Vaccination ku e meningococcal maʻi. He vaccinations e pono ai?

Meningococcal maʻi - ka maʻi i loko o ka a hoonui loa koʻohune hiki i mea maʻi. Ma kekahi, meningitis, sepsis, nasopharyngitis, pneumonia, sinusitis paha meningococcemia.

meningitis

Meningitis - meningococcal maʻiʻaʻai, a hiki e mai o nā 'ano apau loa: iniiaiie a me nā haumāna. Ma ka hihia mua pathogenic koʻohune komo i ke kino ma ka airborne droplets. Ma ka puʻu, a laila, ma ke koko-lolo'ākeʻakeʻa - ma ka lolo membranes. Oia maʻi paha e purulent paha serous.

I ka serous meningitis mea he hoʻomāhuahua o lymphocytes i loko o ka cerebrospinal loli. Ua ua kena ae la ia e koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi, pīhoihoi tuberculosis. I ka purulent meningitis ma cerebrospinal loli mea he hoʻomāhuahua o neutrophils. Kēia ka hana ma muli o ka koʻohune. Holo nōhie meningococcal A a me C. Ua aneane 40% o nā hihia hoʻomaka o Haemophilus influenzae B. A% wale 2 mai pneumonia.

I ka haumāna meningitis e loli ai i ka ÷ naehana hanu'āpana, oropharynx, pepeiao a salivary gland. Oe e 'ike symptoms o ka maʻi e like me pneumonia a enteric maʻiʻaʻai. A laila, i ka koʻohune komo iloko ma ka lymph a me ke koko, ka hoʻomake 'li nui o ka lolo. Ka haumāna kumu meningitis staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Candida fungi, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, salmonella, a me nā pathogens.

Ua loaʻa ka maʻi laha?

Pakī o meningococcal maʻi i malama ia ma Rusia i ka makahiki 1968. Hihia i loa ai pinepine. Nolaila, ia mea kaʻenaʻena vaccination ku e meningococcal maʻiʻaʻai. Ua ua he maoli laha. Akā, mahalo i ka vaccination, ia i nā la i mea ole. A, ano, i ka maʻi 'aʻole i hoʻomaka ai loa pinepine. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 2000, haneri o nā tausani o ka poʻe Lūkini He 8 iho mailoko o.

Children i oi susceptible i kēia maʻi. A me ka mea moe i loko o ka nele o ka vaccination. Akā, nasopharyngitis paha e kekahi etiology, a ua hoomaopopo ia kekahi manawa he paʻakikī mai kekahi maʻi. No laila, i ka ninau o ina vaccinations e pono no ka meningitis, ke pane neiʻo ia. Kāohi Ua maikaʻi initially ma mua o ka ia no ka lōʻihi manawa e hoola.

He aha ka meningococcal maʻi?

Ke causative Agena o meningococcal maʻiʻaʻai - na koʻohune Neisseria meningitides. I ka maʻi ke hana ma kekahi mau 'ano apau loa. Ka hapanui pinepine i loko o ka palapala o ka meningitis (li nui o na meninges). Pathogen (meningococcus Vekselbauma) mea he Gram-io diplococcus. Ua aʻole i capsules a me flagella, mea AEeOEXAaI. Ia, aole ia i hana i spores. ʻO kaʻoi loa wela no ka ulu ana o koʻohune - 37 degere.

Where meningococcal maʻi ua 'akomi i?

Meningococcal maʻi ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā'āina. Akā, ka mea kiekie loa mea hiki wale mai - ma Central a me West Africa. Ma Rusia wawahi mai kekahi mau manawaʻekeʻeke uuku o ka maʻiʻaʻai. Nolaila, vaccination ku e meningococcal maʻi ua koi 'ia i ka maʻi i ole ia i keʻano o ke ahulau.

Complications o meningitis

Ka maʻi Ua pilikia loa. Inā ua ole, ua vaccinated manawa e ku e ia maʻiʻaʻai, ka mea hiki i complications nui. Pinepine ka mea, e lawe mai ana i ka ona e hoʻokūkū. Inā manawa aole e hoola meningitis, ka mea hiki ke alakai i ka kīnā o ke kino. Complications e hele mai ana ma kekahi mau ano:

• Huʻi cerebral, oia, lolo edema, cerebral infarction, ventriculitis. Ma waho o ka luna pinepine e ala mai subdural effusion, occlusion a me ka lawa ponoʻole excretion ADH maʻi pale.
• Huʻi extracerebral. Meningitis nā mea maʻi e hāʻule i loko o ka moku'āina o ka kŰia. Ikeia hau a me ka hemorrhagic syndromes, hypoglycemia, dehydration, arthritis, pneumonia. Meningitis mea e loli i ke gastrointestinal'āpana (ulcers, gastritis).
• Late complications. O nā hydrocephalus, ataxia, pepeiao kuli, makapo, cystic-lina arachnoiditis. Nā complications o meningitis hiki i atrophy o ka optic nā aʻalolo, lolo abscess, dysfunction o ka anterior pituitary. I ka hopena o complications ikeia neurological maʻi, i ka dementia. I kekahi manawa, he mea mimikō. Ma ka holomua ke kahua - coma.

