Periodization o Roma kānāwai, kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka evolution

Ke evolution o periodization o Roma kānāwai - i ka loiloi mua manaÿo i loko o ke ao o ka loio i ka hoʻopaʻi 'ana, e like me ka mea i Roma kānāwai kuai he ao waiwai. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka nui, e hoike ana ia mea mai o na mooolelo vaults o kekahi kanaka ma manawa iho i loko o ke ao lākou o nā kānāwai o ka honua kahiko. Periodization o Roma kānāwaiʻo ia ka mea ike i ka mea hiki. A e pili ana i ka mea e e kūkā mai no hoi ia.

archaic manawa

Periodization o Roma kānāwai kumu:

• Unwritten kānāwai.
• Poʻe iaʻike na nā.
• kānāwai ke aliʻi.

I ka 510, ke alii (REX) noenoe hoʻokumu repubalika oia hoi o ka noa poe kanaka (civis). Nolaila i ka inoa "kivila pono", i mea ole.

Predklassichesky wā: ka mua codification

Periodization codification o Roma kānāwai hoʻomaka me ka huapalapala mua - "Kanawai o ka 12 i na papa ai." Ke ku okoa ana paio ana o na plebeians a me patricians ma Roma alakai aku ai i ka meaʻikeʻia i loko o 451 BC. e ka. ka mua kānāwai i loko o Roma. O ka holo ana, i ole manaʻoi manao ka mea, mai, na rula a pau i ola mua i loko o ka palapala ana i kekahi mooolelo, akā, na patricians, he ku e ia, no ka mea, makemake hoonele ia i likeʻole outrages ma kaiāulu. Ano, i ka pau 'ana ma' aelike i paa.

"Kanawai I Kauia E 12 papa" hoomakaukau i ka kūikawā Komisina o decemvir, a no ka makahiki i hana ma luna o ia mau mea.

E pio poe makemake i ka incorporation o ka hui kūmau: waiwai, procedural, karaima, a me kekahi mau makai hooponopono. Akā, mamua o keia, i malamaia no ka 'ole thematically: initially hele procedural rula, alaila, hele mai i ka papaʻaina o Contents no na kūmau o ka' ohana ana, i ka walu - karaima ai, i ka umi o ka pūʻulu nani iloko o hoʻolewa oihana, aʻo kona manao i ka Roma ke kaiāulu ka mea, ua i ka pau pilikia, a 'ole. d.

Kēia kino i mālama ai me ke kumu hoʻohālike no ka wā e hiki mai codification o na kanawai, e like me ka mea i conciseness a me ka mōakaaka.

Periodization o ka Roma ponoi kānāwai kekahi originates maiʻaneʻi. "Kanawai I Kauia E 12 papa" no ka manawa mua i kākau i ka waiwai i ua palekana ma lalo o ka eha o ka make, a me ka noho kauwa legalized.

Periodization o Roma kānāwai: no ka hōʻikeʻiaʻana o pontifical loio i ike

Pontiffsʻaʻole pono nā kāhuna o Roma, me na kanaka manaʻo, e aho, ka mea, o ka poe kakaolelo mua hoʻolako 'aʻo i kanaka. Ka mea, he haʻilula lawsuits a me ke ano o ke kānāwai. No hana 'ē aʻe ma mua o ka poʻe i helu' ia i loko o ka "12 papa", aole ana loio i ikaika.

Pontiffs i he monopoly ma ka clarification o ka loio i kūmau o ka pio mai, e like me nā mea a pau o ka waihona ma e noho ana i loko o ka luakini o Saturn. Ka mea, hiki no hoi formally möakäka hou noi o na rula, a me ka mau hua'ōlelo i loko o ka mea'ē aʻe wahi, i hiki i uhi ia e ke kānāwai. I ua maoli hana laekahi hana papa o ka Aha Kiekie, ma ko kakou aina.

Hoʻokaʻawale o ka Ahahookolokolo

Trial periodization o Roma kānāwai nā lā hoʻi i 367 BC. e ka. me ka hookamaia ana o ke kānāwai, i ka initiator o i i ka lunatausani Licinius stolons. E like me ka mea, kekahi o na kanikela elua (o ka lani kiekie loa kulana) pono manawa e koho mai na plebeians. Olioli ole me na patricians lilo lākou monopoly ma luna o ka mana kiekie loa i loko o ka moku'āina. E like me ka "mea nana e kokua makana" ka mea, ua i ka hoʻokumu o ka hou kau no ia ia iho - ka hoʻokiwikā praetor, Hope Kanikela, ka mea i hana kūikawā ma ka pololei. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi ka huiʻoihana e auaaeaiea o ka hou aupuni - o ka Ahahookolokolo.

hana o ka praetor

Pretor nanea mana nui i loko o ke kūlanakauhale,ʻo ia ma hope o ka waiwai o ke ola, e piele lakou hana, e lawelawe pono.

