Stalinization - he kaʻina hana o ka de-Stalinization ...

Stalinization - o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻopau o ideological a me ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana, ka mea i hoopaaia i ka noho alii ana o I. V. Stalina, me ka cult o ka nui o na alihi kaua o ka kanaka. Kēia manawa ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka Western moʻokalaleo, mai ka makahiki 1960 i ka. I kēia lā i ka 'atikala e nānā mākou i ke kaʻina hana o ka de-Stalinization (e like me ka mea i hapai ae la, a lawe mai ma Khrushchev), e like me kona hopena. Ma ka hopena, he hou puni o kēia kulekele i loko o ka Ukraine, a Rusia mākou hewa o ka lawehala.

Ka hoʻomaka o de-Stalinization

Ke hoopaapaa ma luna o kēia pukana ua i pio a hiki i kēia manawa. Kekahi kanaka noonoo i ka debunking o Stalin ka kanaka e e hoomau, oiai kekahi poe - kapaia he kulekele kuhihewa Khrushchev. Ia a pau, hoomaka ae la i ka 1953. Alakaʻi hoʻomäinoino make, a me ka mea, i ka mea kahiko kahua. I ka mana koke mai la i mau pahi oi, a kuleana Nikita Sergeevich Hruschev. He aohe hoʻonaʻauao, akā, ka mea, ua loa offset ma ke kahaha ko oukou naau pili aupuni pono. He hoʻomaka 'ia me ka lalo nā kūlana hana ma ka aoao, a hiki wawe ka Ike maopopo hou LIKE. I ka makahiki 1956, ma ka XX Ahaolelo Lahui o ka CPSU, ka mea i hooholoia e debunk i ka hoomana makapo o ko Stalin ka kanaka. E like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo M. Gefter, ia'ku i ka? Eia ola i mua o ka make ana o ka alihi kaua. Manaoio ma Stalin ka clairvoyance i ke olonā wāwae ma ka make kaumaha i loko o ka Apana World War. I ka manawa mua i ke kanaka cult i pili me ka Beria. Akā, i nā mea i lilo ai kūhelu de-Stalinization lehulehu.

"Hana moʻolelo" Khrushchev

XX Ahaolelo Lahui o ka CPSU i ka 1436 ho'ākoakoa aʻelaʻelele. He Ua kapaia no ewalu mahina ma mua o ka lā palena pau no ka mea, o ka mea ka manaʻo pono, e hooponopono hou i nā kumu kāki ma hope o ka make ana o Stalin. A ka mea i pau ai i ka ai-kapaia "malu hoike" Khrushchev. Kākauʻana i hāʻawiʻia i ka ike i loaa mai ia e ka luna Pospelov no repression. E like me ia Khrushchev, 70% o nā moho no ke Komite Central koho ma ka XVII Ahaolelo, he pana. Eia naʻe, Khrushchev Hoopaa loa ia de-Stalinization - kēia mea,ʻaʻole i ka make ana o na kumu o ka Socialist ke kaiāulu, a me ka hoʻopau o nā palapala cult. Industrialization, collectivization a uaua kaua me ka kū'ē koa i manaoia he pono milestones i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Soviet Union like me ka moku'āina ikaika. Ke repression Ua kauoha kino e Stalin a me kona mau henchmen. Khrushchev i ike i na kêia kanaka o na pilikia i moe i loko o ke kanaka o ke alakaʻi, akā, i loko o ke kahua wale.

Hopena no ka aina

"Hana hoike" Khrushchev i ole paʻi a Ua heluhelu wale i halawai o ka aoao poe hana me ka kūpono manaʻo. Stalin i ole hoohewahewa loa ka hewa. I loko nō o kona noho aliʻi, maoli socialism "i ke ano o ka ole hoʻololi". Society ua nō e neʻe ana ma ke ala pono, i mea, i Communism. Noke Aey? Acaeoey i hai mai 'elele i ke aloha i na hana o ka Communist Party alakaʻi. No laila, ka mea i aneane wehe 'ia mai ke kuleana o Stalin mau kākoʻo. Ka mea, i noho i loko o ke kī kulana. I mau, ka "malu hoike" Khrushchev:

• He Ua loli i kaʻike manaʻo o ka Soviet kanaka;
• Wāwahi ke ao nei Communist neʻeʻana;
• ua hoike no ka nawaliwali o ka USSR i ke Komohana.

