Tolstoy ka puke. Noho 'ana kamaliʻi hoʻonaʻauao kupu makakū kākau moʻolelo

Tolstoy ka puke ike i kekahi kanaka ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i puni ka honua. Leo mea paha ka loa kaulana Lūkini mea kākau a me ka thinker. Kaʻewalu-kana hana "Kaua a me ka maluhia" ma kekahi terrifies kekahi o ko lakou ano iho, ae mahalo i ka hohonu o ke au mamuli. Akā, i kēia mea maopopo leʻa ka Classic i rightfully pili ana i nā mea a pau i ka honua piko o ka maikaʻi hana. ʻO ka wā o ka mānoanoa buke o ke ola ua i aku la ia ia i ike haku o Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Kana hana i alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana o ka realism like me ka neʻeʻana, e like me ka Europa humanism.

Kamalii mai, a Education

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy mea he 'elele o ka' ohana o nā noblemen kahiko. Ka mea, i hele mai, mai ka ÷ ino Petra Velikogo. Leo Tolstoy Ua hanau ia ma 1828 ma ka waiwai o ka Crown ma ka maternal laina - Yasnaya Polyana. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o na makua o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' wā e hiki mai ana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, a me kona poʻe hoahānau initially i ka mamao pili Yergolsky, a laila, ke kaikuwahine o kona makua kāne, Osten-Sacken. He ma hope ma Kazan opiopio Loew mua manaʻo e pili ana i ka pono a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono-ano pono'ī. All wā e hiki mai na buke Tolstoy e pono noonoo i kēia theme like. Initially e ao ana Lva Tolstogo i kono German Roselman. He ua maikaʻi-? Noaaiiiai i a me ka loa leʻaleʻa o ke keiki. Ma ka moʻolelo, i i kākauʻia laila Tolstoy ( "noho 'ana kamaliʻi"),ʻo ia i kākauʻia i kona kumu ma mua i loko o ka palapala o Karl Ivanovich. Ma hope o ke keiki i komo i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao Roselmana Farani Saint-Thomas (Saint Jerome o "Boyhood"). Like me kona poe hoahanau ekolu, Tolstoy aʻo ma ke Kulanui o Kazan. Ka makahiki mua ia i aneane i ole hana 'epekema, a me wale i ka mea mua i hoihoi i loko o nā hana o Montesquieu.

Ka mua ka palapala, ai mea nani

I ka 1847, oiai, ua malamaia lakou nei, ma ka haukapila, hoomaka ae la Leo Tolstoy e malama i ka diary. He iʻAʻole pau i kēia hana a hiki i ka hopena o ke ola. Ma ka mea,ʻo ia, e like me ka Beniamina Franklin hoonoho iho pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu no ka pakiko-kūpono 'ana, hoʻomaopopo i nā successes a me ka hoʻolako' ole ', e kālailai i ko lakou mau manao a me ka hana. He ike ole hoi i ka University. Pani i ka kāleka poho ma Moscow puʻe wale Leo, e hui i ka hana koa. I ka halaʻana o ka hōʻike, i ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo komo aku la i kekahi cadet ma Starogladovskaya Cossack kauhale. Mai laila aku, hele mua i ka Hoʻoponopono papa o ka puke pai "Contemporary" i kana hana mua - autobiographical puke "noho 'ana kamaliʻi". Inā ka mea, ua lohe ole ai mamua, alaila loa paha, aole loa ia i hele mai i na buke o Tolstoy a hiki i ka malamalama. He komo i loko o nā kaua liʻiliʻi me na mountaineers, a laila, ma ka hoomalu ana o Sevastopol. I ka 1965, Tolstoy haʻalele koa hana. He palapala iho "Kaua, a noho mälie '" a me "Anna Karenina." Most Tolstoy ua hoihoi i loko o ka ulu, i ka manawa kūpono o kona pono oo.

"He Kane Hewa '"

E hana i ka hana kaulana loa o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i mua e hana ana ma ka puke "Ka Decembrists". Ia ia, oia hoi na manawa he nui ma kona ola, akā, aole pau. Like a pau nā puke o Tolstoy ka "Kaua, a noho mälie '" - he puke e pili ana i ka pono ka ulu ana o ke kanaka. He He kū hoʻokahi kŰia ma ka honua moʻokalaleo. Ua Ua hoʻomano poe a pau strata o Lūkini hui, heʻano o nā huapalapala a me nā ao ma luna o ka kāʻei kua o ka Napoleonic kaua i loko o 1805-1812, niioaaonoaaiii. "He Kane Hewa '" - ke keiki punahele o ka mea kākau moʻolelo, i kona lei o ka honua nei. Ma keia hana i loko o kona olelo e lilo lewa i ke ano akamai o Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo. Ke trailer mua o ka multivolume puke i paʻiʻia ma ka puke pai "Russian Gazette" i ka makahiki 1865, i kekahi manawa, i loa ikaika loaa. Ma keia nui-unahiʻole, i hana pono lewa i ke akeakamai o Tolstoy: "Cool mōʻaukala Ke Kai - keia mea,ʻaʻole he mea o kekahi kanaka i ka lima, a me ka hopena o ka lōkahi no."

"Anna Karenina"

Tolstoy koke ae hōʻike i ka "Kaua a me ka maluhia" me "he puke o ka hala." "Anna Karenina" Ua mua hapai ae like me ka huina hoonui o ka mea kākau o kēia ola. A ma laila nō i mōʻaukala hanana. Akā, e hōʻike i ka maoli kanaka uhane a me kona ulu ana. Ma kēia puke, aohe mea nana e ń. A pau nā kūlanaʻelua ma ka ia wahi i hoomaka ai,ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka Railroad. A hiki ma ke ala a hiki i Moscow no ka hoolaulea aku ai me kona kaikaina, Anna aoiaʻi oe i ka pili ana i helu Vronsky. I kona hoalauna ma ka coupe o kona makuwahine. A pau eha o ia i loaʻa ma luna o ka anuu, a loaʻa ia ma lalo o ka huila o ka huakaʻi pepehi i ke kiaʻi. Keia "ino hōʻailona" ke aoʻana e pili ana i ka imminent ka make ana o ka 'ohana. Ka lono kaumaha ke aloha o kekahi i mare Karenina a me Vronsky ua Akä naÿe no me ka hauʻoli ohana ola Katie Shtcherbatskaya, a kokoke i na kanaka Konstantina Lovina. ka puke i ka 1875 i "Russian Gazette" Ua paʻi mua.

Tolstoy ka hana i 'ike nui ole wale i loko o ka lāʻau kū-Soviet'āina, akā, i nā hualoaʻa a. Reread ia me ke aloha, a ua haohao kēlā manawa i kekahi mea hou, hoʻokahi liʻiliʻi au mamuli, i hoʻololi ai i ka pulakaumaka, a haawi i kekahi manaʻo e loaʻa. Nolaila, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy - he ano akamai o Lūkini moʻokalaleo kona puke e pili i nā manawa.