Sachsenhausen - lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. History, hōʻikeʻano. Nazi hewa

Ua 'oe a mau loa aku ike i ka Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana)? He aha ka mea? ʻO wai ka mea i hana ia? Ma kēia mau a me nā nīnau 'oe e huli pane ma ka pauku. Sachsenhausen mea he lehulehu hoʻomoana ma ka Nazi. He Ua waiho ia ma Germany, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Oranienburg. I ka 22 April, 1945,ʻo ia i hookuu ia e Soviet poʻe kaua. Mamua o 1950, keia wahi ua he maalo hoʻomoana ai no ka hoʻoneʻe kanaka o ka NKVD.

moʻolelo

Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana) Ua hoʻokumu i ka 1936, ma ka July. Over o ka makahiki, i ka helu o ka poe pio iloko o loko o ia, mai ke 60 000 kanaka. Ma ka mokuna o keia hola o ka make pepehi aku nāʻaoʻao 100 000 pio.

Aia a ua mākaukau nō a me ka perepodgotavlivalis "cadres" no ka mea, ua hoʻokumu a me ka lānai hou hookupaaia poe hoomoana. About Sachsenhausen mai August 2, 1936 neo? Aaiiai? Ka ke keʻena luna o "ka nānā 'ana lehulehu eaaa?", A ma March 1942 lilo i lâlâ o ke Kōmike pae D (lehulehu hoʻomoana) Main aneiai-hoʻomalu kino SS.

Sachsenhausen - lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai, ma kahi i hoʻokumuʻia ka lola honua eea Komite, i kahi kūlike he nui, nui conspiratorial hui o ke pio. Ke Gestapo hiki i loaʻa iā ia. Lola honua alakaʻiʻia General Aleksandr Semonovich Zotov.

I ka 21 April, 1945, i haawiia mai ka mea e hoʻoili i ka make hele. Nazis? Oaony i oi aku mamua o 30 tausani pio kolamu o ka 500 kanaka, e kiola i loko o ka Baltic Sea Riviera, a kau ma luna o na moku. Ua makemake aku i ka Aha, e hookaawale ia aku mai ke kahakai, a mokuhia e. Hooweliweli a me ka hope kanaka ma luna o ka hele ana i pana aku la ia. No laila, i loko o Mecklenburg ma na ululaau kokoke Belova mau haneri pio i make. ? Oaony nuipa liquidation o na paahao, naʻe, hiki ole ke hoʻokō, mahope mai o ke kokua i hiki aku ai, i ka Soviet poʻe kaua. Ka mea, eia ma ka hoʻomaka o Mei 1945 hookuu na kanaka i ka hele ana.

G. N. van der Bel (Sachsenhausen inmate ma lalo o ka helu 38190) i kākau i ka 26 000 pio ma April 20 haʻalele i ke kahi hoomoana i ka po. A i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka hele ana. O ka papa, ma mua ka mea i loaʻa i ka hale, a kipaku ia ia mai o ka infirmary nā mea maʻi.

About hapalua o na pio a pau e komo i loko o ka hele ana o ka make, a ua make ia ma ke ala, a make iho la. Akā, e holo hoike. Pae holomua Lālā paʻa huahelu o Soviet poʻe hao wale i ka makahiki 1945, April 22, alaila komo ae i ka Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana), a ma ia manawa i kahi o 3,000 inmates.

"A" hale kiai

No laila, ke hoʻomau e noonoo hou Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana). Tower "A" - He aha ka mea? Ua ELECTROPULT i puʻunaue ai i ka pono pili i ka'uea kukū, a hei hohola a puni kahi i hoʻomoana ai i loko o ka nui triangle. Ka hale kiai i Ua hoonohonoho commandant a me ka popoki Sachsenhausen. Ma na puka i kākauʻia i ka cynical hopuna'ōlelo Arbeit macht frei ( «hana oukou e hoonoho kaawale"). Huina lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai, heʻumikumamāiwa hale kiaʻi, mai i kī papa aku i kona mau mokuna.

Platz E kaha makau i

Loa weliweli ua Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana). Mōʻaukala hōʻike ia ma keia wahi, ua he parade-lepo ka nānā 'ana. Ma ka mea i lawe mai i ka'ōwili hea ekolu mau manawa o ka lā. Inā ua i pakele i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai, i pio na paahao, e ku ma ka parade lepo like loa me ke kanaka mahuka, ua i loaa. Ma kēia wahi i alakai lehulehu hooko - malaila olokea.

wahi Z

Ua nana aku la e like Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana)? Photos o keia kula hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kekahi poʻomanaʻo paʻi puke. Ka mea, ke ike i ke koa Z - ka hale i ua aia ma waho o ka palena o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. I ka mea i lawe mai i ka luku mai ia.

