Ismail Gasprinskii i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Crimea

Ismail Gasprinskii, kona ola a me ka hana i mea e hoohalike ai no na mea he nui - he poʻokela Crimean mea aʻo, kākau moʻolelo, hoʻopuka a me ka lehulehu huahelu. Ma keia pepa, ke haawi aku i ka manawa pōkole Kawaihae o kekahi kanaka kaulana. E hai mai no hoi oe e pili ana i ke kūlana pâʻani 'o ia ma ka Ismail Gasprinskii i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Crimea.

Me Kinohi, kamaliʻi

Ismail i hānau i loko o March 1851. Kēia hanana i wahi i loko o ke kauhale Avdzhikoy kahi kokoke i Bakhchisaray. Kona makua kāne i ka lutanela ma ka inoa o Mustafa. Helu hoʻonaʻauao Ismail Gasprinskii la ka hale, ma hope i kona aʻo ma ke kauhale kula-mektebe (Muslim kula). Hope ana, ia i puka 'o ia mai ka Simferopol gymnasium i laila lākou i heluʻia i loko o ka Voronezh Cadet mau pūʻali.

I ka wā mai ka MH 1864 a hiki i 1867, Ismail Bey Gasprinskii aʻo ma ka Moscow koa kula. Act i loko o ia i ka 'ihiʻihi kula i hiki no ka mea, o kona makuakane, ua i loko o ka lehulehu hana. A, Mustafa Gasprinskii no a hiki i ka genus o ka Crimean Murza, ka poe i equated ana ka Lūkini hanohano.

Nui hui 'ana, ho okumu o ka ideology

Ismail ma Moscow i mau hoaaloha a me ke keiki Mihaila Katkova, luna hoʻoponopono o ka "Moscow News" a me ke kaulana Slavophile. Kekahi manawa Gasprinskii noho i loko o kona 'ohana. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia koke hoi i kona'āina. Ismail ka hoʻomaka 'ana e ao ana ma Bakhchisarai (i loko o Zincirli Madrasa) i ka 1867. Ma hope o 3 makahiki, hele aku la ia i Paris, kahi ana i hele haʻi'ōlelo ma ka Sorbonne, a i hana like me ka unuhi a me ka ua i ka kakauolelo o ua Turgenev, ka mea kaulana Lūkini kākau moʻolelo.

Mahope Gasprinskii e pili ana i ka makahikiʻo ia i noho ai i loko o Kou. Mai laila aku oia i palapala aku palapala i ka Lūkini nūpepa. Ma kahi e, Ismail i ka manaʻo a me ka ike, a i laila, no Turtle hoohalike ana. Ka mea, ua crystallized i loko o ka viable ideology, e ho'ōla huli i loko o ka poʻokela reformer Gasprinsky.

oihana

A hoʻi hou aʻela ia Crimea Ismail no kekahi manawa i mālama ai i ke kumu. Eia naʻe, i loko o Pepeluali 1879, ua lilo o Meia o ke kulanakauhale o Bakhchisarai. Ma kēia kūlana noho Gasprinskii a hiki i March 1884

Gasprinsky sketch i kona mau manao

I ka makahiki 1881, Ismail palapala iho la i ka (essay) me ke kuleana "Russian Hoʻomana Mohameka. Mau manao, memo a me nā loina o ka Muslim." Keia hana ua lilo i kekahi ano o ka 'imi naʻauao manifesto, aʻaʻole wale no Gasprinsky. Ma keia pepa, ua haawiia mai i ka mea kākau o ka ai-kapaia "hōʻino ninau" o ke ola. He aha ke ano o ka pili e ia ma waena o ka Lūkini, a Tatar? He aha e ia i ka Lūkini Nā Poʻe Isalama (Tatars) i pili i ka Lūkini? No ke aha la i makemake Lūkini Aupuni i pili i ka Tatars, a ina paha ka mea, ua hana? A pau i kēia mau nīnau hoihoi Gasprinsky.

Ismail nui memo o ka nele o ka manaʻo aukahi kulekele i makemake i hoʻoikaika i ka laha ana o ka manaʻo o ka Lūkini ka noho ma luna o Nā Poʻe Isalama. Gasprinskii kākau i ka mea i lawe mai i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka hua awaawa no Russian Nā Poʻe Isalama, a me ka mau no o ka aina. Ka mea kākau memo i Russian Hoʻomana Mohameka 'aʻole e haha aku,' aʻole i hoʻomaopopo ai i ka pono o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ka mea, aole maopopo i kona mau manaʻo, pono kīvila, i ike ole i kona olioli, a me ke kaumaha. Eia hou kekahi, ka ike ole o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo insulates Lūkini Muslim mai Lūkini moʻokalaleo a me ka manao, e like me ke ao moʻomeheu. Gasprinskii memo i ka mea, ua nenelu ma ka hoomana ana a me ka manaʻo kahiko i ka mea, ua hoʻokaʻawale mai ke koena o ka manaʻo kanaka. Ke kumu o na mea he nui ka Maʻi, e like me Ismail, o ka nele o ka hulina, manaʻo aukahi pilikino E pili no ka inorodcheskogo a me heterodox heluna.

