Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich: Kawaihae, scientific ha awina

Semenov Nikolai - ike Soviet Nine, i mea kekahi o na Mamua o Nine ke kālaikūlohea. No hoi, ka meʻe ua he academician o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR.

kaikaina makahiki

I ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema i hānau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Lūkini o Saratov ma April 1896. Ma Rotehama puka 'o ia mai ka Saratov maoli kula i ka 1913, a me kona inoa i komo ma ka papa gula. Ma aʻo, ke kanaka i halawai Vladimir Karmilovym - kona kumu a me ka hoa. Ua i ka mea nāna i kākoʻo Semenov ikaika e hoʻolaʻa i kona ola i ka 'epekema. Ko lakou aloha, ka mea lawe ma ka makahiki. I ke kauwela o 1913 Semenov Nikolai hiki ma Petrograd University ma ke kālaikūlohea a me Balanced'āuna kumu. he kanaka koa Nikolay Aleksandrovich Semenov ua, a manaʻo ihola ia i kāna keiki i hoʻolaʻa ai iaʻu iho a hiki i kēia 'oihana. A i kona komoʻana i ke kulanui, ua he mahae i loko o ka 'ohana, a mau ae la kekahi mau makahiki. E hoʻomaka ana, mai ka lua o ka makahiki o ke ao, i ke kanaka'ōpiopio nei i ke komo pū o ka mea noiʻi ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o A. Joffe. He palapala iho la i kekahi mau akeakamai palapala e pili ana i nā'ātoma a me nā lātoma. I ka 1917, ua puka 'o ia mai ke kulanui, a loaa ka palapala puka o ke degere mua. Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich noho i loko o ke kula, i loko o ka professorial hoa paio (Contemporary kia-puka).

oihana

Kawaihae Semenova Nikolaya Nikolaevicha ka hoolaha hou huli ia ia i ka 1918, hele i Samara, e ike i kona mau makua. Hiki malaila, loaa ia i ke kipi ana o ka Czechoslovak mau pūʻali. I ke kauwela o 1918 i ka mana i loko o Samara hopu SRs. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ma Rotehama ua kapaia e lilo i ka hana manawaleʻa koa i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka White halepaahao. Aia mālama iā ia wale nō ekolu hebedoma kumu nui mea kaua o na pu ki. Oia ka pōkole ola ku i ka mea i ka lono, hele koke ia i kona makua kāne i seriously mai. loaa i ke kanaka opio haʻalele, akā, make koke i kona makua kāne.

Tomsk

Ma hope iho o ia, ma Rotehama manaʻo e hoʻi i ka wahi o ke kaua, akā, haalele, a hele aku la i Tomsk, a i ka mea kokoke i ke kula. Kahi o nā makahiki o kona ola ana i hoʻohala ai 'aneʻi nä känaka' epekema e hana ma ke Kulanui a me ka Institute o Technology. Eia naʻe, ma manawa, ua mobilized epekema ma Kolchak ka poe koa. He ua i loko o ka mea kaua battalion, akā, i koke hoolilo e radiobatalon mililani aku i ka tenacity o kona nā hoapili. Ma hope iho o ia, oia ua hiki ke hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka Institute o Technology. I ka hooilo 1919 i ke kulanakauhale hopu i ka Red Army. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i Semenov i kī, ma hope o ka mea ana i hoomau i kona noiʻi a me ka mea i ao ai hana.

Invitations Joffe

Ma ke kupulau o 1920, Nikolay Semenov, kona Kawaihae i kekahi unexpected huli mai, hoi aku la a hiki i Petrograd ma ke kono ana o kona hoa Joffe, ka mea ma ka manawa i hana mai i ka Helu-E noa ka Institute o ka radiological. Semenov lilo i ke poo o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o lolouilaʻike manaʻo, a ma hope o kekahi i ka wā āna i mālama ai i hope luna hoʻokele o ka Physico-E noa ka Institute. Together me P. Kapitsa mākou meʻe e kaumaha ana i ka 'epekema honua i hou ala o ana i kaʻume mākenēki kahua o ka'Ātoma i loko o ka nonuniform kahua. Ke ano ki ina hana ua 'Imi ulu mau'ē aʻeʻepekema O. Stern a me W. Gerlach. I ka 1928, Nikolay Semenov loaa ka inoa o ke Kumu o ka Leningrad Polytechnic Institute. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hoʻokumu 'o ka Institute o Nine ke kālaikūlohea, a lilo kona mau mea kuhikuhi a kona mau lā hope. Mea mea i loko o kekahi mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻokumuʻo o ke kulanui,ʻo ia i hoolilo ai i Moscow.

Soon ke Kumu lilo i lâlâ o ka Academy o Sciences o ka USSR, a ma ka Makahiki 1932 - kona maoli lala. Hope koke iho,ʻo ia paʻi he monograph me ke kuleana "Nine Kinetics a me Ke kuʻina Reactions", kahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē hooiaio i ke ola ana o ke kaula naoh.

kaua

Nikolay Semenov - he Nine Inch i mea e pono ai i ko lakou noho ana, a hiki i ke kaua. I ka 1941, oia evacuated ia Kazan, ma kaʻoihana hana ai i ka Naita me ia a me ka aa ana. Koke hoi aku la oia i ke kapikala a hoomaka ae hana e like me ka lecturer ma Moscow State University. University? Aaiuo i loa Apo aku la ia i ke anu i loko o kā lākou mau kaiaulu Semenova. I ka hookahi makahiki āna i hoʻonohonoho i ka 'Oihana o Nine Inch kinetics, a ua poai puni ma luna o ka 40 makahiki e hiki mai ana.

