Arame Ilyich Khachaturyan: mo'olelo pilikino o ka mea haku mele, nā hi'ohi'ona o ka ho'ohālike a me nā mea hoihoi

Ua'ike mākou i kēia kanaka ma ke'ano o kekahi o nā mea ho'okani pilakino keu loa a'o kāna mau hana he po'e mele mele ia o ke kenekulia iwakālua. Ua'ike'ia kona inoa ma kahi o nā mea a pau,'a'ole hiki i ke hui pū me nā mele, a hana'ia kāna hana ma nā hale hāmama. 'Oiai ua aneane 40 mau makahiki mai kona hala'ana, ua kani mau kāna mau mele i nā ki'i'oni'oni, ma ke kelepuni a me ka leka uila. No laila, i ka meʻe o kēia puke - Suria Khachaturyan Kawaihae a mea he Kuhina Nui mamuli o ke ana i ka maʻamau keiki, mai na wahi e pili ana o Tiflis ke lilo no laila, pono-ike kanaka.

'O nā keiki'ōpio o ka haku mele nui

I ka lā 6 o Iune, 1903 i hānau'ia ma kahi'ohana'Amenaia nui ka hānau'ana o ke keiki kāne'ehā,'o ia ka inoa'o Aram. Ua hana'ia kēia ma ke kauhale'o Kojori, i kēia manawa'o District Gardabani, ke kula o Tbilisi (Tbilisi) ma Georgia. 'O kona mau mākua'o Kumash Sarkisovna (makuahine) a'o Ilya (Yeghia) Khachaturian (makua), e hana ana ma ke'ano puke puke.

Mai nā makahiki mua o kona ola'ana, ho'onani'o ia i ka mele a kahi mea li'ili'i o'Amerika Khachaturyan, ka mea nāna i a'o'ia me ka hoihoi e nā po'e, me ke'ano ha'alulu i kēlā me kēia leo mai kona helu. I loko o ke kula pule, ho'okani'o ia me ka'olu'olu nui i ka tuba, ka leo a me ka piano. I ka manawa pinepine mahalo'ia ke keikikāne. Ma hope mai, ho'omana'o'o ia ua hānau'ia ma kahi o waho o Tiflis - he mele, he kūlanakauhale ho'okani ho'okani - he mea hiki'ole ke'ae i ka magic of music e komo.

Akā, ua mana'o nā mākua he pono kā lākou mau keiki ke komo i kahi'oihana ko'iko'i, no laila'a'ole i lawe nui'ia kona huhū. No ka ho'okomo'ana i ka mele ma kēlā pālākiō i pani ai'o ia iā ia iho, hiki wale nō i nā makahiki 19.

Nā hana o Khachaturian'ōpio

No ka mea haku mele ma hope, he mea nui loa ka loa'a'ana o kahi mele mele'Opera, kahi mele mele a me ka Society Musical Society i Tbilisi. Ma kēia kūlanakauhale i hele mai'o Sergei Rachmaninoff lāua'o Fedor Shalyapin. Loa'a nā po'e mele ma ke'ane'i, i ka manawa ho'okahi i hana nui i ka ho'okō'ana i nā papa hana mele o Georgia a me Armenia.

Ua hō'ona kēia mau mea a pau i nā mele mele kahiko a ke kanaka'ōpio.

'O Khachaturian, ka mea nāna i'ike i ka pilina o ka honua, ua lilo ia i mea pa'a loa i loko o kāna'ike loiloi. 'O kēia "bouquet" ia i'ae'ia ai, a ma hope o nā makahiki he nui,'a'ole i ho'oka'awale'ia no ka lāhui. Ho'okani mau'ia ke mele no kahi hālāwai nui. 'A'ole'o'Ake Khachaturian i hō'ike i nā palena'āina. 'O ka mo'olelo pilikino, e alaka'i ana i ke ala mai kahi kauhale li'ili'i, e ho'omaka nei e'olu'olu me nā'ano hou a hou. Nui ka makemake o ka mea haku mele ma ka mele a me nā mele o nā lāhui'ē a'e, me ka mahalo nui iā ia. 'O ka internationalism ka mea nui loa i ka hi'ohi'ona a me ka ho'ohālike o ko Suria Khachaturian.

'O nā paia'ōpio o "Gnesinka"

He paʻakikī i ka manaoio i ka mea maikaʻi loa haku mele ka mea i hana i na mea he nui rhapsodies, concertos, symphonies a me nā hana, ua aʻo bila notation wale nō 19 makahiki. I kēia manawa o kona ola,'o ia a me kekahi o kona mau hoa'āina hele mai i Moscow a komo i ke Ke'ena'Olepale'o Gnesin no ka papa hula. I ka manawa ho'okahi, ua loa'a iā ia ka ho'ona'auao'ana o kahi mea ola honua (ma ke Kōkuke a me ka Makemakika Facultia) ma ke Kula Nui o Moscow.

