Quantum teleportation: na discoveries nui o physicists

Quantum teleportation o kekahi o ka mea nui Hola Pūnaewele ma quantum ike. Ma muli o ke kino ai ka waiwai o ka hilahila, ka mea, o ke kumu nui hehee ai o ka 'ike hana likeʻole, a ho nui ka hapa o quantum loea i ke kī kūlana ma ka hou ana o ka quantum Me, kūkākūkā a me ka palapala e pāʻani.

Mai nauka fiction i ka 'epekema discoveries

Ua Ua pio ka polokalamu ma nā makahiki mahope mai o ka loaʻa o quantum teleportation, i mea paha i kekahi o ka loa a me ka hana hoihoi pīhoihoi hopena o "strangeness" o ka quantum mechanics. Ma mua o kēia Ua i nui discoveries, ua manao no ia i ke aupuni o ka 'epekema fiction. First invented ma 1931 ma Charles H. Fort manawa "teleportation" Ua mai ua hoʻohana i ka hōʻike i ke kaʻina hana ma i ke kino, a me ka mea i hoolilo mai kekahi wahi i kekahi, ka mea, uaʻaʻole anei maluna o ka mamao ma waena o lākou.

I ka 1993, ua paʻi i ka 'atikala hōʻike no ka Hola Pūnaewele o quantum' ike, i kapaia "quantum teleportation", ka poe i pili i kekahi o na symptoms helu 'ia ma luna aʻe. Ua ua anaia mai ka manawa i ike ole moku'āina o ka physical'ōnaehana a me a laila paʻi, a "hou-hele ana" i loko o ka keʻena paena (ke kino ai 'oihana mua o ka palapala'ōnaehana noho ma wahi hoololi). Kēia kaʻina hana pono i ka panina 'ano o ka' ōlelo a me ka eliminates superluminal kamailio. Ua pono ke ola o ka hilahila. I ka mea, teleportation hiki ke wehe i ka Hola Pūnaewele o quantum 'ike i ka hapanui maopopo hōʻike i ke' ano o ka hilahila: me ke alo aku o ka moku'āina o ka hoolilo makemake,ʻaʻole e hiki i loko o ka? Aieao o nā kānāwai e wehewehe i ka quantum mechanics.

Teleportation Ua pâʻani 'o ia kūlana i hana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka' epekema o ka 'ike. Ma ka kekahi lima, keia mea he mea manaʻo Hola Pūnaewele, a Radio heʻano nui kūlana i loko o ka hooulu ana o ka olelo quantum ike kumumanaʻo, a ma ka kekahi ia mea he kumu ke keʻena o ka nui loea. Na quantum repeater - he ki hehee ai o ka lōʻihi-mamao palapala. Teleportation quantum mea hoʻololi, computation ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ana a me ka quantum aʻeo ka hoʻolele' - mea a pau nā mea loaʻa a pau. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mea paahana no ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o "loa" o ke kālaikūlohea, i? Aiaiiuie ia curves a me ke omoāea oʻeleʻele puka.

I kēia mau lā quantum teleportation hookupaa iho la ia i loko o keʻena hoʻokolohua a puni ka honua ma kekahiʻano o substrates a me nā 'ike loea, a me photonic qubits, nukeleaʻume mākenēki resonance,'ōnohi' ole, nā pūʻulu o nā'ātoma, ka trapped nā'ātoma a me ka mea uholo uila nenoai. Poʻokela hualoaʻa i ua loaʻa i loko o ka teleportation huahelu hiki ho okolohua me ka ukali. ¶ A, Ua i ho'āʻo i ka pālākiō o mai i ka oi luna 'nenoai.

teleportation o qubits

Quantum teleportation Ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma mua no ka mau-pae nenoai, ka ai-kapaia qubits. Hola Pūnaewele e manao elua loihi aoao, i kapaia o Alice a me Bob, i kaʻana qubit 2, A a me B i ka maemae hihia moku'āina, i kapaʻia Bell paʻa. Ma ke komoʻana i Alice haawi kekahi qubit a me kona ano ρ mea IKE OLE IA. Ua laila hanaʻia he ami quantum e kaha, i kapaia ka loaʻa o Bell. Ua hāpai kekahi a me ka A i loko o kekahi o ka Bell Huipuia eha. E like me ka hopena, i ka hoʻokomo o moku'āina o ka qubit ka wā ana Alice ke kino a me Bob B qubit ka poʻeʻana ma luna o P ^† _{ke k} ρP _ho. I ka hope ka anu u Hola Pūnaewele Alice? Aaeaao i ka panina hopena o kona mahele Bob, ka mea pili Pauli P _K Aʻole i ka palapala ρ e hoʻihoʻi aku.