Hōʻuluʻulu i nā manaʻo i kakauiaʻi maluna i loko o kona (essay), Gasprinskii memo i ka hoʻohui o Russian Nā Poʻe Isalama me ka Lūkini moku'āina ua ālai 'naʻaupō, i hoʻohuʻu hilinaʻiʻole. He aha ka pāʻoihana? Aaeaaaaony ia e ka mea kākau o kēia kulana? Gasprinskii manaʻoʻiʻo i loko o ka papa o Muslim madrassas e hoʻolauna kula haʻahaʻaa aʻo likeʻole sciences ma Tatar. Manawa a hiki i kēia i loko o ka Muslim 'ia e komo iloko o ka ike me ka hewa i ka moku'āina. Kēia, ma ka huli, e hoala i ka 'imi naʻauao kiʻekiʻe o nā clergy a me nā lālā o ka waena papa. Pela ka mea, Ua hiki e dispel i ka hailona o prejudices. Kekahi ana i manaoia Gasprinsky, - i ka hanaia'na o ke 'ano kūpono no ke paʻi ana o pai huahana ma ka Tatar'ōlelo.

Jadidism

Ismail, e like me he haipule Muslim, ma ka foreground E hoʻonohoʻoukou i laila aku i ka mea i hanaia o ka hooponoia kaiāulu o nā kanaka i hooiaio i Hoʻomana Mohameka. he pono ka pane i nā nīnau hoohaunaele mea aʻo Jadid mihi lilo. He mahalo i Ismail Ua laha i waena o Nā Poʻe Isalama noho ana ma Rusia.

Jadidism i manaoia mihi polokalamu e pili ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. Kona papa kuhikuhiE wahi loaʻa nā kēia:

• e hoʻoponoʻia i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' o Nā Poʻe Isalama, e lawe mai ana ia i ka laina me ka Europa kiʻekiʻe;
• ho okumu ana o ka hoʻokahi no nā lāhui kanaka a pau o ka Turkic ka palapala, ai 'ōlelo;
• e pili ana philanthropic a kivila ke kaiāulu kanaka;
• hoomahuahua civicʻano kaua, loli ma ka oihana o ka Muslim wahine;
• hooikaika i na pili aloha ma waena o nā Turkic-Muslim kanaka e noho ana i loko o Rusia.

Newspaper "Terdzhiman"

Gasprinskii hahai ana i ka hanohano kumu, me ka hai aku ia ka hoʻomaka 'ia he papa hana hoʻonaʻauao. No ka laʻana, ma April 1883, hoomaka ae la oia hoolaha ana ma Bakhchisarai ka nupepa i kapaia "Terdzhiman" ( "Translator"). No na makahiki, ka mea, ua lilo ka wale ala i loko o Rusia Turkish nupepa. Ma "Terdzhimane" i paiia 'ike e pili ana i ka loa koiʻana iā nīnūnē. Ka nupepa i hele mai e like me ka Crimean Tatar a me Lūkini 'ōlelo.

Ma mua, ka puke o ka pule, akā, ma hope i hele mai, a ekolu manawa i ka hebedoma, a me kēlā lā. "Terdzhiman" ana a me kona make ana Gasprinsky, i hele mai i loko o 1914, e like me kekahi 4 makahiki mahope. I kēia mau makahiki, he nupepa hoʻoponopono i kana keiki Refat.

Other nupepa a me Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, a i paʻiʻia Gasprinskii

Kekahi nupepa, a paʻiʻia Ismail Gasprinskii - pule "Millet" ( "Nation"). He pū, kuu i ka wahine ka Magazine, "Alemi nisvan" ( "Women ka World"). Shefika Gasprinsky, ke kaikamahine a Isemaela ka, ua ka hoʻoponopono o keia Magazine. Akā, i ka i a pau paʻi puke me ka nānā 'Gasprinsky. He hookuu He keiki ka Magazine ma ka Crimean 'ōlelo "subyan Alemi" ( "Children ka World"). I ke kumukuai o i olelo ia nei he Humorous puke i kapaia "Ha-Ke Kai-Ke Kai!", Ka mea i hoʻokumuʻia Ismail Gasprinskii. Kona Kawaihae, e like me 'oe ke ike, ia i ke kala ana o ka helu ana o Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke a me nā nūpepa.