O ka holo ana, i ka nānā 'ana i kana hana ma ke kanawai, akā, loa pinepine aku la i kona mau hoʻoholo ku e ia lakou. I kekahi manawa, i ole amenable i kekahi wehewehe mākouʻiʻo nō o kēia mau kānāwai. Kekahi lunakanawai i kēia lā, i laila, no ka like hihia uku ku pono ana pāʻoihana.

Periodization o Roma kānāwai kikowaena kekahi hanana nui - Hydrangea Kanawai, e ka Lā 287 makahiki BC. e ka. E like me ia ia ia, Pono e hoʻokō i ka hoopai o ka plebiscite a me nā kānaka. He Heʻano o ke koho ana o ka ahaolelo i loko o ka Roma Repubalika. Ano formally plebeians i ka aeia no kulana, e like me ka olelo hooholo o ka 'elele kino nei, e hoopaaia ma nā mea a pau. i ole i Patricia ke kuleana e hana i kānāwai. Nā plebeians he mau pono a me nā kūlana hana, no ka mea, ka mea, ua hamama no a pau oiai ka malama ana i ka exclusivity o ka waiwai o ka plebeian luna.

Ka muli o ka "pono o nā lāhui kanaka" a me ka auaaeaiea hope loa o nā mea e pono ai praetorian

Periodization o ka moolelo o Roma kānāwai i loko o predklassichesky au o ka Naauao a me ka sīwila praetorian akau me ke kahua o ka pono no laila-kahea o nā lāhui kanaka. Rome luku Carthage, a hopu i ka pau ana o Italy, hoomaka ae la e hoÿonui ai kona palena a pau ma luna o ka honua. Puʻe wale mai hiki ke noho ia colonization, ka mea, ua i hou.

Haʻalele Roma kānāwai - kohoʻia, ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hou realities. New kānaka i ke kanaka loio i'ōnaehana, moʻomeheu a me nā kuʻuna Hawaiʻi. E unify ke ao nei a pau ma lalo o nā kānāwai o ke kulanakauhale he mea hiki ole.

Ma lalo o kēia mau rula, i 242, i ka auaaeaiea o ka kūikawā kulana o Praetor, e ka pololei iloko o ka pili aloha ma waena Roma poe kanaka a me Pellegrino (haole).

Hookolokolo mana waiho ana i ka paulele i ka hoʻomana Nui, ka mea pono e lawe mai i ke kaʻina hana e like me ka kūikawā haʻilula (no nā papakuhikuhi). Eia kekahi nā papakuhikuhi (keʻano o ka hanaʻana) hoʻouka kekahi edicta a i hai mai, a pilina e e hoomalu pono i ka pou Pretoria. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, kūkulu i procedural rula, e like me ke ano o ka haumāna kanawai ma kekahi mau 'kanaka. Ke hou Praetor, ka mua edicts, akā,ʻo ia hiki, a nāna hoʻi i hana hou poʻe. Succession uaʻaʻole pono.

Praetor hiki ole hana i loko o ke ku e ana i ka "12 papa" a me nā kānāwai o ka plebiscite a me ke Senate, akā,ʻo kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kūpono 'ana o ka loio i'ōnaehana hana mea akaka ia ia mea hiki ole ia i koi' ia nā loina o ka olelo a pau. Kēlā me kēia loio i mea - kanaka kaʻina me kona nuances. Roma kānāwai me kaupalena 'loio i burrows, na kumu o ka poe ka "12 papa" plebiscite pāʻoihana a me kekahi o ka Senates hiki ole uhi a pau, ao ke ano o ke ola. Huikau kulana home 'ole "pono o nā lāhui kanaka" iloko o ke anoe o ka Roma keiki ma kēia kulekele.

A pau keia i praetors manawa kupono e hana i ko lakou mau hoʻoholo ma hoopaapaa a me ka controversial minute. Akā, ua iʻike maoli nae mau kānāwai. Hookolokolo precedent ua i manaoia he kumu o ke kānāwai. Na mea a pau me ka hookamaia o ke kanawai Ebutsiya i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka II hoʻololi. BC. e ka. He legalized ka loio i hāpai 'o Hookolokolo luna.

