Utopia - he kumu hoʻohālike o ka maikaʻi moku'āina

Aia he mau wale nō o ke kumu o ka hua'ōlelo utopia. Keia wahi, e like me ka mua o ia mau mea, i mea ole i (Liliʻu -ʻaʻohe, topos -. Wahi,ʻole). A me ka lua o ka - he pomaikai aupuni (eu - ka maikai, topos - wahi). Ka manawa i hoʻohana muaʻia e Thomas Moore i loko o ka inoa o ka puke. Ma hope lilo iho la oia i ka hale ka inoa, denoting kela fictional aina me ka pono nohona mea a unrealistic mea kuka, na i loko o ka palapala, a hoonoho ma kela nohona loli '.

Utopia - mea he olelo no na pono o kekahi pōʻai pūʻulu i mea ole ana i ka uku ole. Ua hanaʻia nui cognitive, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ideological hana. Pinepine ia i mālama i keʻano o ka olelo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ideology.

E like me ka utopia - ia mea he palapala ano o ka lawelawe ike paka, nona ma ka comprehension o ka nohona maikaʻi, imi e mua mai i ka wā e hiki mai, ka noʻonoʻo loi o ka? Ueony mea. Ma ka pakebona, ka mea i kāheaʻia ma ka hōʻike o ka pono moku'āina i ina kahi i loa ola mua. Kona hoolaha aku, ua loaa i ka mea kahiko, a medieval China (palapala o Lao Tzu, Mo Tzu), e like me nā lāhui kanaka o ka Middle Hikina (Avempace, Al-Farabi).

I ka 17th, a 18th kenekulia ka mea, i hohola utopian hoonoho, e like me nā papahana o ka pili a me ka pilina nā mea hoʻololi. Akā, mahope mai o ka hapalua like-19th kenekulia, utopia i kekahi mau 'ano moʻokalaleo Ke o moʻokalaleo ma ke kahe ana o e loaʻa nā loina a me nā pilina ideals. A hailona no utopian hana o ka 20th kenekulia i kākauʻia e HG Wells.

Ma ka broadest hoohalike, he utopia - ka mea, o kekahi kekahi ao noaia, a, ma ka manao o kona kākoʻo, e kōkua i ka hoʻonā i ka naʻokoʻa ma kaiāulu. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma: Anati-historicism, ka welelau o ka formalism, poe mai ka ike maopopo, ua höʻike pü i ke kūlana o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka kanawai, o ka manaolana no ke kākoʻo mai o ka poe ma ka mana.

I kue i ka mea, dystopia, a kahea no ka abandonment o ka nohona maikaʻi, a hoolaulea me na nenoai? Ueony ana ma ka State, i mea e pale aku i ka poʻe hewa nui o ka wā e hiki mai. Dystopia pinepine hoikeia i depicts ka nohona ideals o ia nei hoa paio (pinepine ma ka caricature ano).

Social utopia Plato - kekahi o na manaÿo mua o keia ano keia ano. E like me kona kumumanaʻo, ka moku'āina mea he deliberate intensification, lehulehu, i ka pono a me ka maikai. I mea e hoʻokō i kēia, kanaka pono e hana maikaʻi-i ho'ākāka 'oihana e like me ka waiwai o ko lakou mau uhane, a kūlohelohe nā mea hiki.

Ka uhane oia o ekolu eiiiiiaiou - he ikaika-Ke makemake nei anei, akamai a me ka affective. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka predominance o kekahi hapa o ka puunaue ka lehulehu i hana '. Volitional hapa o ka uhane ka i lanakila ma o ka poe koa e hoomalu aku i na heluna mai o ka enemi. Kupono hapa - poe akeakamai e hana aku me ke aupuni. Affective - na kauwa a me artisans limahana ma ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka hoomaopopo ana i ka moku'āina o ka mea huahana.

Social utopia, e like me Plato, ua ma muli o ka mea e like me ka hopena o ka hoʻohuiʻana i kēlā me kēia papa ana i ka hana pono (na koa - koa, nā luna - akamai, artisans a me nā kauwa -ʻia), a ma muli o ia i ke kanawaiʻoʻoleʻa luna kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka moku'āinaʻike ihola i ka lani kiekie loa pono - ka hoopai, e alakai i ka lokahi. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka pono o ke kanaka e kaumaha aku i ka mea pono.

Currently, i ka manaʻo o ka utopia hāpai i ka helu o ka maikaʻi, ao ke ano. Ma kekahi, ka mea,ʻo ia ka mea hiki ke koho mea e hiki mai ana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, a no hoi, e pale aku i ka helu o ka hopena maikaʻi ka nohona hopena o ka hana kanaka. 'Aʻole i lilo kona nui, a ia mea fantastic ia ma na palapala, ai' na hana.