T-64BM "Bulat-" (pahu) - modernization hope T-64

Mōʻaukala o ka Soviet pahu hana ike he nui na hihia i ka wa a ka mīkini kuu mai i kekahi mau makahiki aku nei, nō koe nō i pili i kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kahua kaua. 'Aʻole me modernization, o ka papa. Kekahi laʻana - "Bulat". Kēia pahu Ua loaʻa ka Kharkov mea kanu a me ka ho he modernization o ke kahiko kaʻa T-64A.

, hoʻokomo

It E e kaulana i keia pahu i hoʻokahi manawa i kekahi o ka loa i olelo mua iaʻi Aey? Acaeoey o Soviet hana. I ka moolelo o kona hanaia'na nā lā hoʻi i ka 60s, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Kharkov Design Buro. Mai ka waena o nā mea a pau i ka ia 60-ies la oia i hoouna mai ai ma luna o ka mea hoʻoili kāʻei, ma ka hou kaʻa hoʻomaka nuipa a-paka a me ka poʻina nalu T-64, T-62 a me T-55. Official aponoia ai pela iloko wale i ka makahiki 1969, a me ka mua o nā mea a pau i pau ka mea waiwai kapa kila mahele ana, Aia ma luna o ka komohana outskirts o ka aina.

Mōʻaukala o T-64A

He nani, e olelo aku i ka palapala manaʻo o ka helehelena o ua machines i hele mai, mai poʻe akamai, a hiki hoʻi i 1946. Kēia manaʻo ua paipaiʻia lākou e hoʻomaka hana ma o ka hoʻokumu o ka fundamentally hou kakolina diesel engine (i loko o ka USSR ua mau pilikia). Soon kaulana ma ka puka koʻikoʻi a hanohano KB №75 pau i kona hanaia'na. Ua aneane koke mākou i hoomaka ai ka hana ma luna o ka pahu ia iho, a no ka lōʻihi manawa hanau mai ka hoopai karaima inoa o "e hoopii mai ai 430".

Post-Soviet moʻolelo

"Shestdesyatchetverka" hoomaka hua mai la i ka mea kanu Malyshev 1963 (Kharkov pahu hola). Hoopuka ana i ka hapaha o ke kenekulia, a ma ia manawa i ke anaina kanaka laina i ke huki ma kahi o 5500 o kēia mau machines, a i ua mua no kona manawa.

Koke ma hope o ka'opi o ka USSR Kharkov pahu hola ua wikiwiki e hopu i ke ku okoa ana o Ukraine (me nā mea a pau nā mīkini home, ua uku). 'Aʻole surprisingly, ka "haole" T-64 koke oki, e pono i ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua, akā, no ka mea, i ke koena o ka aina o ka Lūkini poʻina nalu koke "retrained" i loko o ka aʻo o ka mīkini ma luna a me nā haumāna hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka loa unbelievable kino ua wale i hoomaunauna aku ai i ko lakou waiwai.

KŘpa nei (ma 2011) Ua puka mai ka olelo aʻo, e hoouna aku i poʻina nalu i ka i koe a hiki i ka hoʻoheheʻeʻia. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i kaʻikena mea, ua mālama lākou i kēia mea uuku au mamuli o maikai hakahaka: hiki ole i kaʻikena Ukrainian Aupuni hoopii Rusia o ka hoolako mau poʻina nalu Donbass. Kauoha aku ka mea, i ole.

Mai ka holoʻokoʻa papahana hōkeoʻikepili ua noho ma ka lima o ka hoʻomalu mai Ukraine, ua hoʻoholo ihola ka mea,ʻaʻole e luku i ka poʻe a ka hopena. Ua Ua hooholoia e hoʻomaka ka hoʻouluʻana kahiko lako a me ka mea hoʻonoho o nā mea kaua kŘpa a hou kekahi, hoʻomakākiu lako a pan a me na mea e ae. Ma lalo o ka hao inoa T-64E mīkini kaila (albeit ma ka liʻiliʻi batches) ua lako i loko o ka moku'āina e like me South Sudan a me Somalia, ka mea wale mai i ke kālā no ka maʻamau, laekahi kapa kila kaa.

No laila, ma kahi i hana ai i ka ia "Bulat"? Ka pahu o ka hou 'ana o kēia kahiko laina.

Modernization o T 64E

Ua koke ihola i nā wahi lulu koa o Ukraine urgently pono maʻamau poʻina nalu. Ke kahua i kekahi stalemate: e like Kharkov o ka pāpale aliʻi apo o nā pahu? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka USSR, i ka i kūʻai liloʻia aku e kohu kūpono kaa a pau no ka lōʻihi manawa, akā, mai ka "canned" T-80 a me T-72 ua wale i kekahi manawa i ka hihia. Ma pōkole, pono mākou hou, "Ukrainian" poʻina nalu.