Me ka Hekikai o pretorskogo kānāwai i loko o kona ano hope ua hoopuka ia i ka 'ohana ka palekana o ka waiwai pono, e like me na hoopii a hiki i ka Apana Hookolokolo luna i kuhikuhi i waiwai hihia. Ua Ua nolaila, ua anao? Aou i ka hana Praetor, e komo i loko o aneiai hoopaapaa ma waena o na kanaka o Roma, a Pellegrino.

Periodization o ka ulu ana o Roma kānāwai kikowaena ka hoʻokahuli - ka hookamaia o nā kānāwai August 17 BC. Hawaii., ma i i hōʻoki aku hookupaa i ko lakou mau olelo edicts o kēlā hou Praetor. A pau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i laila, hoʻokahi, a me ka loio i nenoaia i undergone ka hoʻololi 'ana, a me ka hapanui importantly, systematization.

Kēia ua pono, no ka Rome like me ka moku'āina ua he nui hoʻopololei. Makahiki hoʻololi kānāwai a me proceduralʻano a wale worsened ke kālepa a me ka hoʻomalu e hooponopono. Oiai Pelegrin e hoʻokele e kiʻi ai i ka mamao panalaau la, a mākou i loaʻa iā ia e hoʻololi i nā kānāwai. Fast kohoʻia a me ka ikaika aku loli o ke kanawai e pono ai i loko o ka uuku moku'āina. A hiki aku oe e hana i ka nui loa aupuni a pau, ma ka mea ku ole, pono ai malama ana a me ka unification o a pau na keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Hiʻona o ka panina wā

E möakäka hou periodization Roma kānāwai kikowaena i ke au o ka panina wā. I ka 27 BC ma Roma hoʻokumu Principate. A pau i ke kumu o ke kānāwai i kia wale i loko o ka lima o ka Auguseto ma ke kumukānāwai (constitutionis principium). A pau o ia hana me ka papa pilikia o ka moku'āina, a māheleʻia aʻela i loko o 4 kūmole:

1. Edicts - na mau kānāwai.
2. Kānāwai - kānāwai ma luna o nā nīnūnē kiko'ī.
3. Rescripts - hoohalike ana hoi, o ka pilikia nīnūnē.
4. Mandates - 'oihana wehewehena o ke kula.

Hiʻona o ka hooulu ana o ke kānāwai i loko o ka lāʻau kū-panina wā (284-476 GG, BC. E.)

Periodization o Roma kānāwai Postclassic welau. 'O kēia ka hoopilikia o ka emi hope loa o ke kānāwai, a me ka loio iʻoihana kahuna. Inā ka Classic wā o ko lākou kānāwai-hana i pili i ka lapaau, a me ka hana ana o ka imperial kumukānāwai, i loko o ka lāʻau kū-panina manawa, ka mea, ua huli i ka maʻamau luna aupuni.

Aia He He hou periodization o Roma kānāwai e pili ana i ka mahele o Roma aupuni a pau i loko o ka West, laila, lawe pio ai ma ka lokomaikai o, a me ka Hawaiian.

Development kuleana pili i ka Auguseto o ka hikina mai Roma aupuni a pau ma Constantine, ka mea i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka Komisina o Jurists. Loko o 5 makahiki ka mea, ua hana 3 o ka codification:

1. Kulanui - ka oihana alakai no ka hookupaa kānāwai kula.
2. Dagesty - he ohi ana o na hana o ka Roma jurists a pau.
3. Code - he ohi o imperial kānāwai (ke Kumukanawai).

I Justinian Code hemolele, a komo pū novels - Justinian Kumukanawai (ma keia hope aku i ka manawa "ka pono").

Periodization a me ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka evolution o Roma kānāwai

1. Archaic wā (753-451 BC.) -. 7 aliʻi noho aliʻiʻana. Main kumu: hihia kānāwai a unwritten kānāwai, kānāwai i ke alii, a me ka mooolelo.
2. ? Ac? O ka kivila akau (451-449 BC.) -. Creation o "Kanawai o ka XII papa", he monopoly ma ke ano o ka pono o na pontiffs.
3. Predklassichesky wā (3-1 kenekulia BC ...) - hanana pretorskogo pono a me ka ho okumu i kekahi "kanaka pono".
4. Panina wā (27 BC - .. 284 AD ..) - ka wale kumu o ke Kumukanawai o ka Auguseto.
5. Postclassical (mai ka 284 AD ..) - ka emi o ke kānāwai i loko o West Rome, codification a me ka jurisprudence pomaikai no au ma Byzantium.