Sofya Romanova: Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

E ke kaikamahine o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Sofya Romanova i hanau September 27, 1657. Ua ua i ke ono o ka keiki i loko o kaʻohana aliʻi. Kona makuwahine, Maria Miloslavskaya, ua ka wahine mua a Alexei a me ka makuwahine o nā aliʻi Fyodor III a me Ivan V. Will Sofya Romanova ana, e like me nā hoahānau, i luna - ka mua, mahope mai o ka Princess Olga i loko o ka X kenekulia.

kanaka

Educator Sophia Alekseevna ua he theologian Simeona o Polotsk - kekahi o ka loa ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i Lūkini kanaka o ia au. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i ka wā noʻonoʻo i ke Alii wahi lilelile paha, a akamai ke kanaka.

Ma ka moolelo hoi Moscow State, e like me i nā mō'ī o ke kaikamahine he nui loa ponoi ke ola. Loa pinepine, i ke Alii i ole mare. Marriage me compatriots (e like me Boyar) Ua noʻonoʻo 'ole, a me ka ahaaina mare a me ka poeikohoia oʻEulopa dynasties ua i hiki ole, no kaʻoihanaʻokoʻa. Sophia Alekseevna no hoi i ole i ka wahine. Akā, e lilo ana ke aka kālai'āina, wehe ia i ka na wahi lulu mooolelo o ka repression o na wahine o ke aliʻi koko a hiki i ka lehulehu ke kahua.

dynastic hoʻoponopono ulia

Alexei Mikhailovich he nui na keiki, akā, aneane a pau o ia ka oko ao ilihune ola. Ke alii i ua hoano e mau a Iese hele lākou. E make i ka 1676, i Mō'ī i kona hooilina i ke kolu o ke keiki, Fyodor, ka mea i lilo Fyodor III. Kēia kanaka'ōpiopio i kekahi eha. He make i ka 1682 i na makahiki 20.

Malama ana i ke keiki ke aliʻi o ka ola i ala i ka dynastic hoʻoponopono ulia. Aia i kekahi mea o ka hope. A laila, i kekahi mea ma luna o ka weliweli kālai'āina, a ikea Sofya Romanova. Fedor, kaawale mai he mau kaikuahine, he mau kaikaina: John a me Petero. Pela i make ai ke aliʻi keikiʻole, i ka mana e e hele ai i kekahi o ia mau mea.

Ivan ua mua, akā, i kona fragile ola ke hoala mai i na mea pohihihi. Jr., o Petero, ma ka mea ku ole, wehewehe aku ma ka lohi ole, maikaʻiʻana, aʻaʻole keiki ka manao. Eia hou, nā aliʻi, he mau keiki a kekahi wahine Alexis. Ivan i ka makuwahine o Maria Miloslavskaya, makuahine o Petero - Natalia Naryshkin. Ma hope o nā kua o ko lākou mau hope hana hoahanau, mai na boyars 'ohana.

kahu aupuni

Oddly lawa, akā, me kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai aka no ka Moscow waiwai ua Sofia Romanov Kawaihae i hōʻike mai ia mea he ikaika makemake, a ua hiki i ka hoʻokele. I ka 1682, ma hope o ka make ana o Feodor III no, ma ke poʻo, aia ua kekahi haunaele musketeers - koa, i hana i ke kumu o ka Lūkini koa regular i ia manawa.

Army i hoʻoili ai MILOSLAVSKAYA, kū'ē i ka candidacy o Petero. Sagittarians Naryshkins hoopiiia mai ma ka pepehi kanaka o Ivan, a pepehi i ke aliʻi hale. Pepehi nui boyars, e kū ana ma kaʻaoʻao o Petero, a me kona mau "kahu" Artamon Matveev. E like me ka hopena o keia kaua 'uao kaua nā aliʻi like ma luna o ka mea ia e aliʻi pū nā hoahānau.

Akā, i kēiaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai i ole ana lākou wā kamaliʻi. A laila, hoʻoholo ihola nā kaukaualiʻi i ka mea momona a makemake ia i ke kahu Sofya Romanova. Kawaihae kaikamahine Alexei Mikhailovich hoopii hoa a pau o ka Moscow waiwai, a ma June 1682, ua lilo iho la ia i ka Empress i kona kaikaina.

Ka lima'ākau o Sophia

Ma mua o ka hopena Lūkini o ka XVII kenekulia, ua kekahi mau kaumaha kūloko ma, a mawaho pilikia. Ka mea, i hele pu me ia e nā mea a pau i ka papa Sophia. Romanov i nui mana, akā, ua lawe i ka olelo hooholo ma muli o ka'ōlelo aʻo o kona mau punahele. Hea ka kuhikuhi Alii ua haku a me diplomat Prince Vasily Golitsyn. Kauoha aku,ʻo ia i mālama i ke poo o ka elele o ka mea (i ka mea like o ke Kuhina o ko na Aina e).