Kēia 'ole i kauʻia ma luna o ka mea hana ma ka a ka Ilamuku pana i loko o ke poo, ke kinoea keʻena ma luna, i kukulu ia i ka 1943, a me ka crematorium ninoieo o eha umu. I kekahi manawa, amo kanaka hele ma laila 'ana me ka hele ana ma kakau ana i loko o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai. I mea kumu i kekahi hiki ole ascertain i ka kiko'ī helu o ka poʻe i make iʻaneʻi.

alohi hoʻokolohua

A puni ka parade honua i like Track mai ka eiwa okoa ka paleʻana, a me ka Nazis hua mai la i ikea ai kamaa. Kela la i keia koho pio ma luna o ka mea pepehi sorokakilometrovye mamao ma kekahi mau māmā holo. Kēia hoao i loko o ka makahiki 1944, o ka SS huikau. Ka mea, puʻe wale akula kēlā kanaka e komo i kamaa, a lawe liʻiliʻiʻeke a he umi a me kekahi manawa he iwakalua-kumamalima kilograms. Paahao ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i kekahi mea e like ai ponopono mau kamaa, no ka manawa, mai kekahi mahina i hoʻokahi makahiki. Inā he kanaka i hana i ka hewa pakahi aku la ia nui, ka mea, ua ia he indefinite olelo.

Mau hewa i manaoia sabotage, e pakele ai, hou-i hoao mai ai i pakele ai, he kipa i kekahi Barracks, e hōʻeuʻeu ana i ka sabotage, paipai 'paepae o ka haole transmitters, pedophilia (oe. 176), homosexual hookamakama, īnea i ka hainā a me ka coercion heterosexual na kanaka i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻomoana i ka homosexual, homosexual hana' ia e consensual heterosexual kanaka. Homosexuals, ka mea i hiki mai ma Sachsenhausen, mau hoopai i loaa koke (Articles 175 a me 175a).

haukapila Barracks

Sachsenhausen - lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai, i kahi 'inikua ho okolohua i lawe mai horrific. Keia mea ua lako 'inikua kulanui ma Germany h ÷ ike anatomical mea.

Moat no ka hooko

Ka oi kaulana Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana)? Ka papa inoa o ka poʻe pio ia mea nui. Kēia make hola Ua lako pono me ka ai-i kapaia o ka pana gale, he morgue, mechanizedʻolokeʻa a me strelbischnym mau lala. Olokea Ua lako pono me ka loop no ka poo pio, a me ka pahu i loko o kahi e waiho ai i kona mau wawae. I mea, i hohola i ka luahi, i kaaweia. Ka Gestapo hoʻohana mea like me ka pale kaua, hou aku ka pana.

o ka hale paʻahao hana

Ke hoʻomoana Gestapo halepaahao, a Tselenbau i kūkulu i ka 1936. Ka mea, i ka T-shape. Ua mālama Special pio i ka mehameha hoopaaia a me kanawalu. Mawaena o lakou ua General Stefan Grot-Stefan Rowecki - ka mua luna o ka Home Army. He Ua pana i loko o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka Warsaw Uprising.

He nui nā kanaka ke kemu Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana). Bandera Stepan Taras Bulba-Borovets a me kekahi'ē aʻe alakaʻi o ka nationalist neʻeʻana i loko o Ukraine i kekahi, ua manao ia ma keia halepaahao. Kekahi o ia kēia kanaka Kelemānia Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ka hopena o ka makahiki 1944.

Aia ua languishing ma ka noho pio ana a me ka noho kahu hipa Nemoller. Ma keia luawai i pihaʻi me nā kāhuna (ma kahi o 600 poe uhane), papa kiʻekiʻe koa luna, na kālai'āina na kii, e like me ka pono i na lala o ka hana neʻeʻana mai o Palani, ka Netherlands, Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Germany, ka USSR a me Lukemapuka.

I keia la, ka mea a pau hema'ēheu o ka wale hale paʻahao i loko o nā keʻena a mea he mālama exhibition o ka National Socialist wā elima. Ua hai e pili ana i na hana o keia hola o ka make. Ma kekahi'ē aʻe keena (General Grot-Stefan Rowecki) lele plaques hoʻomoana pio.

NKVD kūikawā e hoʻomoana ai

I ka makahiki 1945, ma August, la oia i hoolilo ia Sachsenhausen "Special hoomoanaʻi helu 7" o ka NKVD. Mau, ua kau mai i na pio mamua o ke kaua. Ka mea, Ua Soviet kanaka, ua manaoia e hoʻi i ka USSR, ka Social Democrats, i hauʻoli i ka Communist-Socialist nohona'ōnaehana, lālā kahiko o ka Nazi aoao, e like me mamua Kelemānia luna "Wehrmacht" a me ka malihini. I ka 1948, i Kapa hou i keia hale "Special e hoʻomoana ai helu 1". E like me ka hopena, ua ka nui o ka ekolu kūikawā mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, i pihaʻi me interned ma ka Soviet ciia o kaʻoihana. Ua Ua paa i ka makahiki 1950.

