Ua wehewehe'ia ka ma'i o nā māmā: nā hō'ailona a me ka mālama'ana

Loa kaʻawaʻawa loa a me ka make maʻi tuberculosis ole ma ka Honua millennia, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma lehulehu hulikoehana hanaʻeliʻana a me nā palapala mōʻaukala. I keia la o ka honua i na makahiki ia i ka poʻe kaua o ka luahi a ma kahi o 10 miliona kanaka, 25% o ka mea make.

Ka loa kaʻawaʻawa ano o ka maʻi - pulmonary tuberculosis hoʻolaha, a 'o ia hoʻi multifocal, "ninini mai" ma luna o nā mea a pau maʻalahi. E koho i ka maʻiʻaʻai ka loa oluolu, e like me ke ala o kona EYI extraordinarily na mea, a me nā symptoms ma ke kakahiaka nui kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i Kokokeʻike makaʻole. I mea, o ka pilikia o ka aoao hana kela mea keia mea o mākou ua waiho kokoke ana i kēlā lā, akā, mea pōmaikaʻi,ʻaʻole na kino, ua hiki ke ulu tuberculosis. Inā 'oe nō i kaʻike, weliweli, hana ole o ka manao, no ka mea, e' epekema ua hehi ai a hiki i ka loa hoola i hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis me ke kūʻokoʻa. Ia, aole ia e pono ke hilahila aku mai oaeouee ka nānā 'ana a me ka noho scrupulously ma ka hana maikaʻi TB hoʻomalu. I mai la lakou e ike i ka ikaika a me ka nawaliwali o kaʻenemi - i ka 50% lanakila. No laila, e kaʻike i ia mea tuberculosis, wahi i hele mai, a pehea e kaua ia.

tubercle bacillus

Hoʻolaha tuberculosis o na maʻiʻaʻai, kena ae la ia e microscopic meaola, kapa mycobacteria. Lakou nei ma keia Honua no miliona o ka makahiki, akā, i wale loaa ma 1882 ma ka lapaau a me nä känaka 'epekema Koch, i loko o kona hanohano, a kapa ia ai - ka Koch bacillus. All pathogenic mycobacteria (abbreviated like MKB), loaʻa nō 74? Ueony, 6 o ka a hiki i tuberculosis i loko o kānaka a me nā holoholona. Ua kapaia Chopsticks no ka mea, o ka helehelena, maoli kookoo-hoʻokino. Kekahi mycobacteria i ike ua kūponoʻia, kekahi kānaka uma, a me ka mea a elua i ka lōʻihi o ka mai 1 a hiki i 10 micrometers, a me ka laula - ma kahi o 0.5 microns.

A me nā hiʻona o ia mea i ka 'ole o ko lākou mau pā, a me membranes. Me ka hele ana i loko o lāliʻi, ua e hoailona oukou ia ia mea i loko o nā lāʻau Koch e leie aku ia e mutate mana loa helu o ka manawa, e hoomalu aku ia lakou iho mai ka make parasites no nā nā mea'aʻaʻa hana a me ka naueue ole ko oukou pale ana i kaʻenemi kaiapuni. Ka mea, a hiki bacteriophages i hoʻohana ana, i mea ka raison d'être - e pale aku i ke kino e ku e parasitic microorganisms. Ua ke kemu, Koch ka bacillus 'aʻole e make, a me ka hoʻololi' ana i nā macrophages no laila, i ka mea oluolu paʻi a pelaʻaʻole e loaʻa no ka mālama 'ia hoʻi e ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele o ka mea nana ka waiwai. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, Koch ka bacillus ka hoʻohana ke kelepona hele iho o ko mākou kino, e hoʻokō ia pono.

Once i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai o ola kanaka, kēia mau parasites hana i ka mua hookahi foci (iniiaiie tuberculosis), akā, ma hope o ke koko a me / ai lymph puunaue me ka hoʻonui 'āpana o kekahi a me nā maʻiʻaʻai a me nā naehana pela ulu hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kumu ia e hoʻomōhala a hiki ma hope o ka lapaau ana iniiaiie tuberculosis, me Koch ka bacillus i loko o ka AEeOEXAaI ano noho i loko o ke kino no na makahiki.