I ka loiloi mua moku'āina o ka qubit Alice ua noʻonoʻo Anonymous, no ka mea, ua hoemi ia i kona loihi ana ai ole i ka Hola Pūnaewele. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i hoʻi e māhele o ka nui lua'ōnaehana, i kaʻana like me ke kolu o ka aoao (i loko o keia hihia holomua teleportation a pau pono hōʻike hou correlations me keia kolu o ka aoao).

A typical hoʻokolohua o quantum teleportation i maemae palapala moku'āina, a pau i ka pūʻulu'ōlelo Hawaiʻi, no ka laʻana, eono mauʻauamo o ke Bloch poepoe. Ma ke alo o ka decoherence ka pono o ka? Aeiino? Moku'āina hiki ke kaheaia quantitatively pololei teleportation F ∈ [0, 1]. He pololei ma waena o Hawaii o Alice a me Bob,ʻawelike o ka luna o nā mea a pau o ka ka loaʻaʻana i nā hualoaʻa o ka Bell, a me ka palapala Hawaiʻi. No ka waiwai uuku o ka pololei o kāu kiʻina hana i kahi, hiki no imperfect teleportation me ka pohihihi o nā kumu waiwai. No ka laʻana, Alice e pono ana kona palapala moku'āina ma ka hoʻouna Bob no ka makaukau o ka resultant moku'āina. Kēia huahelu-aʻo kou akamai haawiia i like "panina teleportation." Ua loaʻa he i kā mākou pololei o F _papa = 2/3 no kekahi hoʻokomo o ka moku'āina, ka like ke kaʻina hana kuikahi pāʻewaʻole rula e like me ka Bloch poepoe eono auamo.

Penei, he akaka PAaIEN o ka pono o ka quantum kumu waiwai o ka miomio waiwai F> F _papa.

'Aʻole he hookahi qubit

E like me ke quantum ke kālaikūlohea, teleportation o qubits ua i kaupalena ', ka mea i loaʻa i ka nunui-dimensional kahua. No kēlā me kēia finite ana n hiki e ua kālaiʻia maikaʻi noaia teleportation hoʻohana kumu maximally hilikau moku'āina vectors i hiki ke loaa mai ka haawi maximally hihia moku'āina, a me ka kumu {U _K} unitary ana satisfying ^{_{tr (U † hu U k)}} = dδ j, K . Oia ka Hola Pūnaewele hiki e? Ieoaeunoai no kekahi finite-Hilbert makahiki R. N. discrete ee iaaanu aey nenoai.

Eia kekahi, quantum teleportation hiki pili i nenoai me ka mana loa Hilbert makahiki, kapaʻia noke-ee iaaanu aey nenoai. E like me ka rula, ka mea i hoʻomaopopoʻia'ōnohi boson 'ole, ka uila kahua i hiki ke ho'ākāka' ia ma quadrature ana.

Speed a me ka maopopo 'rula

He aha ka i ka mämä holo o ka quantum teleportation? Information Ua pū i hiki i ka mämä holo i like i ka mämä holo o ka EYI o ka hookahi helu o ka Classic - paha me ka mämä holo o ka malamalama. Theoretically, ka mea hiki pela ke hoʻohana ', pehea panina hiki ole - no ka laʻana, ma quantum Me, kahi o nā' ikepili i loaʻa wale nō i ka haumāna haʻawina kālā.

Anei quantum teleportation kue ana i ka maopopo 'rula? I ka hala, i ka manaʻo o ka teleportation ua,ʻaʻole anei ia seriously ma haumana, no ka mea, ka mea i manaoio ia ia aʻe ka loina hooponopono ana i pāpā 'ia i kekahi ana a me kaʻimiʻana kaʻina e extract a pau i ka'Ātoma ike' ole 'ē aʻe mea. I kulike ai me ka rula o ka maopopo, ua scanned ka oi kūlike loa ka mea, na oi ka mea, ua 'ole ma o ka kaʻimiʻana kaʻina hana a ua hōʻea i kekahi wahi i ka wa o ka palapala ana o ka mea nee i na mea he nui hou hiki ole ke loaa lawa' ike e hana i kekahi mea koe ia. Ua kani hoomaopopo ana: ina he kanaka hiki ole extract 'ike mai i ka mea e ho okumu i kope pololei, i ka hope o ka hiki ole ke hana.

