Rotko Mark. Pena i loko o ke kaila o Hōʻuluʻulu expressionism

Hōʻuluʻulu nō, 'ole-Pahuhopu pena hiki ole e anu kuoo Ka Ikepili. ʻike hoʻokumu o ka artist like Rothko, Mark, nona pena iloko i hoʻomaoe hou akulaʻo o mea, mai ka maoli honua - Hōʻuluʻulu nō i loko o konaʻoe i palapala. Ke kūpili a me ka huli no ka mea mau analogies ke ālai ia 'aʻe me ka pokole o ka Mea Nānā i loko o ke alanui Rothko olelo, ma ka huli ana i ka artist i hala i ka lōʻihi a me ka pilikia alanui.

Huli i kou hele ana

Markus Yakovlevich Rotkovich i hānau i loko o 1903 ma ke kulanakauhale o Dvinsk Vitebsk aina (e ka Lakawia Daugavpils). Ma hope o 10 makahiki, kona 'ohana emigrated i Amerika, a me ka mea, he e hele ma na mea he nui na hoao ana o ke ola. He iʻaʻole loaʻa koke i ko lakou ala i loko o ke ola, accidentally iho la i loko o ka noʻeau meakino. Ma ka 30-40-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, ka mea, ua ka US lilo i ka piko o ka avant-garde nō - 'aneʻi i haʻakoiʻia mai o ka Hōʻuluʻulu Artists o totalitarian Hawaii oʻEulopa.

I ka 1938 i ka artist loaa ka Rotko Mark inoa. Na pena o keia wā,ʻo ia i hana 'ole cubofuturists Mark Weber (1881-1961) a me ka surrealist Arshile Gorky (1904-1948). E huli i kou hele ana ma ka Rothko i ka lōʻihi manawa. He akaaka malu manawa o ke ohohia a me ka figurative pena: kiʻi a me nā cityscapes ( "Woman Nails", makahiki 1935, "Ma ke kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho," 1938). Surreal motifs ma o kona hanaʻoi loa ma kauo hou philosophical manaʻo: hoihoi i loko o ka unconscious, a hiki i ka pā ao nei o kekahi kanaka, a hiki i ka automatism o ka hōʻike o nā Emotions a me nā manaʻo.

Mua, i ke au o ke kaumaha Nui, a laila, i keʻano o ka hou honua kaua i hana i ka nohona lewa i loko o i nalowale kuʻuna palena'āina. Ke artist ua imi no kākoʻo ma mythological kumuhana ( "Antigone", 1941 "Hierarchical manu", 1945), a laila, hele mai no ka pono 'ole-Pahuhopu pena.

Mai ke kakahiaka nui 50s ua hope i hanaʻia e like noʻeau kŰia me Rothko. Mark, kona kiʻi, he elua a ekolu laua ololi rectangle, loaʻa i kona mau aoao. Pena waihoʻoluʻu mahinaʻai - e like me ka ho'ākāka 'ana loaʻa noʻonoʻo loi o ke ano no Rothko.

A noʻonoʻo palapala i ka luna 'manao

Ke artist iho i i makemake i ka wehewehe ana i kona kiʻi a me ka makemake ole tolerate ka wā'ē aʻe i hana ai. He i i ho'āʻo i ka hoike i ke kumumanao mea, no laila, i loko o nā keʻena o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, i ua poe e Mark Rothko - pena me aʻe i loko o ka palapala o ka pūkaʻina ka helu a me ka la o ka honua.

He hiki oleʻae ua kapaia he abstractionist, no ka mea, manao iho la ia i kona mau pena noonoo maoli ola, ola meaola, e imi ana i hui 'ana me ka hoolohe.

Negatively, ia no ka aina i ka manao o ka noʻu me ka artist - "colourist", keʻole paha ia mau hana pono a me keʻano, a hiki ma ka lima anaanai pigments, loaʻa i ka makemake waihoʻoluʻu noaia a me ka hionapāʻili. More importantly ka mea, ua manaoio aku la ia i ka ahakanaka lākiō a me ka leo o na ālai 'ia e i kona haku mele' ana.