O ka holo ana, i pinned nui o ka manao ma ke kalaka nui-mythical (no lakou iho Ukrainians) "Ka Nohona", i ka pono ma kaʻapu mau poʻina nalu i koe ole hou aku he umi, a me kā lākou waiwai mea ia ia ka helu pono ia ana ma luna o ka hana mau ia saturation o "kuokoa" koa i kēiaʻano hana i meaningless. Akā, i kēia mau machines lakou ke hooluolu i nā moʻohelu kālā o kaʻaila i loko o ka UAE, a no ia pane loa ikaika.

Ua loaʻa kŘpa koke i ka pāʻoihana. Ma aee koe wahie lapuwale T-64. It wale koe i "hoʻohewa" ia ia 5TDFE hou engine, nona ka mana o ka loa kohu kūpono 900 nā lika. i kekahi. Oddly lawa, akā, he hou pahu 'Aʻohe kanaka i hiki ke ike i ka hana a pau Ukrainians paa i ka mahuka. Wale i kekahi mau makahiki aku nei, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e 'Imi haʻi'ē aku i loko o ka Media,ʻo ia e hoʻokele i ka "malamalama mai" a hiki i ka' ihiʻihi i na mea kaua exhibition i loko o ka UAE.

I rula, o ka pahu mua ua hōʻike ai i ka lehulehu i loko o ka makahiki 1999, wale (ma kaʻeleu lono) ka mea, ua he lapuwale-i ma ka kahua loa kaumaha o ka mākaukau, a me ke kaʻa i ole kali no ka mea Ukrainian kaua. Pahu koa o kēia moku'āina i ka manawa i hana wale nō ke mai i ka i koe iho o nā lāʻau kūpeʻe o T-72 a me T-80U.

Aha i loli i loko o ka pahu?

It E e hoʻomaopopo i nā hualoaʻa anei e hiki a hiki i ka maka kapa ole. Pahu hou nana e like me ka kea laa, mai o ka Apana World War, lilo iho la oia e like me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kaua mīkini. Ma ka hinu hauna o ka pahu kōā kaulike māhele hōʻeuʻeu maluhia, ka frontal hapa o na kanaka ui loa, a reliably. E ka nānā i ka papa kuhikuhi hou hiʻona:

• Nāʻaoʻao o ke kaʻa paa hou mai la ka maluhia o ka mokuna "huhui 2". No ka mea momona aʻaoʻao pale o ka ili ka mea, e hana me ka huinahalike paha huinahń loa.
• Elua ano o ka "ʻano" - "ke kōmi '2" a me "Contact-1" - rationally haawi ma ka ili o ke kapa kila, hoakoakoa ae la no ka "puka olu oia" noaia poe noonoo ole a me ka nike. I ka papa kuhikuhiE lanakila ana o keia hana o ka mea hoʻonoho ka loa Lightweight kapa kila hoomalu ana o ka mīkini.
• kekahi fundamentally hoʻololi i ka mall ke keʻena o ka hale kiai, i mea oi loa hiki ma kaʻaoʻao nānaina. Ukrainian aoao Aʻole ole nae e pili ana i kēia manawa, akā, poe akamai i paipai i ka hale kiai, ua kau ka hou pahu no ammunition.

A aha hou aʻe ka mea, ua wehewehe aku ma ka pahu ma ke kumu o i ka mea i hana "Bulat"? Ka pahu, e like me mākou i olelo mua, ua lako pono me ka nui hou Ka Uluwehi O Ke kani o ka kilo. No ka mea manawa mua i loko o keia papa o ka poʻina naluʻikeʻia laulā maka me thermal imager, a nui maoli ka manawa o ke ola i loko o ka pahu kaua.

No laila, e like me ka wahi no kona mea hoʻonoho e koho maoli maikai, ua hiki ke olelo me ka wiwo ole i ka upgrade i hana ka noonoo e. Ma mau, a pau Ukrainian poʻina nalu OAOOUIEeE he aho paha, wale i ka manaʻo o nā papahana pinepine poino. IeAUPIIe, IAa IO keia mea aie a hiki i ka haʻahaʻa ka pono o ka hoʻohana kapa kila kila, a me ka nele o ka hoao ana i ka hoʻomalu o ke kahiko Soviet kula.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE armament o ka pahu

I ka papa kuhikuhiE armament o ka pahu pū caliber 125 mm o. Eia hou, i ka mīkini ua lele koke ka hakakā mau modules: ka mea, he poe mokulele 'akomi pūkuniahi GS-23 (30 mm) ka pū NSVT caliber 12,7 mm o, a me Ah-17 akomi grenade launcher.