Aoao o ka maʻiʻaʻai

Pulmonary tuberculosis i kānaka iʻekoluʻano o nā koʻohune - M. tuberculosis (kanaka subspecies), M. africanum (subspecies waena) a me M. bovis (he subspecies o ka holoholona). Ka la mahope Ua oi maʻi holoholona, a me ke kanaka ka mea, ua i hiki mai unpasteurized waiu.

He nui i hoihoi i loko, hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis mea lele paha,ʻaʻole. Ke pane Ua puni hoʻi: ka mea, mea loa lele, ina e paa ana ia ia me ke kala o Koha hoaa (tubercle bacilli).

Ka mea, hele mai, mai ka maʻi kanaka i ke ola i remarkably mea:

- ka mea, hiki e ana mai o ka lewa;

- me ka tuha (e laʻa me, ma ka puʻu, honi);

- ma oihana a hoʻohana 'ia ma ke ahonui;

- ma ka hale 'ikamu;

- mai ka makuahine - fetus;

- ia ka hoʻohana 'ana insufficiently sterilized' inikua kani.

E like me 'oe ke ike, e hiki ke loaa TB anywhere: i ka lehulehu amo, ma ka lehulehu wahi, ma na kula, ma ka hana, a no laila, ma luna o.

Nui: Koch bacillus fantastic tenacious. Ka mea, hoopaa i ko lakou pilikia waiwai mawaho o ke kanaka kino no ka lōʻihi manawa. Eia nō kekahi mau examples o pehea ka Koch bacillus noho i ka hana kūpono i ke alo kēlā lā:

- i loko o ka pouli wahi me Map - mai i 7 makahiki;

- ma ka maloʻo hoʻomanawanui sputum (koe ma luna o nā mea a pau i poe kauwa) - mai ai i 1 makahiki;

- i loko o ka lepo ma luna o ke alanui - i no 60 lā;

- ma luna o nā'āpana o typographic a paʻi - mai ka 3 mahina;

- wai - ma kahi o 150 lā;

- ma unboiled waiu - ma kahi o 14 mau lā;

- i loko o ka waiū (aila) - i ka makahiki.

Ua mea hiki ke negatively pane i ka ninau o ka hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis ua lele paha,ʻaʻole? Paha ka Koch bacillus makana i loko o ka papa, oluolu e make ai? Eia naʻe, i kēia mau mycobacteria Ua paʻakikī e pepehi. Mahalo i kona hanana ke kelepona hele pa, ka mea i aneane loli ana i ka lń, ultraviolet pāhawewe, ka waiʻona, acetone, nāʻakika, alkalis, he nui disinfectants, dihydrate, a me ka wā i hoolapalapaia i kanaka mailoko o sputum i ole e make like ka nui me 5 minuke. Inā Koch ka bacillus ke hoʻomōhala i loko o ke kino o kekahi kanaka, tuberculosis e hana ino a pau i nā kānaka o ka Honua Honua.

kamepiula pūʻulu

Ma mua o ke kula makahiki, ka hapanui keiki e koho i ka wahie, Koch, akā, hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis 'ole kekahi' ē aʻe e hoʻomōhala ana i nawaliwali wale, maimai keiki. Aia mea no hoi kekahi kamepiula pūʻulu kikowaena:

- kanaka i paʻa ma ka'ō'ō ihe me ka TB nā mea maʻi;

- People me ka haahaa e hoʻonele;

- HIV-iho mailoko o;

- lawe immunosuppressants;

- nā pōkiʻi a waena-elemakule kanaka i loko o ke au o hormonal loli;

- starving;

- e loaa ana mai ka tuberculosis o kaʻili, a me nā loko;

- Ua hoololiia infectious maʻi;

- bolevshie iniiaiie pulmonary tuberculosis a me ka ino;

- e holo ana kekahi lōʻihi physiotherapeutic ke kaʻina hana (e laʻa me, pōaka).

Mea Maluna

Pulmonary tuberculosis hiki hoʻomōhala hoʻolaha ma ka kēiaʻaoʻao:

1. koko (hematogenous). Ma keia hihia, nā maʻiʻaʻai i loli. Kikokiko i ka koko ka koʻohune hiki ia ma ka lymph aka wahi, Gonʻekeʻeke, ma ka naau pono, a me ka pulmonary aa koko.

2. lymph (lymphogenous). Ma keia hihia, i ka loli ana i kekahi akemāmā.