He aha nā vaccines?

Ma Rusia, i mea e pale aku i ka maʻi ua loa olelo hoʻohana huakaʻi i ke kai laʻau koʻokoʻo ma luna o meningococcal maʻi "Meningitis A + C." Wahi lulu popilikia a A a me C. ka laʻau koʻokoʻo i kekahi mau W-135 a me Y, pakuiia ke kamailio ana wale, a waiho ana ma Mecca. I loaʻa ka meningococcal pūʻulu ua,ʻaʻole i lohe nui ia. Ua loaʻa haʻahaʻa immunogenicity a mai i ka helu o ka antigenic determinants i hiki iʻaoʻao 'ole a me nā complications.

E pale li nui o ka lolo i vaccinated ku e meningococcal maʻi. Ka inoa i e okoa, no ka mea, o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ua i hookupaaia kekahi, "Act-HIB," "Hiberiks", "Temp-Act-HIB," "Pentaxim" a me kekahi mau mea e ae. Oe ke lawe ia no ka noa i loko o ka papa, i ka aneane kekahi hoʻokiwikā? Aaieou. ʻoiaʻiʻo, kekahi mea kūʻai wale no ke kālā, a hiki e loa pipiʻi.

No ka mea Kāohiʻana o pneumococcal meningitis laʻau koʻokoʻo «Pneumo-23" ua hoʻohana 'ia. Ua ua i loko o Farani. Free vaccines mea wale no keiki, iloko olaila ma ke kamepiula pae. Ua noa'ē aʻe no ko ianei manao - no ka uku. Mau pakui ho'ēmi i kā i ka pilikia o ka maʻi,ʻaʻole wale meningitis, akā, i ka helu ana i nā maʻi (sepsis, pneumonia, etc. D.).

Ka wā a i vaccinations hana?

Vaccines mea i hoʻohana loa pinepine loaʻa polysaccharides. Lakou i lawelawe no na keiki mai ka 2 makahiki. Oia vaccines ke hoomalu i kekahi keiki no ka 3 makahiki. Akā, oi pinepine (oi ma mua o 50% o ka hoopii), meningitis ana i na keiki ma lalo o nā makahiki. Ka mea, vaccinations me ka nawaliwali'ōnaehana paleʻea pane. Ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ma luna o meningococcal pūʻulu A ua hoʻohana 'ia nā keiki wale no mua ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki, hui C - a hiki i ka makahiki o ka elua wale. Pakuiia auanei lakou ua hana wale kekahi manawa.

Ua loaʻa kekahi laʻau koʻokoʻo ma luna o meningitis no na kamalii uuku?

Ma vaccines no na kamalii uuku hana i ka hoʻomauʻana. 'Oiai, ua pono ka vaccination serotype C. No i keia laʻau koʻokoʻo meningitis mea hiki wale mai ua hoemi ia e 76%. Children ma lalo o nā makahiki o ka makahiki - 90%. Hana i kēia manawa underway ma ka hui vaccines, a Pono e komo i ka meningococcus serotype 4. Ma mua o vaccination mea pono e kukakuka me kou kauka. Mai koho i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo i ke keiki ma luna o lākou iho, me ke kuka mau o ka hoʻomalu.

Hana au Pono e e vaccinated ku e meningococcal maʻi?

Vaccination ku e meningococcal maʻi mea ole wale no Kāohiʻana, akā, i loko o ka hanana o ka maʻi'ōkuʻu. I hookuu i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo ua hoʻohana ' "A + C" a ua komo ka wā'ōkuʻu ka pilikia. Pakuiia ka holoʻokoʻa heluna kanaka, i ola ma ka mea pepehi koke i ka pulakaumaka o ka maʻiʻaʻai. Akā, i ke ahulau paepae ma kekahi aina o kou iho. Inā ka maʻi i oi ma mua o ka kekahi paa helu, ka vaccination o ka heluna kanaka, ua pono.

He mea oi loa aku hoi oiaio na keiki. vaccination manawa ua haawi pakahi i kūikawā vaccination mau lā 'alemanaka. E like me ia ia ia, ka mea, ua i na keiki ma luna o nā makahiki o ka makahiki, adolescents a me nā mākua me ka kaua kipi outbreak o meningococcal maʻiʻaʻai, a ua kauoha aku e koʻohune mai serogroups A a me C.