Pena e like i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni

I kona wā'ōpiopio, Rothko makemake e seriously komo ma ka hana keaka nō, a aneane hele aku i kekahi hana naʻaupō papa. Kona mele oia pinepine kapa dramas, a me ia mea maʻalahi i ke kahuaʻikena. Kēia e wehewehe i kekahi kēia lākiō o ka aoao o ko Rothko ka pena ma ka hoolohe.

Ua nui ua hoʻomaopopo i ka halawai komo i loko o ka makahiki o ke pena. I ka waiū o nā hana a ka artist koho i ka pōwehiwehiʻimi hoʻopunipuni malamalama, aneane e hiamoe ana. A loihi ma i ka mea, ua waiho e hoomaka'kiu aku i nā kiʻi Rothko manao ma ka 18 'īniha (45 knm). Ua haawiia ka pilikia makapō kamakawiwoʻole palena o nā pōpō palaka, ka heterogeneity o ka HW ka penaʻana (pinepine nunui-pona paʻa), hiki ke wehewehe ma ka hanana o ke noi kiʻi hohonu kahua, e haawi ana ala hou vivid Emotions.

Rothko Chapel

Pehea nui ua no ka artist pena i ka hoʻonohonoho o ka makahiki a me ka aoao o ka pokole o kona mau pena, oe ke ike mai i ka mōʻaukala o kana hana ma ka manao o ka Capella o ka Halepule ma ka Institute ma Houston hoʻomana. Nunui mural pena no ka Capella, Aia i loko o ka pa papahana ma ka lawe ana i loko no o ka makemake o Rothko. Mark, nona pena i loko o kēia hihia, kokoke monochrome, komo i loko o ka manao, a kau iho o ka lumi.

Church, hapa o ka mea i ka Capella, aole ia i hui ole ia me ka kekahi hoomana, a ua pau i ke Akua. Noonoo ana, poe mai nä lewa hoopiha i ka octagonal keʻena me ka malamalama kahi aia i loko o ka Dome. Ma kēia keʻena, a hoonoho iho la Mark Rothko pena. Photo hōʻike mea he ikaika manaʻo i ka waiū.

Ka lōʻihi alanui i ka hoʻomaopopo pono

ole Personal ke ola ana o ka artist ua oluolu. Lōʻihi makahiki o kaʻilihune, nele o ka manaoio i na kanaka hea ka mea me kona tālena nui i alakaʻi ai iā ia, no laila mea apuepue optimistic ka hana o Mark Rothko. O ka haku mele 'ana o ka alohilohi ālai' a me ka wela waihoʻoluʻu evoke ikaika Emotions hana keaka. I ka olelo o ka pōʻino i loko o ke ola ana o ke kaiāulu a me kēia kanaka, ua kapaʻia ka papa kuhikuhiE theme like o ka artist.

Ka make e like me ka mea hope kiʻi

Ma ka hopena o 60 ka i hele mai i ke kaulana, i ke kala, akā, paila maʻi, ohana pilikia. February 25, 1970 i ka artist hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho ma ka slashing aa koko. Mark Rothko - kiʻi, kiʻi ka mea, ua piha oia a pau i ka nūpepa a me nā Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke me - kakauinoa i ka hope'āpana o kona ...

Ua Ua olelo mai ia ia i hiki ole ka manaʻo o kona mau pena e kūʻai pono no ke Keena Kalaiaina mea hoʻonani. Ma hope o nā makahikiʻelua ma luna o ka mea a hiki i ka hapanui pipiʻi Hawaii ma New York, Rothko hoi ka mua a me ka hoole i ka hana ia nei i hoʻolaunaʻia e kamaiʻilio waiwai, glances ma kona panel.

Ka honua i ka mea maikai ohi o kēia nō hiki ole ke noonoo ole kiʻi, a kakau iho la Mark Rothko. "Orange, Red, Yellow", "White Center" - no kēia mau pena i uku kudala untold miliona o na dala ma. Mau oeeo? I pololei ai ka naita i ka poʻe e noho ana, ka mea i ike wale irregularly malu wahi lilelile, mai bother e lawe no i koe i hou i ka manaʻo nui a me nā Emotions. A pehea ka nui o ke ku okoa ana, pehea ka nui o Pilikua kekahi kanaka, a he artist?