3. Limfogematogenny.

Ma ke ano o ka maʻi hoomaopopo pulmonary tuberculosis hoʻolaha i nā kēia pepa.

- huʻi (miliary);

- subacute;

- maʻi;

- generalized. About keia palapala o ka maʻi i ka i ana ia, no ka mea kumu, na ipu koko ia lŘlŘ Ua Hopu Contents o ka loli ana o lymph wahi Mycobacterium, me ka 'ole o ka mea i ka cheesy (caseous). Ma keia hihia, i ka mea ia manawa mea he nui ka nui o ke koko i loko o ka laau Koch. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ka mea hana i infrequently.

Ka huʻi ano o ka tuberculosis

Ka maʻi hoʻomaka ho opa ao, koke, na symptoms i loa alohilohi, he iki e like pneumonia. ʻike, ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka lako o ka akemāmā a me microbiological Ka Ikepili o ka sputum. Huʻi hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo i loko o ka akemāmā'aʻaʻa o na mea he nui ka poe liilii, (no ka millimeter) Iegasaduha like millet hua liilii. Nolaila, i ka lua o ka inoa - "miliary (milae ma Roma o ia hoʻi," millet ") tuberculosis." Ke hoomanawanui hoʻololi mua capillary 'ole i loko o i collagen ua luku, a me ka mea legkopronitsaemymi na paia, i hiki aku ai i ka anal o mycobacteria mai koko i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Symptoms o kēia nā:

- he oi Lele i loko o ke ana wela i ka 39,5-40 ° C kaha;

- nawaliwali, luhi, kiʻekiʻe luhi;

- kokololio pāpaʻa;

- ka nele o ka ikaika loa ka makemake;

- ahinahina o na lehelehe a me ka manamanalima;

- yellowness o kaʻili;

- nausea i ka luaʻi;

- headache;

- maloo cough a sputum-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a ma ka hou ana i mucus a me ka pus i koko streaks;

- pokole o ka hanu.

I kekahi manawa, aia no he haʻi kakahiaka maʻi, a hiki i kona nalowale ike paka i.

Subacute ano o ka tuberculosis

Ua lŘlŘ ka wā o ka maʻi hohola i na moku nui ke koko (aa koko a me intralobular interlobular arteries). Ma keia hihia, ia akulla lesions mai i 1 knm ma anawaena. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'ʻano nui i loko o ka Hoʻohana o na maʻiʻaʻai, ma na mea he nui o na capillaries a me nā ipu lymph. Ma ke ano o ka proliferative lesions, aku aat a me ka hikoko ole, akā, e hiki ke alakai i ka li nui i loko o ka visceral pleura.

Symptoms o subacute ano o TB e hoohalike ai na mea he nui 'ē aʻe ka maʻi i complicate lapaʻauʻike. Mawaena o ka papa kuhikuhiE makana e like penei:

- luhi, nawaliwali;

- ana wela i ka pae ana o 38 ° C;

- he cough me sputum.

maʻi tuberculosis

ia lŘlŘ kēia palapala o ka maʻi i ka wa a ka hoʻomanawanui ua pau loa ia, hoola iho la iniiaiie (hou) tuberculosis. Ma na hoopii, Mycobacterium pinepine Via ke koko a me lymph mai ka iniiaiie foci hāʻule i loko o hou Hoʻohana o ke akemāmā, kūpono ai i loko o ia mea, he mau foci o likeʻole nui like 'ole (mai ka loa uuku i ka lā nui) o kekahi mau kinona a me nā lauana. Ka mea, i e calcified, a nui hou, me ka aahu hoʻoʻino kiʻi. Ia akulla lesions i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai. Loaa ole ia kiʻi hou emphysema, fibrosis o likeʻole nā'aʻaʻa i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, pleural scarring. Aka hoi, maʻi ke kaʻana like 'pulmonary tuberculosis e nae ko waho, aole i hoike mai ai ia ia iho, ma ka pili me i ka mea, ua loa pinepine i loaʻa i fluoroscopy. Symptomatology o ka maʻi palapala o ka tuberculosis Ua like penei:

- luhi;

- kahe o ka ikaika loa ka makemake;

- emaciation;

- pinepine headaches;

- manao ala o ke ana wela (episodically);

- cough.