Like pono me ka poe i māhuahua kamepiula o ka maʻiʻaʻai. Helu kula nā haumāna e noho ana ma ka kula hanai, a orphanages i loko o ka noho ohana. ʻO ia pili ana i na keiki, mai keakea mauʻohana, kahi i hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe aku ana i hehiʻana. Mai meningitis hiki i kiʻi maʻi mai kaʻino lima a me ka hua. No laila, i ka hanaia'na o ka hoʻohui pū vaccines, pakahi aku la ia i keiki, Ua pono.

polysaccharide vaccines

E like me ka olelo ma luna, holo nōhie "A + C" pakui hoʻohana no ka vaccination. Ma ka ka pahu kui paena, aia no kekahiʻeha a me ka hyperemia (nō kāu 5% pakuiia). More kākaʻikahi ia lŘlŘ kuni i ua normalized i 1.5 lā. Me kekahi vaccines, ka mea, aole e ala aʻeʻoe i nā mea a pau. I kā mākou - redness ma ke kahua o ka inoculation. Wale vaccines i contraindicated no kanaka e loaa ana mai ka maʻi maʻi paha allergic i na nā mea hoʻohui i kakauiaʻi i loko o ia mau mea.

Anei au Pono i vaccination ku e meningococcal maʻi?

Ma Rusia kekahi mau makahiki aku nei mākou i hoʻolauna muli o vaccination ku meningitis. Ka maʻi aicieeaao aie i ka koʻohune, i kapaia o "Haemophilus influenzae". Ua hiki i ole wale meningitis. A no ka laʻana, pepeiao nā mea palahēhē, pneumonia, a me ka sinusitis. Eia naʻe, ua pono ole poina i meningitis hiki i ole wale Haemophilus influenzae, akā, nui loa na microbes.

Vaccination kū'ē i kēia maʻi ua lawe mai i loko o nā'āina o ko ke ao nei. Li nui o ka lolo ke alakai i ka make. Inoculations i i, e like me ka maʻamau 'inikua calendars ka poʻe vaccination me DTP. O kēia vaccines iloko eiiiiiaiou o Hib nā mea palahēhē. Haemophilus influenzae, e like me ka noiʻi loaʻa, hiki e eono? Ueo. Ka noho pilikia loa ke kanaka microbes i 'ano B. nui vaccinated i loaʻa ke keʻena o ka maʻi, e hoʻoikaika i aiiay e hoʻonele.

meningitis maʻiʻaʻai (Haemophilus influenzae) ka loa pilikia no na keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki o 5 makahiki. Alaila, vaccinate ka mea, i ole ano, no ka mea, me ka makahiki o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana i loko o kānaka ua hua mai la koho. 'Oiai, loa hoʻopale kanaka mai meningitis hiki ole ia maʻi. Hiki wale nō me ka nui loa emi i ka pilikia o ka lālau ia. 'Aʻa aku i kekahi mau ano o ka meningitis, a me ka mea hiki ke pneumococcus. Akā, ma kēia microbe ole laʻau koʻokoʻo. Ka noho pilikia loa koʻohune i pinepine i li nui o ka lolo, i ike like meningococcus.

Inā he ua hui 'ia me ka hoʻomanawanui

E pale aku meningitis Pono e e vaccinated. Immunoglobulin ua lawelawe ia na keiki ma lalo o 7 makahiki kahiko, akā, i hope ma mua o ka hebedoma hope o waiū. Pela keiki elemakule 2 ia e 1.5 ml, a 'oi - 3 ml laʻau koʻokoʻo. Inā he kanaka o ka lawe ana i ka maʻi, i ka chemoprophylaxis no ka eha lā. Inā ia mea he kanaka makua, ka mea, ua häʻawi mai rifampicin palua i ka lā no 0,3 nā huna.

Vaccinations ku e meningitis i i ma ka mua, me ke kali ana no ke kanaka i loaʻa maʻi. Ma kahi o ka ampicillin hoʻohana amoxicillin. He mea e ka ia nui ma luna o koʻohune. Ma na aina i hoakaka ia vaccinations i ka mea a pau i hui 'ana me nā mea maʻi. Vaccination ua lawe mai i nā lā. Up i ka makahiki - mai ka 5 a hiki i 10 mg / kg no ka lā, mai kekahi makahiki a hiki i 12 makahiki - 10 mg / kg no ka lā, a i kekahi pana "Ceftriaxone" 200 mg. Kēia mau vaccines i ka hopena nui ole wale me meningitis Kāohiʻana, akā, no hoi ma ka hui 'ana me nā mea maʻi meningococcal maʻiʻaʻai. Secondary meningitis ke'ākoʻakoʻa mawaena o ka mahina. E pale i kēia, i loko o ka mua 5 mau lā ma hope o hui 'ana me ka maʻi kanaka e kiʻi vaccinated e pale maʻiʻaʻai.