I ka wā ho'opa'a mo'olelo Aram Ilyich Khachaturyan, mo'olelo pilikino 'O ia ka mea i ho'omaka e ho'opihapiha me nā mea hou, hiki iā ia ke hopu i nā mea a pau i nalowale i kāna ho'okūkū mele. 'A'ole'o ia i ho'omaka i kāna noi'ana, akā ua lilo nō ho'i'o ia i ho'okahi o nā haumāna maika'i loa. Eia kekahi, ua loa'a iā ia ka kuleana e'ōlelo ai ma kekahi mau mele like'ole a nā haumāna ma nā hale nui me nā hale li'ili'i o ka Conservatory Moscow.

Pehea e lilo ai i haku mele?

Ma ka makahiki 1925 i lilo ai'o ia i haku mele,'o Aram Khachaturyan, ka mea nāna i haku i ka mo'olelo i ka mo'olelo i ho'opau'ole'ia. Ma laila i loa'a iā ia nā mākau kākau mua. 'Ehā mau makahiki ma hope aku, i ka makahiki 1929, lilo'o ia i haumāna no ka Moscow Conservatory Conservatory, kahi ma lalo o ke alaka'i ko'iko'i o Mykola Miaskovsky, ua like kona haku mele me he haku mele.

I ka makahiki 1933, hele'o Sergei Prokofiev i ka papa'o Myaskovsky. Mai kēia hui'ana, ua hiki'ole i ka Khachaturyan'ōpio ke ho'omana'o'ia. Ua nui a lanakila hou'ia'o ia e nā hana a ka mea haku mele keu loa. Aka, aia no hoi ka aoao hoihoi: Ua makemake o Prokofiev i na palapala a Suria a lawe aku la oia me ia i Paris. Ma laila'o ia i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale,'o ia ho'i ka miliona o nā kānaka i makemake nui e'ike, ua pepehi'ia lākou.

'O ka "hula" mua o Khachaturian

"Hula" no ka violin a me ka piano -'o kēia ka hana mua a Suria Ilyich, i pa'i'ia. Hō'ike pono ia i kekahi o nā hi'ohi'ona a me nā hi'ohi'ona o ka hana a ka mea haku mele: hiki iā'oe ke lohe i nā hō'ailona o kekahi mau hopena pinepine i ulu nui i ke mele instrumental o ka Hikina; I ka hana o nā'ano he nui o ka ho'ololi, improvisation; Rhythmic ostinato a me "Khachaturian kekona" i'ike'ia e nā po'e he nui. Ua'ōlelo ka mea haku mele i kona maukona ke hele mai mai ka ho'olohe pinepine'ia i ka wā kamali'i i nā mea kani - tambourine, kamancha a sazandar-tara.

'O ka li'ili'i loa,'o Khachaturian,'o kona'ano pilikino - he hō'ailona o ka hana a ke kanaka akamai a me ke akamai,'o ia ke kumu o ka hana'ana i nā mele mele i kona ulu. I ka makahiki 1932, ua hele mai ke Kelepona no ka piano. 'O ia ka inoa mua i kapa'ia'o "Tokatta" i'ike'ia e ka honua holo'oko'a. He nui nā pianists e ho'okomo i loko o kā lākou puke. Aia a hiki i kēia wā, he mana ka ho'ona'auao i ka lehulehu a me kekahi'ano hana.

I ka makahiki 1933, ho'omaka lākou e ho'okani i ka "Hula Suite" no ka mea ho'okani pila. Mahalo i kēia hana, e ho'onani ana i ka hau'oli pono o ke ola, ka mālamalama a me ka ikaika, ua alaka'i'ia'o Khachaturian'ōpiopio i loko o ka hui o nā mea ho'okani Soviet maika'i loa. 'Elua mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua lohe'ia nā mele o ka Symphony ma kahi ke'ena o ke Moscow Conservatory, a he palapala kāpeka i ka manawa o ke a'o'ana mai ka hale'aha'aina. 'O ka hopena kēia o mua a me ka ho'omaka'ana o ka manawa ma hope o ke ola o ka mea haku mele. Nā mo'olelo o Aram Khachaturian He'ano ia o ka mo'olelo o ke mele, no ka mea, he ho'okahi manawa ka'awale kēlā me kēia o nā helu, e hō'ike ana i nā mana'o, nā'ike a me nā mana'olana o ka mea kākau.

Composer-kumu

'O kekahi hapa nui o nā hana a Aram Ilyich e mālama'ia ana e kāna mau mele no nā hana ho'okani. 'O ka mea kaulana loa'o ia ka mele no Lermontov's Masquerade a me ka wahine Lopevedegian Valencian. 'Oiai'o ka mea i hana'ia nā papa hana no ka hana, ua loa'a iā lākou kahi ola kū'oko'a loa.