Hoʻolaha tuberculosis: pae

Mua ia i manaʻo i ka maʻiʻaʻai pae au ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka luna lobes o na maʻiʻaʻai, II - ma ka waena, a me III, a ua hele mai lakou ma. A laila kēia Mea Malunaʻike pololei ole, mahope mai o ka pae ana o keia maʻi e like ana i loko o nā Hoʻohana o ke akemāmā. I ka lā, distinguishes ka kēia kūlana o pulmonary tuberculosis:

- Alopecia;

- infiltration;

- ka'opi;

- Office + (hamama ano o ka tuberculosis);

- MBT- (paa).

Hoʻolaha tuberculosis ma ka pae infiltration MBT + 'o ia hoʻi ka maʻi papa me ke kala i loko o ka papa o ka mycobacteria. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE symptom - he cough me sputum-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, o ka oi aku ina mea iloko pus a me ke koko.

Alopecia paeʻano nui ano o iniiaiie a hawaiian tuberculosis. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea e loli wale i kekahi hui paha i kekahi Hoʻohana. Ma keia uuku keʻena Ana (i i 1 knm i loko o ke anawaena). Kēia pae ia lŘlŘ ole symptoms, a ia akulla ', nō kāu me ka paakiki study kukui (m-Ray, fluoroscopy).

Hoʻolaha tuberculosis: i ka pae ana o infiltration a me ka decomposition

Oia ke ano o ka maʻi ua loaa ma kaʻimiʻana kona untimely (hoomanawanui hookaaokoa ae mai o OAXA makahiki ana i nā hana fluorography,ʻaʻole e holo ana i ka na kumu ao ia i ka mua symptoms o ka iini, hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoponopono-lapaʻau 'ole hoʻohana hoolaʻi laau i nui insufficiently mana like me ka iniiaiie kanaka). disintegration pae o ia hoʻi, i ka morphology o lesions ma akemāmā hiki i kekahi wahi ma i hoomaka i ka'aʻaʻa e disintegrate, ho okumu i ka loa maoli puka. Koena ai o disintegrated'aʻaʻa me ka cough hele iwaho. Ka mea, i interspersed me mucus pus a me ke koko. Nō hoʻi, i kēia mau'āpana hāʻule i loko o ka ole i paku ole ia i ka maʻi o ke akemāmā Hoʻohana, kūpono ma koke seeding o mycobacteria. Hoʻomanawanui iki mai i kaʻike, o ka hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis i loko o ka pae o ka disintegration, i ka mea pepehi kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai i 'ē aʻe, a me ka mea malama i ka muli o hospitalization. Iapaau ana i loko o ka haukapila ka mea, i ka lōʻihi, i ka eono mahina. E like me ka hopena, disintegrated lesions hoola (calcined).

infiltration pae Ua pū akula nō hoʻi i loko o ka holumua papa o ka maʻi, akā, ma kēia hihia o ka malamalama mea i ka'opi o na nā'aʻaʻa ia lŘlŘ. Nui infiltration - he hapa (waena), i a he mea li nui. Ia he wahi e hele i ka puu o leukocytes a me lymphocytes, a me symptoms reminiscent o ka huʻi pneumonia. Hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis i loko o ka pae o ka infiltration i ka kēia symptoms:

- he oi ala i loko o ke ana wela i ka kiʻekiʻe elevations;

- nawaliwali, luhi;

- umauma eha;

- cough;

- na hoailona o kaʻawahia;

- headache;

- i kekahi manawa i ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka ike paka i.

Me ka poe ola, lapaau hoʻoili ma ke kahua o ka'aʻaʻa infiltration hoomaka ae la e disintegrate. Ke hoomanawanui coughs ia mai paha ma ke kaʻina hana o ka puʻu e neʻe aku i ka malamalama lua, a ua loa koke Komo iho mailoko o mua ola'aʻaʻa. Tuberculosis i loko o nā kūlana o ka'opi a me ka infiltration o ole wale fraught me kiʻekiʻe pilikia o ka maʻiʻaʻai i'ē aʻe, akā, i ona i ka hoʻomanawanui.

lapaʻau '