Mau modules i mākaukau mana i loko o hoʻokiwikā hana kūpono, kahiʻike mau Soviet poʻina nalu i mea maʻa mau kaumaha pōʻino mai Anati-pahu mea kaua. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i mākaukau mana i ka countering ka malamalama kapa kila kaa o kaʻenemi,ʻaʻole e pana aku au i loko o makehewa hele 'ana o ka makua munition.

I mau, ka hana, lawe mai ua io kilakila. Akā, i kēia mea - i "Bulat". I ka pahu, a koho i ka inoa, o ka hou 'ana a me ka aaioee pono i ho'ākāka' ia ka hoʻololi 'ana i ka mea kahiko mīkini. No laila mākou hope ae iho ilalo i ka hōʻike o ka pololei "meʻe" o keia Haawina.

No laila, i mea "Bulat"?

No laila, ka mea hou Ukrainian pahu mea he "kulou malie rethinking" machines T-64A a me T-64B (a me nā hoʻololi 'ia). Ke AIM o ka modernization ua e lawe mai i ka hou kaʻa pono mai ai i ke kiʻekiʻe o T-80UD, T-84U. E like me mākou i haiia ae maluna,, "mua helehelena" iloko i ka makahiki 1999.

A pau modernization ua e deepen i ka hana i loko o ekolu mau mea:

• A nui mahuahua ana i loko o ka hoʻoneʻe (hou powerplant).
• E hooikaika ana i ka malu, a me ia mai ka oi a emi laekahi 'Anati-pahu nenoai.
• Mahuahua ka firepower a me ka hakakā ka mana ma ka mea hoʻonoho o hou mea kaua nenoai.

mana kanu

He Logical i ka mea e hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka engine pahu ua waiho loa hou kakolina diesel engine. Like o ka hihia a me kona hoʻokomo, i wae mai i kēia kūlana 5TDFM Hawaii, nona ka mana o 850 horsepower. Ma rula, ua hou ulu Ua kahiko kakolina diesel 5TDF no a na nā kānakaʻenehana hana.

Mea i loko o ka mea kahiko engine pahu kupono i ka hou 5TDFM, ia ia i ole wale loa e puku i ke kahiko a me ka inefficient ea wahine holoi, akā, i rework i ka'ōnaehana a no ka maluhiluhi, a no hoi, aole e hālāwai me kekahiʻiʻo nō o kēia e pono ai. I Ukrainian pahu "Bulat" (Once hou, hana ma ka kumu o ka mea kahiko T-64) i i luku aku i ke alanui a me ka monstrously, e like kona, hoʻokomo, ma Kharkov,? Ac? Kūikawā nā pale poʻohiwi ma meheu papahana no ka hooikaika a hele aku lehulehu alanui.

Hehe, ma hope o ka anoaeuoiauo alanui kaa ana o ke kolamu, a i lako pono i ka manaʻo, eʻaʻole huli i loko o ka pahu ma lalo o ka laulā. Na lanakila ana o ia i ke ano o ka mea i ka mea, i koi 'ia kekahi hou ka hoʻololi' ana i ka paka i ka hapanui enuhe. Ka laholio nā pale poʻohiwi a me fasteners kanu (supposedly) e hoopakele kaawale, ma ka noi.

I mau, Ukrainian poʻina nalu, "Bulat" a me ka "aku ai" ma kona pae'ōnaehana hope ua pu ma ka Hookah, i ke kumu i kekahi mahalo.

Hoomalu mai Anati-pahu mea kaua

E hoopaakiki ana ua loaʻa ma ka hāpai hou eiiieaenu hōʻeuʻeu hoomalu ana o ka hale kiai, a me ka mea mahopeʻaoʻao o ka pahu. Ka Hookah mau moʻolelo i ka mea, ua hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka kumupaʻa o ka mea o ka hunāhunā a hiki i ka hopena o ka lōʻihi o munitions (Afb), e like me iiaciiie-caliber kapa kila-hou leho (BPS). Ma keia hihia, ke kākauʻana mea ma luna o ka mea e ua mahuahua wale iki i ke kaumaha o ka pahu.