"12 'atikala"

I ka hoʻoilina o ko Sophia ka makua kāne, loaa ae nei i ka pilikia Orthodox haipule schism. Church mihi Ua lawe mai ma lalo o ka Tsar Alexis, a makua'lii Nikon. Hoʻololi i kekahi o ka kuʻuna dogmas, a oihana alakai i kekahi 'ano kūkaʻi ia'ku o ke kaiāulu. Kanaka, ka poe i makemake eʻae HOU ole, i hoopiiia no ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo.

Sophia Alekseevna Romanov, o kona noho aliʻi i ka Logical hoomau ana i ka noho alii ana o kona makua kāne, kākoʻo i ka mua repressive kūkulu 'ia e ku e na mea ku eo. I ka 1685, i ke Alii wahine i ka ai-kapaia "12 'atikala". Ma keia kanawai ua ua codified hoopai ma ka pili ana i ka Old manaoio. Aeia mai hooko, hoʻomāinoino ', hoopaa i loko o nā paia o nā monasteries, ka haoʻana o ka waiwai.

Apono ana o ka "12 'atikala" Ua alakai ai i ka Exodus o ka mea haalele mai Moscow a me nā nui kulanakauhale o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Mea kākau moʻolelo Lev Gumilyov, a me na mea he nui 'ē noiʻi i manaoio i ua kekahi o ka poʻe hewa nui i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini noho kalaima kulekele i ke kānāwai. Interestingly, i ka makahiki o Louis XIV i ka ia manawa me Sophia hōʻoki aku ma Farani ka Edict o Nantes, haalele i ke kahuna ke ahonui, i poʻe Kalawina.

Mau ka maluhia me Poland

ʻO ka wā Alexis Rusia i ma ke kaua ana me Poland. Ke kaua kue i pau ai i ka 1667, akā, he nui loa ia kenekoa hoopaapaa i ole, ua pau. Kalaiaina pāʻoihana a hiki i keia pilikia, a i Sophia Alekseevna Romanov. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o ke kahu aupuni hiki i kekahi manawa, i ka wa nā'āina, ua hoihoi i loko o ka olelo hooholo o ka lōʻihi-e ku ana pāonioni ma. E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua, ma Moscow ma hope o Rzeczpospolita hōʻea.

Ka iwi o ka paio koe Hetman - i ka aina o ka Cossacks i loko o ka Ukraine. A puni ka aina, a hunaahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Ma hope o ke kūkā 'lengthy i ka 1686 i aka papapau pu Mau Loa maluhia. E like me ia mea, Poland ike no Rusia Kiev, ke holoʻokoʻa hema-Bank Ukraine, Zaporizhzhya, Chernigov, Starodub a me Smolensk. I mail, Moscow i uku 146 tausani rubles, a haawi mai la i ko lakou ae, e komo i loko o ka ami 'Eulopa kaua e ku e ia Tureke, a hooweliweli i ka Rzeczpospolita, mai ke kūkulu hema. Warsaw hoopaa iho la o Volhynia, a Galicia, e like me ke kumu i ka pono o kona Orthodox makaainana.

Crimean paipai aʻo kai eʻe

A kauoha no o mau loa Maluhia me Poland i ka hoʻolālā o Lūkini Crimean paipai aʻo kai eʻe e ku ei ka Ottoman aupuni a pau a me kona pio e ke Crimean Khan. Aia he mau paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Ua alakaʻi Vasily Golitsyn. Ka hoʻokohu 'ana i ke Aliʻi o ka Sofia kākoʻo Romanov. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka diplomat mea i ke Alii wahine loa e pono.

I ka 1687, i ka 100,000th Lūkini koa hele aku la ma ka hele ana. Crimean Tatars i ke ahi i ka hehi, nui complicate i ke ola ana o ka poe koa. E like me ka hopena, i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa Golitsyn luku. Eia naʻe, e hana ana ma ka akau pūhaka poe luna koa Gregory Kosagova Ochakov hopu ia, a pepe iho la ka Bugeac iā Goga.

Lua o Crimean kai eʻe, hoomaka ae la i ka 1689. Golitsyn hiki Perekop, akā, i lawe ia, a huli aʻela hoʻi au. Haku wehewehe i kana olelo hooholo, e hookaawale ia wai wī. E like me ka hopena, i ka Crimean Hikes i ole lawe mai i kekahi tangible pomaikai Rusia. Eia naʻe, ua māhuahua nō ka mea, Moscow ka prestige i loko o ka maka o WesternʻEulopa, e a Tureke i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoa paio, e olelo hooweliweli aku i ka maluhia a me ka noho pololei ana o ka pau ana o Christian noho maikai ana.

