Ravelin - he ... Famous Lūkini ravelins

Ravelin - keia mea kekahi o na kumu o ka ai-kapaia hōkū pāpū i ka nuʻu mua i loko o ke au mai o kēia manawa (XVII-XIX kenekulia). He aha mea he ravelin? He aha mea i ke ano o keia makahiki? A me ka hana e hanaʻia i loko o ka pakaua?

Oihana mua hoku pāpū

Me ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ka mea kaua i loko o ka XVI kenekulia, a me keʻano, a me ka ikaika hana o ka bastion puʻukaua nenoai pili. Medieval wahi paa a me nā pā kaua, a ua ole hou hiki i ka piha 'alo hou kaua pū. Nā paia o nā hale aliʻi wale i mālama lākou ikaika ho'āhewa wale. Penei, hoomaka ae la na paia, e kūkulu lower-ka uku iniiaiie noonoo i kā lākou mānoanoa. Loloa hale kiaʻi koke auou caiaiai bastions, a ma manawa i lilo increasingly nui a me ka noʻonoʻo kūpono ana-mai i ka hua'ōlelo o ka palapala.

He nui na oihana mua (ʻAno) Star pāpū. Ka mea, e:

• ramparts;
• pale;
• ravelins;
• redyuity;
• ka Susana.

He aha mea he ravelin? A me ka mea a Mānoa ia Radio i loko o ka pakaua o lakou? More e pili ana i keia, e e kūkā mai no hoi ia.

Ravelin - he ...

Kēia manawa nei o Roma (ravelere) ole Italian (ravellino) kumu. Ke ano o ka "hapalua mahina" (makau kuhohonu ana'ākau wahi ma ka hope syllable) - "hoʻokaʻawale" a "e oki." I mea pehea e hiki ke unuhi 'ia mai ka Roma.

Ravelin - mea, ma luna o nā mea a pau, he kuhikuhipuʻuone manawa i ka hoʻomano hoʻohana i ka kaua mea. He keu puʻukaua, Aia ma waena o nā pili bastions a me ka moat ma ke alo o ka pā kaua. Ma ka manao, ia mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO triangular ma shape.

Loa pinepine Ravelin i ke ano o ka ikaika pohaku anapuni me casemates no ka hoʻokau sharpshooters a me ka mea kaua. A, i ke kiekie o ke anapuni e e 1-1.5 mika ma lalo o ka papa kuhikuhiE paia o ka pā kaua. Ka puʻukaua ravelins i ke hoʻololi i ka hana mau nui i hana '. ka mea, e:

• uhi i ke kikowaena kulanakauhale pa mai pololei mea kaua i ke ahi;
• deter hoouka aku i ka enemi hao wale;
• lehulehu hoʻohana no ka poe koa, e counterattack.

Ravelin ua hoʻomano hoʻohana ma Europe no ka aneane eha kenekulia (mai ka XVI a hiki i XIX). He nui no ia i ola i ka i keia lā, i loko o 'ana, ma ka mokuna o Rusia.

Ikeia ravelins Rusia

Paha ka loa ma ko examples ravelins ma luna o ka mokuna o kēia Rusia i kūkuluʻia i loko o St. Petersburg - Alexis a me St. John. Ka mea, i kapaʻia ma ka inoa o ka mea e hiki mai ana o ka hanauna o Petero ka Nui: niioaaonoaaiii, ma ka hanohano o kona makua kāne a me ka hoahānau i loko o ka hanohano o ka Auguseto. Kekahi o ia (St. John) hiki ke wehe i loko o ka pā kaua i keia la.

Alexis Ravelin ma ka pau 'ana o ke kenekulia XIX, auwe, i ka lukuʻia. Ua akamai loa,ʻo ia i mālama like ole wale he kūlana pale 'ole, akā, i ka pā kaua o ka hale paʻahao. Ma ka mea, i i na mea he nui Decembrists a mau hoa o ka tsarist? Eia. Aoi Alexeyev Ravelin ana a hiki i 1884.

Kekahi luawai-ike Ravelin ua ke aupuni 'o Sebastopol. Ua Ua Ua kūkuluʻia ka ikaika puʻukaua i ka 1840, e hoomalu iho i ke kulanakauhale o ke kai kūʻono mai ho'āhewa wale o ka enemi moku i ke kai. Ka ai-kapa Konstantinovsky o na pu ki Sevastopol hoʻokani i ka nui kūlana i loko o ka mōʻaukala,ʻelua hahauʻana: ma ka Crimean (1854-1855) a me ka World War II.

ka hopena

Ravelin - he kākoʻo 'ole o ke kūlana pale pā kaua, a i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana mai ka waena o ka XVII kenekulia. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana i keia hale elua: deterʻenemi ho'āhewa wale, a hoomalu nae lakou i ka pā kaua mai kaʻenemi mea kaua i ke ahi.