Hoomalu kini puʻe wale he a mau hookaawale modules: OE kapa kila bila a me na hōʻeuʻeu palekana nenoaiu. Mawaho hōʻeuʻeu pale hōʻike frontal Module a me ka pale i i luna a puni ke anapuni o ka hinu hauna. Ma ka hale o ka hale kiaʻi, a ma kekahi keʻena wahi hoakoakoa māhele pauku e hiki ke loli koke i loko o ka hanana o ko lākou ole. Oihana mua o na hōʻeuʻeu palekana 'ana i kūpono ka hōʻoi' ka ia'ku i ka Anati-o ia hoʻi, a hiki loa aku.

Ka lōʻihi o ke kaupaonaʻana o ka piha 'ia paha o hōʻeuʻeu hoopakele (a me ka paa mea) mea e pili ana i 3.5 na tona. Wale kekahi pahu moku, a ma luna o kona iho, e hiki ke hana i ka mea hoʻonoho o ka hola 5.5-6 hola. Kukulu-i hōʻeuʻeu 'ohana ka palekana i ka ua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka pahu Hookah,' aʻole e pono i kekahi keu malama i ka hana. Penei, He maikai ka'ōnaehana o ka hoomaluhia mai Kharkov Manufacturers no ka mea, aole ia e pono Uluwehi O na mea paahana, a no ka mea hoʻonoho a me ka hana o ka lahui palapala hōʻoia no hoʻomalu.

Akā, i ka ole a pau. No ke aha la, e like me ka rula, o ka pahu koke pepehi ka wā o kona pio antitank mea kaua i (paha) hoʻohana infantry o kaʻenemi? Mai ke ahi a me ka wela. E hoomalu aku i kanaka a me ka hoʻoikaika i ko lākou hiki wale mai o ke ola, ua hoomakaukau Ukrainian pahu e uhau ana i ka 'akomi ahi pioʻana'ōnaehana, i ka pane manawa o ka a (ma hope o kekahi mau hana' enekinia, ka hoʻololi 'ana), ua hoemi ia i ka 150 msec.

modernization hualoaʻa

Pela ka mea o ka T-64 "Bulat"? E like me ka'ōlelo iho, Ukrainian nā hoʻohua (i loaa mai i ka oi o ka modesty), oia "Ua kokoke'ālike i ka Lūkini pahu T-90" a me ka "like ma ka hana a me ka polokalamu" pakaua "."

Ae, i ka mīkini he maikai ka manaʻolana 'ia no ka hoʻouluʻana hou, o ka oi aku i loko o ka hoʻomaikaʻi propulsion engine ma ka piʻiʻana 6TD 6TD-1 paha-2. Hiki loa hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka mea makau, e kau fundamentally okoa SLAs, hoʻokele a me ka launa pu lako a pan. Eia hou, i ka mīkini ma hope o ka hoʻouluʻana i ka puke kokoke i 11 tausani kilomika (no ka hou pahu).

Inā mākou i ae i ka pathos, a pau mea ole pela rosy. Ae, kona ano modernized T-64 hiki maoli ke hoohalikeia ai i ka T-72 kakahiaka moʻo. ʻO ia wale pehea ia e "oi" He fundamentally okoa T-90 a me ka hou wale nō o ka T-72, mea,ʻaʻole loa maopopo.

Ma rula, ka mea, 'aʻole i maikaʻi ano. Ke'ī mai, ma o ka hana o ka huila alanui a me nā kaʻa wahi a T-72 ua hoʻohana 'ia ma luna o ke tona ferrous oka a pau, no ka mea hoi no ka T-64 e ole i oi aku mamua o 200 kilograms. Alaila, keia mea dramatically ho'ēmi i kā ka lilo o ke kaua mīkini, akā, ike loea "hodovka" e loaa ana.

Ka mea wale nō mea i ka T-64 Ua maoli maikaʻi, e ka maintainability kaʻa. A laila, i ka hope hailona o nīnau mai ka poe akamai i (hou manaʻo o ka mea ole-ferrous metala oka a). Ka mea i ka German aupuni Lepupalika (a hele aku la ma ka hapanui o kēia mau poʻina nalu) kaa i Ua koi ana lehulehu o ka Wear alahao a me ka leialii. At T-64 loa pinepine lele enuhe, pinepine ka mea, ua pu e kaumaha nā palapū a me nā palapū i ka poʻe a pau i loko o ka wahi o ka pahu.

A ia mea he "hana" e nānā Ukrainians māmala'ōlelo no ka pono o ko lakou mau "pono laekahi 'pahu"ʻaneʻane, aole e oi aku i ka Pelekania "Challenger" a me ka Kelemānia "Leopard 2" - a oi pakahi aku la ia ridiculous i loko o ka malamalama o ka mea i ke kaʻa Pelekāne Ua objectively ike me ka mea maikaʻi loa pahu oiai NATO ana ma Iraq. Ua makemake e hana wale i ka olelo aku, "Bulat" hiki e kaua wale nō ma ka Donbas, kahi i piha mua o Photos of hanaʻino akula hi ka mea ulana pukapuka, a puhi aku Ukrainian. He aha ka mea, no laila, pono?