Moscow Institute o ke kālaikūlohea a me Technology

I ka MH 1946,ʻo ia hoʻonohonoho pu me P. Kapitsa olelo mua ia kula Semenov a me ka poʻe lilo kona ke kākoʻo '-mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a me ka' epekema ka luna hoʻokele o ka'Āuna Kumu o kemika. He umi makahiki o kona ola (1940-1950), oia mea heʻeleu lala a me ka hana ana o ka Soviet'ātoma papahana. I ka 1947, Semenov Nikolay komo i ka poʻe kaua o ka CPSU. Mai 1961 a hiki i 1966 ka mea, ua he moho lâlâ o ka CC, like hoʻi me 3 manawa i lilo ai i alii kiaaina no ka Aha Kuka Malu. I ka 1966 ua koho hope o ka 7 halawai o ka Apana # 512.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema i kekahi o na hoa paio o nukelea kaua. I kona scientific kula nā chemists a me physicists e like me Ya Zel'dovich, Yu Chariton, N. Emanuel. He kanu i ka haumana nui i loko o ka Lūkini kapikala ma ka Novodevichy pā ilina. He make mai maoli kumu i loko o ka Akuma ka o ka makahiki 1986.

ʻepekema hana

Nikolay Semenov, he pōkole Kawaihae ia mea i ke kumuhana o keia 'atikala, i na mea he nui ponoʻepekema discoveries. Ke kumu nui o ka lakou hai aku i ka thermal Naita me kumumanaʻo,'ā kinoea nā mea huihuina a me ka pähola 'ana o ke kaula gula reactions ma kemika. Ka mea mua nui pukana i ka pilikia o ke nä känaka 'epekema ionization kinoea. He i komo i loko o ke kumuhana o dielectric hālāwai hope, i hope, alakai aku la ia ia, e hana i ka thermal hālāwai hope o ke kumumanaʻo. Ua lilo i ke kumu no ka thermal mea hō'ā kaʻa kumumanaʻo. A pau i kēia 'ae' ia no ka hoʻoponopono 'i ke kumuhana o ka pahū detonation a me ka aa ana.

Together me kaʻepekema Kapitza alakai ho okolohua, i 'ae' e hoʻomaulia i ka haiahū kūmau o ka laau o ke paramagnetic nā'ātoma ma ka inhomogeneous kahua. Me Yu Khariton ua hiki ke huai ae i ka condensation mahana a me kona noho pilikia nuʻa.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema kaulana loa i loaa ma kona pähola' o ke kaula reactions. A iki ma hopeʻo ia i ho'āʻo'ano'ē kaula kaʻina, Kuhikuhi 'ia ka helu o nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē. Ua weheia mau discoveries hou lipolipo o kālaiʻike chemists. Me Shilov hōʻike i ka pilina o ka ikehu keʻano o ka hanaʻana, a me ka hooulu ana o ke kaula reactions. I ka makahiki 1956, Semenov i i hookoia ka Nobel makana i loko o kemika. No hoi, oia no ke kumu o ka puke "Ka kŰia o ka ikehu kaula ai manamana ai i loko o Nine Inch reactions."

Nikolay Semenov, i mea i loko o ka Hawaii photo pepa, maemae ano o ka quasi-wahi nā hoʻohui like Bodenstein. Prior i keia, i kēia iaoia ua ka wale kumu no ka kinetic hoʻomaulia ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. Kanaka hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema hoolilo i ka theme like o catalytic keʻano o ka hanaʻana. He wehewehe i ka kumumanaʻo o heterogeneous catalysis me Vol'kenshtein F. a me B. moku'āina.

ohana

Semenov Nikolay Nikolaevich nui i loko o ka loa kohu kūpono ohana. E like me ka makou i ike ai mamua, o kona makua kāne i kekahi luna. Ma hope o ko Laieikawai la hana Kakauolelo, a ma hope lilo i moku'āina councilor, a loaa pilikino ano hanohano. Mom chemist Elena i aristocratic kêia kanaka. Grandpa Nikolaya Semenova maternal Tsarskoye Selo i ka limahana.

Ko makou meʻe i mare i ka 1921 a hiki i ka haumana novelist, Kumu o Petrograd University a me ka unuhi o Dante Mary Isidorovne Boreyshe-Liverovskii. An hana hoihoi 'mea i ka wahine i mua Eha ana mau keiki, mai kona kanaka mua, a ua nui nō ma mua o kona hoa. Ma hope o nā makahiki o ka hauʻoli ola pu Mariya Isidorovna make o ka maʻi 'aʻai. A makahiki ma hope, he nä känaka 'epekema mare Kalikimaka Burtsevoy - kaikamahine o kana wahine. Kēia mare ua nui hou holomua, e like me ka mea mau i nā kupanaha keiki: Ludmilla a me Yuri. I ka makahiki 1971, Semenov Nikolay piha iho e hoʻohui i ka ola me kekahi o kona mau kānaka kōkua. Ka hope mare ua, e like me ka mua, keiki ole no hoi.

Hōʻuluʻulu i ka 'atikala, ka mea hiki ke olelo aku i ka hana a me ka hoao ana Nikolaya Semenova i paa iki iloko no hou noiʻi a me ka ulu ana o Nine Inch' epekema. Ke nä känaka 'epekema ka' oihana i koho ma ka papa inoa o ka hoʻolilo 'ia' anaʻo ia i hoʻolimalima i ma kā lākou mau hana a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kū hoʻokahi manao.