E pili ana i ka Turkic 'ōlelo

Ismail imi iho la e hōʻoia 'ia ka Turkic kanaka e noho ana i loko o Rusia, ua hui ma ke kumu o ka hana ana o ka pono Turkic' ōlelo. Language Gasprinskii noʻonoʻo i ke kumu o ke ola o Turkic kūpaʻa. Ismail ho'āʻo mua o nā mea a pau, e lawe mai'ōlelo mihi. He manaoio i mea ole e holopono ana "i ka hoʻohui o ka 'ōlelo" mai e iho, me he mea ka mea a pau kaiāulu o ka' ōlelo a me ka typological similarity o ka 'ōlelo o ka Turkic kanaka e lauwili nunui. An ka hoʻokahuli i ka hoʻohui o kēia mau lāhui kanaka a pau, hoomaka ae la e kūkulu i kekahi ano o Turkish Esperanto. Kēia i hana 'ōlelo ma muli o ka Crimean Tatar (kona hōʻano hou mana).

Education mihi

Ka hoʻonaʻauao'ōnaehana Ua noʻonoʻo Gasprinskii, ka mea, ua hoi nui he wahi mea pono drastic mihi. Ismail Ua ulu he kūikawā iaoia o ke kula. Ua Ua ho'āʻo mua i loko o ke kula Bakhchsarai i ka 1884. O ka papa kuhikuhi lanakila ana o keia hana ua i ka manaʻoi study o kanaka ma mua o rote palapala e hoʻohoka hāʻina o nā haʻawina. Eia hou, ma ke aʻo kaʻina 'Imi hoʻohana kā lākou' ōlelo, akā, i kēia 'aʻole e hookaawale ia i ke ao a Russian, Apapika a me Europa,' ōlelo.

Mahalo i nā kula, e hoʻohana epekema Gasprinsky, i loko o ka mua 15 makahiki o ka 20th kenekulia, he hou ka hanauna o ka Crimean Tatar ka pilina. Ka mea, Ua hana like o ka poʻeʻEulopa, akā, me ka losing ka Muslim ano pono'ī.

Kuokoa ana, congresses Lūkini Nā Poʻe Isalama

I ka 1903, i ka 20th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka Nupepa "Terdzhiman" Ua lilo ke ano o ka lahui nā hālāwai. It Gasprinskii Ua ike like "me ka makua kāne o ka aina Russian Nā Poʻe Isalama." Ka mua Muslim Ahaolelo Lahui i ka hoʻomauʻana manaʻo o ko lākou mau manaʻo no ka Turkic-Islamic kūpaʻa.

Ismail Gasprinskii i ka 1905 lilo Luna hoomalu o ka First Ahaolelo Lahui o na Nā Poʻe Isalama o Rusia. Kēia Ahaolelo Lahui ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka unification o nā mea a pau Lūkini Tatars. Ka lua o ka Ahaolelo Lahui i paʻa i loko o January 1906 ma St. Petersburg. Ismail Gasprinskii ua Luna hoomalu, a ma luna o laila. Ma keia hanana, ka mea i hooholoia, e lilo i ka Union o Nā Poʻe Isalama o Rusia. Ma 'Aukake 1906, kokoke Nizhny Novgorod halawai mai la me ka Apana Ahaolelo Lahui. Ua Ua hooholoia e hoʻololi i ka hoʻokumu Union o Nā Poʻe Isalama (Ittifaq AL-Muslimin) i loko o kekahi ua pili aupuni aoao. Kona polokalamu Ua muli ma ka ideology o ipu-Turkism.

Ismail Gasprinskii: poetry a me ka Aina,

I.Gasprinskiy ike ole wale me he lehulehu huahelu, akā, i like me ka loea kākau moʻolelo. He palapala iho la i ka helu ana o na hana kupaianaha o ke akamai. Gasprinsky moʻolelo a me nā novels ( "Arslan kyz", "Molla Abbas", "Hookahi haneri makahiki hope") i paʻiʻia ma ka nūpepa "Terdzhiman".

A me ka haku meleʻike I.Gasprinskiy. Kona poem e pili ana i ka Crimea, a Crimeans e ike i na mea he nui. Eia naʻe poetic'āina hoʻoili o kēia mea kākau mea uuku. Kona poem (ma kahi o Crimea -. "Crimea", etc.) ua ole me ua kaulana me ka hopena o kona ha awina lehulehu a me ka palapala, ai '.