Apparently, kona cheapness: o ka lilo o ka hoʻouluʻana i kahiko T-64 (e like me ka mau-ekolu makahiki aku nei) mea e pili ana 400 tausani dala, oiai no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o "Ka Nohona" pono ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 1.5 miliona.

Ka Ikepili o ka hewa

Ka mea ulana pukapuka, i keia la i ka helu ana o "Songs", i nā mea laʻa a hiki i ka "hou" pahu i makemake makemake e hoʻolālā i kekahi minute o ke objectivity, e ka kamailio e pili ana i kona hewa.

Mua, ke kaupaona a me ka engine mana. "Bulat" kaupaona 45 tons ka wā o ka engine mana o 850 L / s. "OOAOAaXUEIE a ineffective Lūkini pahu T-72" i ke kaupaona ana o 44,5 tons, a me ka engine, nona ka 'auhau o 1000 L / s. He aha ka mea he "oi ka hoʻoneʻe" (palapala Kharkov kanu)ʻaneʻi hiki mākou'ōlelo? Ma ka T-72, ina pono, e hiki ke kau i ka mau o na tona o ka kapa kila, oiai o ka T-64 No keia mea, e loaa ia e hoʻololi i ka engine.

A eia ka i ka "crux o ka mea." ʻO loko o ka "pali" 70s ho'āʻo he hou 'ana o T-64 ma ka mea hoʻonoho o ka Hawaii ma 1000 L / s. Ka pilikia ua i ke kaʻa o ka mea kahiko mīkini hiki ole ke ku ia e ho'āʻo ai, e hoʻomaka ana literally popopo ma ka hele. No ka mea, o keia, ma ka 1987 i ka Soviet alakaʻi i eia haalele i ka hou kūpono 'ana o ke T-64.

Ka pū. Pahu "Bulat", ke ano o ka a mākou i ike, o ka kükohu ua lako pono me ka KBA3 (maʻamau 2A46M-1). Ka Hookah kuleana i ka mea, o "ka maikaʻi pū T-72 a me T-90." I kahaha no mea hiki e maikaʻi? Ma Lūkini poʻina nalu hoʻouka kekahi pu 2A24M-4 / M-5, i haawi 17% emi lakou hoopuehu ka wā ae hoʻolele ana i ka oni ana a me ka hoʻolako i ka hana hou ana o 15-20% ma ka pololei (e like me ka manawa ma ka e like me ka mea kahiko 2A46M-1). Paradoxically, i ole ia.

Like no ka mea maoli pana huahelu, a laila, i kēia mea a pau i ka oi hana hoihoi. E hoopono ana ma ka luna, e like nō me ka Soviets, ka "Ukrainian" maoli pu hoʻolako i ka laulā o hitting i ka pale o 1.5 ei (i no ia mau manawa ua ke kūmau). Ka "tagiltsev" e like me keia kumukuai mea like i 2.3-2.5 ei. A me kahi o ka "holomua"? Hou ia mea i maopopo.

Like no ka mea OE, a kū'ē kapa kila, 'aneʻi i ka moʻolelo ma nā mea a pau vague. A hookahi (!) High-kaha moku'āina ho'āʻo ma "Bulat" a pau o keia "kino kini puʻe wale" i ole kekahi. Allʻikepili - wale nō, mai kūhelu kumu Kharkov. He oiaio, ua alakaʻi i ka ia manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē, a kūwaho hoʻi nā mea kūʻai mai: ka mea, e hoihoi i loko o ka T-72, T-80, T-90, a me ka ia "Ka Nohona", akā, no kekahi kumu ka mea, loa uninteresting "Bulat".

Ma muli o ka keia, ua hiki ke kikoo aku i kekahi mea ka hopena. Kharkiv hoʻololi 'maopopo leʻa hoonui ae i na mea e like ai ano o ka mea kahiko T-64, akā, ka mea, o kona superweapon uaʻaʻole pono huli. Modernization o lawa maikaʻi-quality, me na pono o ka mea kēia Ukrainian poe koa, i ka mea i haoʻia ka maʻamau hoʻolako 'ia o. Aka, mana mai i hiki: ke kaʻa o ka '60s, e like me ka hou engine a me ka hōʻeuʻeu maluhia, ka laekahi pahu mea,ʻaʻole kaulike.