Quantum Teleportation no Dummies

Akā, me nā kānakaʻepekema eono (Charles Bennett, Zhil Brassar, Claude Crépeau, Richard Dzhosa,ʻAsera Peres, a me Uilyam Vuters) loaʻa kekahi alanui a puni keia kūpili, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka hoʻolauleʻa i kēia pō, a paradoxical hiʻona o quantum mechanics ike like me ka Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen. Ka mea i loaʻa i ke ala e scan i ka ike teleported mea A, a me ka mea i koe he palupalu hapa Via i ka hopena o ka hoolilo i na mea ma ka hui 'ana me A, aole loa e noho.

A laila, ma ka ana e C waiū e kaukaʻi scanned 'ike hiki ke komo i loko o ka moku'āina A e scan. A me ia mea i loko o ka hookahi ano me ka mea nana e hoole kaʻimiʻana kaʻina hana, pela kō mea teleportation,ʻaʻole replication.

Ke paio no ka laulā

• Ka mua quantum teleportation i wahi i ka 1997 aneane ka poʻe ma kānakaʻepekema, mai ke Kulanui o Innsbruck a me ke Kulanui o Roma. Iloko o ka hoʻokolohua he photon kahi me ka polarization, a me kekahi o ka paʻa o ka hilikau photons ua hoʻololi ai i ka lua o ka palapala polarization photon loaa. Pela nā photons i kaulike mai kekahi i kekahi.
• I ka 2012, ua kekahi mau quantum teleportation (China Ke Kulanui o Science, a Technology) ma ka Alpine moanawai i ka mamao o 97 ei. A hui o nā kānakaʻepekema, mai Shanghai i alakaiia e Juan Iinem e hoʻokele e kūkulu i kekahi suggestiveʻano papa hana i 'ae' kaʻoi loa māka hou ulana lole.
• Ma September, he mooolelo quantum teleportation ma 143 ei i lawe mai i ka ia makahiki. 'Aukekuliaʻepekema, mai ka Academy o Sciences no Austria, a me ka University o Vienna ma lalo o ka lima o Antona Tsaylingera i ana ho'īli quantum Hawaii ma waena o nā nā Canary Islands o La Palma, a Tenerife. I ka hoʻokolohua hoʻohana'ōnohi kamaʻilio laina elua i loko o ka wehe, kvantumnaya a me ka panina, alapine (frequency) uncorrelated polarization hihipeʻa kēia paʻa o photons kumu, sverhnizkoshumnye hookahi-photon detectors, a lālau uaki hoʻononiakahi.
• I ka 2015, noiʻi, mai ka US National Institute o Standards a me Technology no ka manawa mua i ka hoolilo o ka 'ike ma luna o ka mamao o ka oi aku 100 ei o'ōnohi puluniu. Ua i i hiki ai i ke aloha a hiki i ke kula, hana photon mīkini hopu ka mea hewa ka hoʻohana superconducting nanowires o molybdenum silicide.

Ua mea akaka i ka maikaʻi o ka'ōnaehana quantum paha ka 'enehana Aʻole ole i nei a me na discoveries nui o ka wā e hiki mai ka manawa e hiki mai. Aka hoi, ua hiki ke ho'āʻo e kuhikuhi i hiki moho no kekahi palapala noi o teleportation. Pono hybridization ia nae e ku kumu a me kāu kiʻina hana e hoʻolako i ka loa i olelo mua iaʻi wā e hiki mai no ka quantum teleportation a me kona noi.

pōkole mamao

Teleportation he pōkole kaawale (1 m) me ka quantum computation subsystem i olelo mua iaʻi mea uholo uila manaʻo, i ka maikaʻi o ka i mea he kiʻikuhi o QED. Ma kekahi, superconducting qubits transmonovye ke kumu hoʻomalu deterministic a me ka loa pololei teleportation? Inoaia. Ka mea, i ae i ka pono pele o maoli-manawa, i mea problematic ma photonic inoaia. Eia hou, ka mea, i ka oi scalable kuhikuhipuʻuone, a me ka maikaʻi hoʻohui 'ia o na' ike loea hou i like i ka mua, kahi e like me trapped Ion. Currently, ka mea wale drawback o kēia mau nenoai apparently o lākou i kaupalena 'coherence manawa (<100 MS). Kēia pilikia hiki ke Wehewehe i nā hāʻina ma ka hoʻohana QED hoʻohui 'me ka mea uholo uila i puhi ai i milo Ensemble iaiyoe aeee (naikokene-hookomoia me ka hakahaka ole aniani doped me ka pohihihi keia honua oihana mua), a hiki i ka lōʻihi coherence manawa no ka quantum o kaʻikepili waho pūnaewele. Currently, i kēia manaʻo o ka mea i hooikaika nui o ka 'epekema kaiāulu.