Aina e me China

Diplomacy Sophia hoopa aku i mau poo,ʻaʻole wale nō Europa, akā, i ka mamao hikina palena o ka aina. All XVII kenekulia Lūkini colonists (oi loa Cossacks) hahai i ka hikina, a ma hope ka mea, hiki i ka Pākē mokuna. No ka lōʻihi manawa pilina me ka qing aliʻi ua i hooponopono ia e kekahi palapala.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia ua i na aupuni elua formally like ma luna o lākou palena, no ka mea mau i kāna hana e lawelawe i loko o e pili mau. Lūkini, huli i kupono'āina mahiʻai, a noho i loko o ka Amur'āina, a i nui ka für. Naʻe, i kēia māhele 'āina i loko o ka ciia o ka aoao o ka qing aupuni a pau. Ke apogee o na hoopaapaa a me na colonists i hoomaka ai i ka pua ana Chinese Lūkini outpost Albazin i ka 1685.

No ka mea normalization o ka launa a me kona palena hoalauna ma ka māhū-Baikal māhele 'āina, e hoouna aku i ka olelo, a ua hoʻonohonoho' ia Sophia Alekseevna Romanov. Hopena o ke Alii wahine o ka Papa, ua ano laulā, 'oluʻolu, akā, i kēia Episode me China Ua lilo i kaʻawaʻawa loa mapuna i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka noho aliʻi. Qing i nohoaliʻi ai i ka hōʻailona o ka aelike mea loa disadvantageous no Moscow. Rusia Ua hoʻonele o kona Aole loa Hawaiian wahi, ke Amur māhele 'āina, e like me ka pā kaua Albazin. Ka mokuna me China i paʻa ma luna o nā kapa o ke Argun muliwai. Ka palapala i kakau inoa ia ma Nerchinsk Ua hoʻomaopopoʻia ia Nerchensky aelike. Kona hana ua pani wale i loko o ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia.

lilo ana o ka mana

I ka hoʻokumu mea o ka noho aliʻi o Sophia hiki ole e mau loa. Petero nui i nā, a ma neia hope aku i kona kaikuahine makemake i ka haawi ia ia i ka mana. Ka lua o ka hoahānau - Ivan nāwaliwali - ma muli naʻe o kona kūlana kiʻekiʻe kūlana kekahi aupuni kūʻokoʻa hoʻokani. E like me ka oihana o ka manawa, o Petero hope lilo i kanaka makua ma hope o kona lawe i ke kaikamahine a kekahi alii Evdokia Lopukhina. Eia naʻe, Sophia Alekseevna Romanova, he manawa pōkole Kawaihae a hōʻike mai iā ia e like me ka wahine mana-pōloli mea,ʻaʻole i loko o ka wikiwiki, e haawi aku i ka Hoʻohaku manao i kona kaikaina.

Ma wale i kekahi mau makahiki noho Alii puni oia me na kanaka pono. Koa alakai, a me ka helu o ka poʻe pana pua la ko lakou wahi, no ka Sophia, a kākoʻo wale ma kona kuleana. O Petero e, e noho ana ma ka suburban kauhale o hoopahaohaoia'na, a me kona mau pili me ka Kremlin lilo increasinglyʻenemi.

Ka mea wale nō mana i hiki ke hilinai aku maluna o ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto ua i kona amusing i ka poʻe hao wale. Ua hana mau regiments no kekahi mau makahiki. Ma mua, i ke alii wale no Kauikeaouli koa merrymaking, akā, i nā kona poe koa lilo i formidable pūʻali koa. Ma 'Aukake 1689 kākoʻo hai aku la o Petero i ka mea i hoomakaukau i ka hoouka. Ke kanaka opiopio i puʻuhonua, i loko o ka Trinity-Seregio hoailona. I nā mea ma kanawai a me diplomas, lanakila ma luna o nā musketeers, a me Sophia noho ma Moscow ma ka hoʻokaʻawale.

Life i loko o ka hoailona

Ma September 1689 kaikuahine i ke alii ka mea i hana hewa, a hoouna aku la i ka Novodevichy halepule. Loko o nā paia o ka cloister noho puni e kiai. I ka 1698 ma Moscow i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ke alii wāwahi strelets kipi. Ke kipi Ua uhi pū. I ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana i manao ai, o ka poe kipi i hele e noho ma luna o ka noho aliʻi Sophia. Kona pilina me kona kaikunane, a ua i mua kapa hoʻohanohano ma ka mehana, a me ka manawa o Petero, a me nā mea a pau i kauoha e mow kaikuahine Nuna. Sofya Romanova, Hawaii photo kiʻi i maopopo hōʻike i kona manaʻo nui i loko o ka hale paʻahao, make July 14, 1704 ma ka Novodevichy halepule.