Kēia kula ana wale 5 makahiki kahiko. Akā, i kēia wā ia e hoʻokele i lawe 60,000 kānaka Soviet pio o ke kaua, o ka i mai exhaustion a me ka pololi, oiai ma ka hoʻopaʻahao, make iho la ma kahi o 12 tausani kanaka.

pūʻulu o nā pio

I kēia lā ia mea paʻakikī no kanaka, e hoomanao i ka Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana). Ka papa inoa o ka poʻe pio ia mea nui. Ano, e hai aku mākou e pili ana i nā pūʻulu o ka pio. E like me kekahi hoike, ma Sachsenhausen Media a pink triangle pau, mawaena o na mea e ae. I ka wā mai o ka inception o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai a 1943 ma laila i make 600 'elele o ka' īnea i ê. Mai 1943, Māhū kanaka ka hapanui hana i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana ai haukapila la ia i kahu a me na kumu. Ma hope o ke kaua nui o ke koena pio e homosexual, ka Kelemānia ke aupuni i ole i uku.

Sachsenhausen i keia la

GDR ke aupuni i ka makahiki 1956 i kūkulu ai i ka lehulehu i hoomoanaʻi i loko o ka palena o ke aupuni e hoomanao, i i inaugurated i ka 1961, ma ka 23 April. Na laila aupuni i? Aaony e dismantle kaʻana like 'ana i ka liona ka o ka palapala hale, a hoʻouka i kekahi kiʻi, he obelisk, e hana i kekahi wahi no ka halawai. Kūlana excessively ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ka pili aupuni kue a me ka hiki hoʻohālikelike ana i ka 'ē aʻe hui.

I kēia lā Sachsenhausen He He iau a me ka hoomanao ai. Kona ?? eoi? Ua hamama i ka lehulehu. Kekahi mau hale a me nā hale i ua hookoeia mai ai, a ua ua? Aeiino?: Ka lehulehu i hoʻomoana ai puka, aaoaeuiuo auoae, hoʻomoana Barracks (ma luna o ka Iudaio aoao) a me ka crematorium mau imu.

I ka hoomanao ana o ka poe i make i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai homosexuals hoʻomanaʻo plaque i laila e höʻike i ka 1992. Ma ka iau i ka 1998, ua ka exhibition hoolilo ai i ka Iehova i ka hoike i - na pio o Sachsenhausen.

pepeiaohao nui inmates

He nui hou hiki ke hai aku la ia no ka Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana). Mau papa helu o nā pio o kona study pela mamao. Ka loa kaulana pio o keia hola o ka make, ua like penei:

• Keiki I. V. Stalina - Dzhugashvili Iakoba. Kona pana uaki i ka 1943, April 14, ma ka demonstrative hoao e pakele.
• Stepan Bandera - i ka alihi kaua o Ukrainian nationalists. Hookuu ia ma ka Kelemānia aupuni.
• Jaroslav Stetsko - i ka alihi kaua o Ukrainian nationalists. Hookuu ia ma ka Kelemānia Aupuni.
• Dmitriy Mihaylovich Karbyshev - pio Red Army mau. He Ua hoolilo ia Mauthausen, kahi i make ai.
• Lambert Horn - Communist, Kelemānia lehulehu a me ka pili aupuni huahelu. He make no leukemia.
• Fritz Thyssen - German industrialist a me politician, i ke poo o ke kila hui. He Ua hoolilo ia Buchenwald.
• Aleksandr Semonovich Zotov - General, nana i alakai i ka lola honua kahi e hoʻomoana ai.
• Jurek Becker - German mea kākau a me ka screenwriter, ua i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana he uuku, a me kona makuwahine.
• Max Lademann - Kelemānia nohona a me ka pili aupuni activist, Communist, hoʻokahuli aupuni.
• Lothar Erdmann - Social Democrat, he Kelemānia kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa.

commandants o ka lehulehu hoomoana

Ke commandant o Sachsenhausen,ʻo Karl Otto Koch (July 1936 - July 1937), nā hōkū Helvig (August 1937 - 1938), Hermann Baranowski (1938 - Kepakemapa 1939), Walter Eisfeld (September 1939 - March 1940), Hans Loritz (April 1940 - August 1942), Anton Kaindl (August 31, 1942 - April 22, 1945).

Ke alanui a hiki i ka Sachsenhausen

He nui ka hana hoihoi i ka ike i ka Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana). Pehea e kiʻi ai i ka make mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi? He mea pono ia Pelelina Central Station kipaku aku i loko o ke ala e hiki aku ai i ke koa Brandenburg Oranienburg suburban mau ukali (S-Bahn). Ke hele mau 45 minuke.