'O Khachaturian, ka mea kākau mo'olelo wale nō i wehewehe wale i ke ola o kahi haku mele, ua'ike nui'o ia i ka hana'eneke. Ua hō'ike'o ia i ke'ano o ka mele nui i ka hō'ike'ana i ke kumu a me ka makemake o ka luna. Akā, ua'ike nui'ia kona akamai i nā mele mele. Ho'oki'eki'e nā mea nānā i kona mau'ahamele no ka violin ame ka pīpeka a me ka piano a me ka mea ho'okani pila. 'O nā mana'o i kū ma mua o ka Symphony a me ka "Dance Suite" i loa'a ai kahi ola hou. Eia kekahi, he mele a Khachaturian, a ma hope aku i lilo i mele no kona'ano. I ka makahiki 1942, ua ho'okumu'o ia i ka helu o ka pila "Gayane", kahi i ho'ohui'ia ai ka mele mele a me ka choreographic. Ma mua o ka hopena o ke kaua, ua'ike'ia ka'elua a me ke kolu o nā hui. I 9 mau makahiki ma hope o ke kaua, ua kākau ka mea haku mele i ka mea ho'okani pila a me ka pō'ino "Spartacus."

He aha ka mea,'o ko Aram Khachaturian mo'olelo pilikino? Ma ke'ano pōkole, hiki iā'oe ke no'ono'o i'ekolu mau hua'ōlelo: hana, hana a hana hou. Ma nā makahiki he kanaono mai ka peni o Khachaturian i puka mai i'ekolu mele mele-rhapsodies, i ka makahiki 1971 i hā'awi'ia i ka makana aupuni.

Ua hā'awi'ia ka nui o ka ikaika i ka hana a'oa'o ha'awina Khachaturian. No nā makahiki he nui,'o ia ke po'o o ka papa mele ma Moscow Tchaikovsky Conservatory a me ka Institute Institute Music. Ho'okumu pinepine ka hana a ka haku mele a hiki i kona lā hope loa. Ua pau kona ola ma Moscow, Mei 1, 1978.

Nā hana ho'oweliweli mai ka ola o ka mea haku mele

Nā mo'olelo o Aram Khachaturian Kei loko a me nā mea hoihoi like'ole. 'O kekahi o lākou e pili ana i kāna'īlio. 'O nā holoholona i hana'ia me ka ho'olālā kūikawā. I ho'okahi manawa ma Kelemānia, ua hā'awi'ia iā ia kekahi makana - he poodle ali'i. Ua kapa'ia'o'Amerama Ilyich iā ia'o Lyado (e like me nā inoa o nā helu'elua). Hele pū'o ia me ia, hānai iā ia, ho'okani pū me ia. Ua lilo'o Khachaturian i mea pili i kāna haumāna a ua ho'ola'a mua'o ia i kahi pā'ani iā ia, "'o ia'o Lyado i ma'i nui."

'O kekahi kumu'ē a'e o ka pili loa o ka mō'aukala. I ka makahiki 1944, ho'olaha lākou i ka ho'okūkū no ka oli mele o'Amenia. 'O Khachaturian, i hele mai i Yerevan, nona kahi mele pono'ī. I kekahi ahiahi, noho'o ia ma ka piano, a puni'o ia i nā'ohana o kona'ohana a ho'opā i nā kī. He lā wela ia, ua hamama ākea nā pā hale o nā po'e. Ma lalo o nā puka makani o ka haku mele nui, hō'ulu'ulu nā kānaka i ka po'e, i ho'oulu'ia e ke mele a lākou i lohe ai, a laila mele pū'ia ka mele a Khachaturyan.

Nā pilina pilina

Pēlā i hiki ai iā Khachaturian ke hana. 'O kahi ha'awina pōkole o kēia haku mele a me ka haku mele e hō'ike nei,'a'ole'o ia wale nō i ho'omaopopo i nā mele wale nō, akā,'o kona waiwai ho'i i ka lehulehu. 'A'ole'o ia i ka pōloli. I ka hānau mua'ana, ua hānau'ia'o Nune, a lilo'o ia i piano. Ma hope iki iho, ma hope o ka pau'ana o ka hui mua, ua mare ka mea haku mele i ka manawa'alua. 'O kāna mea i wae'ia he haumāna mai ka papa o kona po'o'o Myaskovsky - Nina Makarova. 'O kēia wahine ka mea i lilo i mea aloha nui, hoa noho a hoa noho pono'o Khachaturian. Ua ola'o'Ame lāua'o Nina i ke keiki a Karen (kahi mea akamai kaulana).

A ola'o'Ami Khachaturian i kona ola, he pōkole pōkole a i loihi loaa kekahi meaʻano nui: kapa aku la i ka inoa o ka haku mele nui o ka Hall Nui o ka Conservatory a me ke kaula Quartet, a me kona inoa mea he makahiki Competition, i ho i ka haku mele a me nā pianists.