A me ka mea hiki e popularized cannibalism? Anthropophagus massively hoʻolauna ma ka olelo ana E hoike mai a me ka nūhou. People E i ke akea hoi o ka makana i loko o nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ma ka wikiō pakalōlō a me nā mele hana e mele. He hiki i ka pili a me kekahi o ka popularization o 'ana i kūpono, i kapaia "E nana i ka aoao." Ka Media hai aku no i ka cannibalism kaulana haku mele a he mea kuhikuhi, a e e haawiia ike e pili ana i loaa miliona o cannibal compatriots i loko o ka nuthouse.

Ma keia ke kahua o ka kumuhana, e hele mai i loko o ka luna, a hoʻomaka i samoproizvoditsya ma kālai'āina, a no laila, polubiznese. D. I mea e ho'āpono aku i ka poe kokua o ka legalization o keia weli manaʻo i humanized hewa. Ka mea, i ia he maikaʻi ala, ua loaʻa i ka makemake kāna moʻolelo. Na kanaka hiki ke olelo aku i ka mea, e makakū kanaka, ka mea, i ka IQ kiekie ae, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Ka lima o ke kahua

Ma keia anu u he mea i ka pilikia o ka unuhi kahua "hiʻona" i loko o ka laulā o "Kalaiaina". Ma keia hihia, i ka i kēia Pahuhopu:

- ka kŰia o ka unuhi i loko o ka moana pili aupuni;

- i ka olelo hoolaha o negation o ka manaʻo o nā pono kīvila aʻe ';

- ka pōkole i loko o ka ike paka i ko kanaka i ka io e pili ana i ka hōʻole o ka kŰia.

Honua "Overton Window" ma keia kahua, he mea hiki i ka hopena o ka lehulehu pilina ana, kūpono ma ka kŰia e e hoohalike ana me ka kaiapili-kālai'āina. Ma keia hihia, ka mua seemingly unacceptable manaʻo hoʻomaka e e komo i loko o ka papahana o ka kūkā o nā nīnūnē e noi ana politika a me loio i noho. Ma keia hihia, no ka pilikia e ia ke hōʻike i ka lehulehu, e like me ka mea i mālama pono "hapa", i mea ma lalo o hoʻoweliweli.

Ma ka hope ke kahua o ka neʻeʻana, "Overton Window" ua hoomakaukau kanawai. Society i keia manawa ua ua make. Wale i ka loa holomua hapa o ka mea e ku imua o ka wahi kiʻekiʻe i ke ano o ke kānāwai a nei unimaginable mea. Eia naʻe, ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka a pau i Ua uhaʻiʻia, a me ka like me ko lakou make.

ka hopena o ka 'ike loea hou

E like me ka hopena o ka hele ana ma nā mea a pau i ka elima kūlana kumumanaʻo i kapaia "Overton Window" manaʻo kanaka ua losing kona pā lokahi. Akā, wale i ka lilo o ka ehaeha a me ka paio noho me na kanaka. O ka mea hooko i kēia 'enehana, aole ia i AIM e e pau hauʻoli kanaka. "Window" ana ua i, e loaa i ka makemake maʻi lele i loko o ka ulu ana o ke kaiāulu. Mea hoʻohana ke'ōlelo mai hoʻomaka e lilo mai hoopa aku i ko lakou moʻomeheu a me ka aa. Ka mea, lilo kūlana a me ka callous. An kumu o keia hiki e ke kiʻekiʻe he pepehi anaʻia iā iho ana, i ka nānāʻana aku i loko o ka ulu 'aina. Ia mea ke kumu, ua hiki ke olelo ia a pau o ka luna - maoli luku 'enehana he. "Overton Window" hoonele kanaka o ka manaʻo kanaka, e alakai ia lakou i ka lukuia'na.

kū'ē

Ko oukou pale ana i ka aoao o ka manaʻo wahahee hiki ia i ka hoʻokō 'ole' wahi a mau "maʻamau". Wale hoʻokoe iho i kā lākou iho individuality,ʻaʻole mākou e haawi hooponopono o ia iho i loko o ka hewa lima. Mai hele a ku ma ka papakaukau manipulation o ke kaiāulu, e hiki ai i ka aoao, oi aku a me ka moʻomeheu o ko lākou mau kūpuna, ka mea ia pono e akahele waiho waho, a hoomalu. Kēia mau mau loa Hawaiʻi, e kōkua i ka malama i ka individuality o kēlā a me na kanaka. Kēia 'aʻole e pono i ke hahai i ka mooolelo loa-Party An. Lawa i ka mahalo ia a me ka hale kūʻai. A ia mea waiwai e hoomanao ana i ka 'ike loea hōʻike Overton, ka hapanui hoopuni pili i loko o ka tolerant kaiāulu kahi loaʻa nō ole ideals, i maopopo hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka pono a me ka hewa.