Once ua hōʻea 'oe i loko o Oranienburg (hope hooki), oe e hele i Sachsenhausen 3 ei (hele i 20 minuke) a lawe iā ia ma luna o ke kaʻa'ōhua. Ke iau komo Ua noa. Here oe ke kuai i ka leo alakaʻi. Inā 'oe e pono ai ke alakaʻi, a laila, e pono i ka houluulu i kekahi pūʻulu (palena iki 15 kanaka) .Each mea e uku 1 Euro. Aia Kauai i mōhai i loko o nā 'ōlelo a pau.

he nui nalo, ma ka pelane, mai Rusia a hiki i Pelelina. 'Oe ke' imi 'ike e pili ana i nike de i Germany. No hoi i Pelelina mai Moscow me ka Hawaiian alahao ia hoonoho ai i hiki ke lalau ma ka huakaʻi, a holo i ka mau o ka manawa o ka pule. Travel manawa mea mai ka 26 a hiki i 29 hola.

kekahi 'ike

He nui nā kanaka i lawe mai ke kaumaha Sachsenhausen (lehulehu hoʻomoana). Stalin ua i hiki ke hoopakele mai ia ia, mai kana keiki. Blokfyurery alai ae ma ka commandant o ka lehulehu e hoʻomoana ai hoʻokūkū ana i loko o ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mea o ka make. E like me hāpai aʻela ma ka SS, ka crematorium a me nāʻolokeʻa a pau e ka makau i waena o nā tausani o ka poe pio o ke kaua, lawe mai ana i Sachsenhausen. Nā kiʻi i loko o ka exhibition, a me na Notes e paipai i kekahi: na maka o ka poe pio, e hele ana i ka'āwai, uaʻaʻohe makaʻu,ʻaʻohe mea makau.

Ua ua ike ia i ka paia waho o ka ke Kelemānia a pau,ʻaʻole hiki ke maopopo ma waena o ka Soviet kanaka - no ka ia, ka mea, ua pau i kekahi kanaka. E kuhikuhi i na Iudaio, me ka Nazis puʻe wale mai i na pio, e hao i kapa ole, e imi i ke okipoepoe ana. Inā truncated nolaila Iudaio. Nā pio i pio i, e hoʻonui hoʻi i ka hua'ōlelo "ai". Inā he kanaka me ka lisp, ia koke pana aku la ia.

E like me ka mea'ē aʻe ka make mau wahi i hoomoanaʻi, i? Ac? Ka Uluwehi O Ke hoʻomāinoino 'ana i kūpono ma Sachsenhausen. No ka uuku kanaka hewa loa hahau me ka laau, a me kila uea, laholio huipa, kau ma luna o ka laau a me na kaula a me na kaula o ka i hilo lima. Mau hoomaewaewa ia i kapaʻia ka SS hoopai, a me nā pio - hewa. I mea, o ka wale "hewa," o ka pio ua i ka mea i pio ai, he poe Iudaio. Weliweli hoʻomāinoino 'invented no ka wahine ka hānau keiki. At Sachsenhausen pio ke Kelemānia a ua hoano hou ano o ka hoomake iho no hoi,ʻawahia waiwai, kinoea, hoomakaukau iho e ku e ia typhus,'ā a me nā nā palapū a me ka maʻi puʻuwai.

Ho okolohua ma ka hopena ma luna o kānaka o Nine Inch i i wale ma Soviet pio. Pepehi i ka SS hoʻohana i nā kinoea niho i kīhāpai pests exterminated. Akā, ka mea, i ole i mea na lethal mahele lāʻau ua koi 'ia no kanaka. E hoakaka ia, alakai aku la lakou ia mea ma luna o pio i bipi i loko o ka'ōpao, hoʻololi ka mahele lāʻau a me ka hoʻopunipuni i ka manawa o ka make.

Ma Sachsenhausen hoonoho enemi o ka Nazi? Eia maʻEulopa. I loko nō o ka 'ōlelo ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, i ke ola i loko o kahi i hoʻomoana ai i aliʻi ai maoli nō i waena o-ka lāhui i kūpaʻa, fraternity. Czechs, Norwegians, Kelemānia antifascists, ka Hōlani - papa kiʻekiʻe hana eiiaiaeu, i ka ia nō ke konohiki o na Barracks, clerks hoopakele i ka Soviet kanaka. Ka exhibition maupaʻa i ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka maopopo.

Kekahi o na pio - ka Danes a Norwegians - loaa ka ai paa pu ai. Ke pilikia ia lakou iho, ka mea pili i ka ai me ka Soviet pio. A pau keia la ia mea a hiki i ka SS, a me ka poe a me ka 'ē aʻe loa hoopaiia.