Pliny ka Pehea: Kawaihae a me ka hoʻoilina

Ke Roma kākau moʻolelo a me ka statesman, Pliny ka Pehea mea kaulana no kona waiho ai i ka palapala, a me kona mau kākā'ōlelo. Kona 'oihana uluʻana i loko o ka noho alii ana o Emperor Trajan, a me ka "Golden Age" o ka moku'āina kahiko.

ohana

I ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo Pliny ka Pehea i hānau i loko o '61 ma ka akau o Italy, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Como. Ia no ka aina i ka aristocratic ohana. Kona makua kāne ua nui he luna ka mea i hana i loko o ka kūloko kulanakauhale. Ma kaʻaoʻao maternal konaʻanakala Pliny ka Pehea ua Pliniy Starshy (22-79 makahiki.). He ua no hoi he mea kākau moʻolelo. Kona "Natural History" ua he kaulana puke noiʻi kūʻikena, a i hoolilo ai i maoliʻike manaʻo a me nä mea. Pliny lilo i kona makua kāne, ma hope i kona i aponoia e kona makua, ka mea i haawi mai kāna keiki hanauna i ka pono ma ia manawa hoʻonaʻauao.

makua o ka make

Uncle a keiki i ike i ka weliweli pele o Vesuvius ma Pompeii i ka 79 AD. Pliniy Starshy i ka manawa ua i ka kūloko luna o ka'auwaʻa. No kekahi kumu,ʻo ia ma luna o ka moku, a kokoke i ka lua pele nui mea loihi, no ka mea, o ka mea i uaʻapu kōheoheo ma na nahu o ka luaipele. Pliny ka Pehea i laila wale nō he umikumamawalu keikikane. Hope, ma kekahi o kona mau palapala i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Tacitus,ʻo ia, e wehewehe mai i ka noho ana o ka pōʻino. Hoikehonua, moʻolelo makemake ole ua aʻo kekahi lāliʻi e pili ana i ka lua i ana o Vesuvius, ināʻaʻole no ka Pliny ka Pehea. Pompeii lilo i kona alii a me ka pahu kapu weliweli hana o ka wā e ola ana.

'oihana p

Pliny aʻo ma ka hale me kona mau makua. Akā, ma ka hou, ka mea, ua hana ia ma ka oihana ho okumu Virginia Ruth, ka mea i kekahi manawa ke hiki lilo Auguseto, akā, hōʻole ia ke ola. A lohe o Pliny nui mai, wae iho la oia he nâ kivila kauwa. E hana i kēia, ua neʻe akula ia Roma, kahi āna i aʻo ma ke kula ritorskoy. Ua ma ka pau 'ana o ka lua o ka umi ia i ka manawaleʻa kanaka opiopio la ia i hoomaka ai e aʻo i nā kumu o ke o ka' uao.

Ma lalo o ka Emperor Domitian lunaʻo ia i ka kilakila 'oihana. By '94, i lilo prefect o ka oihana koa waihonakala. Ua ua he loa ke kino kulana, a koi nui detractors Pliny. Wale i i haawi mai i ka untimely ka make ana o ka Emperor i aristocrat make, no ka denunciation wahahee.

He kokekau wale Trajan

I '98 hele mai la i ka mana, i ka Auguseto Trajan. He ua i ka pili a me ka hilinai pilina me Pliny. No laila, ka mea hou kiaaina i kauoha ia e ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ano nui ke aupuni kulana. I ka 100 Pliny lilo kanikele, a ua i loko o ke kulanui o ke kahuna augurs ekolu makahiki ma hope. Mau kanaka hana he nui lehulehu ume ia i loko o ka wa kahiko pagan kaiāulu. Augurs koho koke ihola nō a me ka divinity personified mana o ka Auguseto.

Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i ka lehulehu hana, Pliny aole haʻalele i kona kānāwai hana. He ua kekahi o ka poe akamai loa ua mahaloia ma ke poʻo o ka kānāwai. Iloko o na makahiki o kaʻeleu hana, keia kanaka i waiwai, a loaʻa lākou mau Villas. Akā,ʻo ia i i hoʻopoina e pili ana i philanthropy. No ka laʻana, i ke kulanakauhale i ka hale o Como i loa i ka ikaika haipule. Ka mea, ua Pliny ka Pehea Guy. Pōkole Kawaihae o keia kanaka ka ola o ka laʻana o exponential aristocrat o ka Roma aupuni a pau i kona heyday.

I 110 Pliny ka makahiki i kona hope lehulehu oihana. Trajan i kauoha mai ai ia ia legate i loko o ke keʻena panalāʻau o Bitunia, ma ka palaho lanakila. Ke Auguseto manaolana i ke kaulana o luna, a me ka loio e e hiki i ka puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi i kēia hewa. Pliny noho ma Asia Minor no ka makahikiʻekolu, a make iho la i ka 113 makahiki.

palapala, ai ''āina hoʻoili

Mai ka palapala, ai ''āina hoʻoili o ka mea kākau o ka loa maikaʻi-ike palapala o Pliny ka Pehea i ka Emperor Trajan. Ka mea i kākau i loko o ka makahiki hope o kūhelu ola, i kona noho ana ma Bitunia, a ua mālama i hoʻopā aku i ke aliʻi ma nā leka i wale. Ua paʻiʻia kēia mau hana ma hope o kona make ana, a mea he maikaʻi loa mamuli o ka epistolary Ke 'ano moʻokalaleo.

E like me ka palapala ana o Pliny ka na hanauna a pau o nā moʻolelo hookolokolo aku la ia i ke ola a me ka aoao o ka Roma aupuni a pau ma ka huli ana o ka I a me II kenekulia. Kākau o ka ike maikaʻi o he Roma, a i kona palapala i mākaukau noi no ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka' ōlelo. Ma kona mau palapala Trayanu Pliny hōʻike,ʻaʻole wale hikina ola ka, akā, i ka hailona o ka laua kamailio ana e pili ana i kālai'āina. Eia hou, oia pinepine haawiia keia i ke Karistiano nā kaiāulu mua, ka mea ma ia manawa i noho ai i loko o ke aupuni a me kekahi wahi kanaka kolohe nei.

No ka Pliny Ua augur no kekahi manawa, oia ua aʻoʻana iā Kalani i loko o kaʻoihana mea. Ma ka Roman aupuni a pau, i ka cult o ka Auguseto i haawi. Poe Kristiano hoole ia, no ka mea ka mea, i ua hoʻouluhua 'ana e nā luna. Pliny i loko o kona mau palapala hōʻike i ka oihana o na kanaka e noho ana i loko o ke kalaka nui-kaiaulu.

Iloko o ke ola ana o ka mea kākauʻo ia i paʻiʻia eiwa puke o kona mau palapala, hoouna aku i keʻano o ke kanaka. Kekahi o ia Pliny wela ua kūkākūkāʻia me kona mau addressees, hōʻike i kona Hone ritorskoe nō. I kona ka hōʻike o ka manaʻo,ʻo ia hoʻi me pinepine Cicero. Pliny ka palapala i Classics o Roma moʻokalaleo. Ka mea, ua ua unuhi i loko o Lūkini, a komo i loko o kulanui puke ma ka mōʻaukala a me ka like monographs.