City loulou

Us teleport i ke kulanakauhale me ka unahiʻole (mau kilomika) hiki ke ulu hoʻohana 'ana i ka'ōnohi' ole. I lawa haʻahaʻa poino, mau nenoai i kiʻekiʻe māmā a me ka bandwidth. Ka mea, hiki ke waiho loihi ana mai kaʻoneki implementations i ka meakino-huahelu nenoai ke hoʻohana ma o ka lewa a me ka'ōnohi puluniu, me ka hiki hoʻohui 'me ka Ensemble o quantum iaiyoe. Over lōʻihi mamao, akā, me ka haahaa wikiwiki hiki ke loaʻa ma ka hapalua kokoke loa i kahi a ma ka ulu maikai repeaters ka nānā 'ana i' ole-Gaussian keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

kelekaʻaʻike

Lōʻihi-mamao quantum teleportation (ma 100 km) o kaʻeleu wahi, akā nō poino mai ka hamama pilikia. Polarization qubits - ka maikai nā moku halihali mokulele no haʻahaʻa-ka māmā holo teleport ma lōʻihi puluniu optic laina o ka 'ōlelo, a ma ka lewa, akā, ma ka manawa o ka Hola Pūnaewele mea he probabilistic ku i kāpili ka loaʻaʻana Bella.

ʻOiai probabilistic teleportation a me ka hihia e pono no ka palapala noi e like me distillation o ka hihia a me ka quantum cryptography, akā, ia mea maopopo okoa mai o ka palapala a ma i ka manaʻo kōkua 'ike pono e hoomaopopo la i ka malamaia.

Inā mākou eʻae i kēia probabilistic ano, i ka manaʻo o ka ukali i loko o ka loaa ole ana o kēia loea. Ma waho aʻeo i ka hoʻohui 'ia o ka hoʻokoloʻana epekema, ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia i na poho kiʻekiʻe, kena ae la ia e ka mahuahua ana o ka mea ulana lole. Ua hiki ke lanakila ma ka AEI kahi hihia ua haawi mai ka ukali a hiki i ka honua telescope me ka puka nui. Holoholo ukali puka o 20 knm ma 600 ei kiekie, a 1 m puka telescope ma ka honua, hoʻokahi ke manaʻo nei ma kahi o 75 DB o ke poho ma ka downlink Kanal i ka emi o 80 DB poho ma ka lepo, pae. Hoʻokō 'ana o ka "honua ukali" a me "hoa ukali" i oi luna'.

quantum paʻa

Wā e hiki mai ana o ka teleportation 'ano he māhele o ka scalable pukapuka mea pololei nā i kona hoʻohui' me ka quantum iaiyoe. Ka hope Pono iʻoi loa ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka hoʻokōʻana huli mau ' "pāhawewe-mea', he pololei o ka i hoʻopaʻa 'ia a me ka heluhelu ana, a me ka manawa pūnaewele nona iho, kiʻekiʻe ka māmā a me ka pūnaewele nona iho. Mua o nā mea a pau ia e leie aku oe, e hoʻohana repeaters no ka 'ō kamailio ana o ka oi loa aku ia i ka pololei hoolilo ka hoʻohana' ana i ka hewa? Iaea nā loina. Ka hooulu ana o ka maikai quantum iaiyoe e ae ole wale, e hāʻawi i nā hihia a me ka teleportation aʻeo ka hoʻolele 'kamaʻilio, akā, i pili i ke kō waiho waho ike. Ultimately, ua hiki ke huli i loko o ka pukapuka o Âlapa haawi quantum kamepiula a me ke kumu no ka wā e hiki mai quantum Internet.

i olelo mua iaʻi Aey? acaeoey

Nukelea Ensemble mea maʻa mau manaoia uʻi no o ko lākou efficient huli ana o ka "malamalama-mea" a me kā lākou millisecond paha o ka pūnaewele, a hiki e mai i 100 MS pono e hoʻouna i malamalama puni ke ao. Eia naʻe, oi holomua Aey? Acaeoey e e manaoia ma ke kumu o ka mea uholo uila nenoai, kahi maikaʻi i milo Ensemble quantum iaiyoe pono noniakahi me ka scalable kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka huakai kaapuni QED. Kēia paʻa hiki ole wale nae i ka coherence manawa huakai kaapuni QED, akā, no hoi, e hōʻike i'ōnohi-hawewe mau 'no ka interconversion o'ōnohi kelekaʻaʻike a? Inoaia hawewe photons.

Penei, wā e hiki mai discoveries o kānakaʻepekema i loko o ka mahinaʻai o quantum punaewele a pau, aolie ia e nānā 'ana i lōʻihi-mamao'ōnohi kamaʻilio, conjugated semiconducting huahelu no ka' ike aaioee quantum.