Viking Age: pokole e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE

Middle Ages pili ia i ka wā Viking VIII-XI CC, A hiki aku i ke kai Europa anaiia ia wiwo powa e hele mai, mai Scandinavia. Ko lakou mau kaua hahau ka makau i loko o ka makaainana e noho ma ka Old World. Na Vikings he ole wale hoi kanaka powa i akā, i poe kalepa a me explorers. By hoʻomana ka mea, he poe pegana.

Ke ano o ka Viking

Ma ka VIII kenekulia, i ka poʻe e noho lā ma ka ?? eoi? O ke kālā no Norewai, Kuekene a me Denmark ua hoʻomaka e kūkulu i ka loa kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo i ka manawa o ka moku, a hoʻouna akula iā lākou ma luna o ka huakaʻi lōʻihi. Ma kēia mau Hawaii ka mea, pahu i ka hoʻohalahala 'ano o ka aina ponoi. Ka Mahiai ma Scandinavia ua underdeveloped no ka mea, o ka mea anuanu aniau. Ka uku e ohi ai i ole ae i ka na kamaaina nui, e hānai ko lākou poʻe'ōhua. Aie i ka nunui waiwai i loko o looting Vikings, a hāʻawi aku iā lākou i ka manawa i wale, e kuai i ai, akā, e kalepa no hoi me ka hoalauna

Ka mua maluna luina ma kokoke'āina i wahi i ka makahiki 789. A laila, na powa hooukaia mai Dorset ma komohana hema England, pepehi a me ka hao aku i ke kulanakauhale o PETN. Pela i hoomaka ai i ke au o ka Vikings. Kekahi kumu nui o ka nuipa a piracy Ua pio ka polokalamu ke anoe o ka mea kahiko'ōnaehana ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke kaiāulu a me keia ano. E ike, e hooikaika kona keiki hoʻomaka e hana i ka prototype mua o Hawaii i loko o ka palena o Denemaka. No ka mea yarlov ua lilo robberies i kahi o ka waiwai a me ka ole i waena o kona mau compatriots.

mākaukau luina

A ki kumu no ka naʻi aupuni a me ka Leeuwerikplein discoveries, ka Vikings hoomaka ko lakou mau moku, a he nui maikaʻi ma mua o kekahi 'ē aʻe' Eulopa. Scandinavian moku kaua i kapaʻia Drakkar. pinepine hoʻokele hoʻohana iā lākou e like me kā lākou mau wahi. Oia mau moku, ua lawe lima. Ka mea hiki e kŘpa a oluolu e hoʻoneʻe kauo aku la i uka o. Ma mua, i nā moku a pau ka hoe, ma hope loaa ka holo pololei.

Drakkar ka oko leo hone palapala kekahi māmā holo, pono a me ka nanea ana. Ka mea, i 'ia ua hōʻike hewa no ka lepo muliwai. Ma ka loaʻa'an ia lakou, i ka Vikings ke hele malalo iho i loko o ka luku i ka aina. Ia huakaʻi lilo i piha kahaha ko oukou naau i ka poʻeʻEulopa. E like me ka rula, i kūkuluʻia Drakkar o ka laau lehu. Ka mea, ua nui ka hōʻailona, i haʻalele ma hope o ke kakahiaka nui medieval mōʻaukala. Ke au o ka Vikings - ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō i ka wā o ka naʻi aupuni, akā, i ka ulu ana o ke kuai au. No keia mea, i ka Scandinavians hoʻohana kūikawā kalepa moku - Knorr. Ka mea, he lehulehu, aʻoi Drakkar. O ia moku hiki e ukana hou waiwai.

Viking au ma Northern Europe i koho ma ka hooulu ana o ka hoʻokele. Scandinavians i ole i kekahi hana maalea (e like panana), akā, ua pono ia mea kōkua Nature. Mau luina hoʻokolokolo pono 'ike i nāʻano o nā manu, a lawe ia lakou me ia ma luna o ka holo ana e ike ai i ko laila mea i ka'āina aʻe (ina mea i ole, manu hoi i ka moku). noiʻi i hilinaʻi ma o ka la, na hoku, a me ka mahina.

Kaua ma luna o Beritania

Ka mea mua e poipu ana o ka Scandinavians ma 'Enelani, ua pōkole-olaʻana. Hoohalua aku la lakou nö hoʻi monasteries a koke hoi aku la a hiki i ke kai. Ua, nae, hoomaka ae la ka Vikings e kau koi ana i ka aina o Anglo-Sākona. Ma Beritania, oiai uaʻaʻohe hookahi aupuni. Ka mokupuni Ua puunaueia iwaena o kekahi mau luna. Ma 865 ke kaʻao Denemaka ke alii Ragnar Lodbrok hele i Northumbria, akā, i kona moku ili ka moku, a wawahi ae la. Komohewa hoopuniia lakou, a hoopio iho la ia. King Nortumbrii Ella II i Ragnar kauoha, e hoolei ia ia iloko o ka lua piha ka make nahesa.

Lodbrok ka make mai,ʻaʻole e pakele. Mau makahiki ma hope, ua pae Great lāhui kanaka Army ma ka mokuna o koʻEnelani. Kēia poe koa alakai lehulehu keiki a Ragnar. Na Vikings lanakila East Anglia, Northumbria a me Mercia. Nā luna o kēia mau aupuni a pau i hana. Ka hope paʻa o ka Anglo-Sākona ua South Wessex. His King Alfred Veliky, ka ike ana i kona mana mea,ʻaʻole i lawa ke kaua i ka poʻe komohewa, i me ia i ka maluhia Kuikahi, a laila, i ka makahiki 886, a me nā mea a pau aeia lākou kuleana ma Pelekane Nui.