Ia mea,ʻaʻole manawa oluolu e koke kukulu iho la lakou i ka hoomanawanui me ka hoʻolaha tuberculosis. ʻike, Ua paʻakikī no ka mea, na symptoms o keia maʻi a me ka pneumonia, SARS, i metastatic Ka maʻi 'aʻai, ua loa like. A hiki aku oe i kapa aku ai i ka hoʻomanawanui a hiki i ka? Aaieou ka hoohewa ana o ka luhi, cough, nui puʻu, nawaliwali, pokole o ka hanu i ke kauka ua koiia e nānā i ka ili no ke alo o ka scarring i i koe, mai ka mua myocardial abscess, lymphadenitis. Kekahi hookolokolo aku la ia i ka symmetry o ka pahu (ka mea, 'o ole, ina TB e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o kekahi akemāmā), kulana kupono paha ka eha, a me ka Muscle hoʻopilikia i loko o ka'ūhā mua kaei. I ka wa e hoolohe ana i ka stethoscope hōʻike akemāmā, ina maʻi o ka, mea i ko lakou wahi a me ka ano. He OAXA e hana keʻena hoʻokolohua keia hookolokolo ana o ka sputum no ke alo o ka mycobacteria. Ma kekahi mau hihia, e hoomanawanui i lawe i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o bronchial holoi ana, a me ka'ōpū o ka wai (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i loko o nā keiki). Eia hou kekahi, keʻena hoʻokolohua e ho'āʻo ai i pololei:

- bronchoscopy;

- sputum haukaʻe i microscopy;

- biopsy o ka pleura;

- thoracoscopy;

- pleural puncture.

Ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana a me ka pololei i fluoroscopic haʻawina.

Lapaau a me ka prognosis

Inā ke kauka ua diagnosed "hoʻolaha pulmonary tuberculosis", ka iapaau ana e e lōʻihi a me ka multifaceted. Ke prognosis hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pae ma i ka maʻi ua 'akomi i, a pehea pono i ka hoʻomanawanui hanaʻia i ke kauka o ka kuhikuhi. Ma kekahiʻano o pulmonary pae + ma ka MWT hoomanawanui ua hospitalized. Ma ka haukapilaʻano nui lawe lāʻau Inc (chemotherapy) oia hoi o Anati-tuberculosis ai ', physical Inc, nā wikamina, ka ikaika e hoʻonele.

Chemotherapy ma ka lānai hou diagnosed nā mea maʻi i loko o ka mālama nui pae o ka lapaʻau ua lawe mai hahai Anati-TB ai ', "Iziniazidom", "rifampicin", "pyrazinamide" a me ka "ethambutol", a ma ka mau nō lā hoʻi pae o ka lapaʻau - "isoniazid" a me ka "Rifampicin" a me "isoniazid" a me ka "ethambutol ".

I ka huʻi hoʻolaha tuberculosis hōʻike i ka pono o corticosteroids a me immunomodulators. Ka loa pinepine hoakaka "prednisolone" (15-20 mg / lā no 6-8 pule).

Duration o ka lapaʻau - mai i 6 mahina. Inā i loko o 3 mahina o aole e ike aku i ke au e hana hou, e like me ka pono me ka helu o nā nāʻikepili i hoʻohanaʻoki kino komo ai i ka wehe 'ana o ka hookahi akemāmā Hoʻohana ai ka malamalama me ka mau.

ʻO wai ka mea hoʻohana i ka polokalamu ohe. No ka tuberculosis, i kapaia o "kiwikā bronchoblocation", a wale "bronchoblocation", a mea i kekahi koho eʻoki kino.

Kāohi

Pulmonary tuberculosis ua noʻonoʻo i ka nohona maʻi, i ka laha ana o i ka pili kēia kalele iho ma luna o ka mea e like ai o ke ola (ola keia, Polenekia, e lawelawe ana i kona hoohewaia e i loko o ka hale paʻahao, a no laila, ma luna). Like kāohi ana, o ka oi aku no ke kaʻana like 'pulmonary tuberculosis, hiki ke kapaia:

- obligatory e hooholo ia o ka m-kukuna;

- e hali ana mai e hooponopono ana;

- BCG vaccination;

- ka e auaaeaiea o ka moku'āina dala no ka iapaau ana o nā mea maʻi me ka tuberculosis;

- malama heʻeleu (haʻuki), ola Aloha Hawaii;

- o ka hooholo ia ana o nā mea maʻi piha wale i ka mea nui tuberculosis.