Stalinization: i ka wā mai nâ makahiki 1953 a hiki i 1964god

Ma ka malu o kekahi mau kino i ka i ka mea hou kulekele. Ua hoomaka kaʻoi Akä naÿe ma waena o ka Soviet Union a me ke Komohana. E ka hoʻomaka mai ke kinohi. I ka 1953, Stalin make. Over ka aʻe makahiki ua mau kamaʻilio nui ma na olelo o ka aoao alakaʻi i kona inoa a me ke kiʻi. Ma hope o ka "malu hoike" i hoomaka ai i ka oihana kuwaho o de-Stalinization. Eia naʻe, i loko o ke kaiāulu, aia ua he a pau huahelu o kekahi mau manao o ka mea kahiko Kuhina-Nui. Ke discrediting o Stalin ka kanaka e like me ka hōʻailona o ka au spawned ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho kaua. He nui na mai i maopopo ke kumu Khrushchev hoomaka ae la e lakou leo i ko lakou manao e pili ana i ka hoomaau wale ma hope o ka make ana o ka alihi kaua nui. Ma ke kahua mua o ke de-Stalinization - ia mea kuhikuhi i ke kaawale ana o ke ana nenoaiu. Ke republican'ōnaehana Ua haawiia mai i oi aku mamua o 10 tausani hana. E like me ke Kanawai i ka 1957 i hana nui ma mua o ke kenekulia o oicyenoaaiiie wahi me ka like hooponopono kino - aneiai aha hookolokolo. Decentralization maikaʻi kēia lākiō i ke kēia i loko o kūloko i hāpai '. Noke - hoemiʻanoʻenehana holomua. Ke Soviet'ōnaehana ka liu o ka hiki e noʻonoʻo i ke dala no ka ulu ana. decentralization ihu lua i ka 1961.

XXII Ahaolelo Lahui o ka CPSU

Ke aumoe, October 31, 1961 Red Square i cordoned aku. People Ua kūkala e paa ana i kekahi keaka ma no ka parade ma 7 November. Akā, ma ka mea, hoʻokō i ka olelo hooholo o ka XXII Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Communist Party o ka Soviet Union. O, ka mea, ua pono ia e Stalin mai o ka Ilina o. Ua noa i ike i kekahi hana ke alakai i ka unrest. No ka nui loa o de-Stalinization - kēia mea pono i ka hanana. Mawaena o ka eha ma ka naau, ua i ou wahi lihi iki o ke koa. Local kaiaulu hoomaka ae la e auʻa wale oki kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka alihi kaua nui. Na kanaka oʻApelila ia i Khrushchev noa ai i ka lewa i loko o ka Ilina o ae i Lenin no lakou iho. I ka 1961, na kulanakauhale he nui i Kapa hou i ke.

i Ukraine

Stalinization - he kulekele e me ka nui loa i alakaʻi ai i ke kahua ma ka Ukrainian SSR. I loko o kēia wā, ka mea, ua hele aku moho e ku ei ka nationalist e hoʻolaha i ka meheu o ke kaʻina hana o Russification a me ka māhuahua kūlana o ka Ukrainian ololi i loko o nā mea a pau spheres. A hiki i ke kia o ka mua kakauolelo o ka Communist Party Central Komite kohoia Kirichenko. hoomaka Managerial kulana e lawe aa Ukrainians. I ka makahiki 1954 i ka USSR i hoolilo ai i Crimea. Keia olelo hooholo i kūpaʻa ma ia kenekoa koke, a me ka pāʻoihana kaiāulu. Ka pilikia i ka lāhui haku mele 'ana o ka heluna kanaka. Ukrainians hoike no ka wale 13,7%. I ka maikaʻi minute o de-Stalinization kaʻina i ke anoe o ka pono o ka Union republics. Eia naʻe, ma na aoao he nui ka mea, ua lawe hou hakakā ma ka kaiāulu.