Naʻi aupuni oʻEnelani

Alfred a me kana keiki Edward ka hānau mua i eha makahiki ae hoomaemae loa oia i ka aina mai ka haole. Mercia a East Anglia i kuu i ka makahiki 924. Ma ke keʻena ka'ākau Northumbria Viking domination he kanakolu makahiki.

Ma hope o ka hoohiamoe ia, hoomaka ae la ka Scandinavians e hou-hōʻike pinepine ia ma na kapakai o Beritania. I kekahi nalu o nā Pilisetia, i lilo ai i ka 980, a ma ka 1013th Sven Forkbeard loa lawe ma luna o ka'āina, a lilo kona alii. Kana keiki Knud Veliky ekolu makahiki aliʻi ma ekolu monarchies: Beritania Nui, Denmark a me Norway. Ma hope o kona make ana, i ke aliʻi kahiko o Wessex hou ka mana, a me nā malihini i haalele ai ia Beritania.

I ka XI kenekulia i lawe i ka Scandinavians ho'āʻo i kekahi mau nui e lanakila i ka mokupuni, akā, ka mea a pau holomua. Viking Age, ma ka pōkole, haʻalele kona hoailona ma luna o ka moʻomeheu a me ka pili aupuni nenoaia o Anglo-Sakona Beritania. Ma ka ?? eoi? Ee, a no kekahi manawa i uluhia e ka Danes hookupaa danelaw - nenoaiu o ke kānāwai, i lawe ma mai o ka Scandinavians. Kēia māhele 'āina i kaʻawale mai ka' ē aʻe Pelekania'āina ma ka Middle Ages.

Noremana a me ka Frank

Ma Western 'Eulopa, ua kapaia ka Viking au i ka wā o ka ho'āhewa wale o na Noremana. Ma lalo o keia inoa, hoomanao ae la Scandinavian wā Kakolika. Inā ka Vikings holo a hiki i ke komohanaʻano nui ma ka mea e haoʻEnelani, ma ka hema o ke kumu o ko lākou huakaʻi,ʻo ia ka Frankish aupuni a pau. Ua Ua hoʻokumu i ka makahiki 800 ma Charlemagne. Oiai ma ia, a ma lalo o kāna keiki Louis ka haipule koe kekahi ikaika moku'āina, i hoomalu i ka aina, mai ka poe Genetile.

Naʻe, i ka wa a ke aupuni a pau i maheleia i ekolu aupuni, a me ka mea, ma ka huli, hoomaka ae la e hana eha iaʻi mai na koina o ka feudal'ōnaehana, ma mua o ka Vikings wehe dizzying nā papaha. Kekahi Scandinavians kela makahiki, e powa ana i ke kahakai, oiai kekahi poe, ua mau lakou ma ka hana o ka Hui luna, e uku no ka lokomaikaʻi hoʻopale 'ana i Kristiano. Ma kekahi o ko lakou mau kaua, ka Vikings i hoopio aku Paris.

I ka 911, ke Frankish ke alii Charles ka Simple i ka Vikings ka akau o Farani. Kēia māhele 'āina i kapa me Noremana. Kona poe alii, ua bapetizoia. Kēia tactic hoao ka hoʻokō. More a oi ka Vikings he gradual hoʻololi i ka sedentary Aloha Hawaii. Akā, kekahi koa uhane i hoomau i ko lakou paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Pela, i ka 1130 o ka Noremana naʻi hema Italy, a hana Sicilian aupuni.

Norse Discovery o America

E neʻe hou aku i ke komohana, i ka Vikings loaa Ireland. Ua pinepine o ke kahua kaua ma luna o ka mokupuni a me ka haʻalele i ka kūloko Celtic moʻomeheu nui paʻi. More ma mua o nā kenekulia, Scandinavians waiwai Dublin. Around 860, ka Vikings loaa'Āina Hao ( "hau aupuni"). Ka mea, ua i ka mea mua e noho ma kēia wao nahele moku. 'Āina Hao ua he kaulana wahi o ka colonization. Norway imi iho la i ka noho ana ka poe i holo i ka aina ma muli o ka pinepine Kivila kaua.

I 900, ka Viking moku ulia i ka Track, hele mai la i Greenland. Ka mua panalāʻau e noho ana ma laila ma ka pau ana o ka X kenekulia. Kēia Kaka hooeueuia'ē aʻe Viking e hoʻomau i ka huli 'ana no ka mea ala a hiki i ke komohana. Ka mea, pono manaolana i kēlāʻaoʻao o ke kai, he mea he hou honua. ʻImi Loa Leif Eriksson i na kapakai o North America a puni ka makahiki 1000, a pae ma ka Labrador Peninsula. Keia aina, ua kapaia o Vinland. Pela, ua hoailono aku la ma ka loaʻa o America elima kenekulia mua Hristofora Kolumba huakaʻi Viking au.

Na lono e pili ana i keia aina, he sketchy, aʻaʻole i koe mawaho Scandinavia. Ma Europa, ua i i ike e pili ana i ke komohana nā moku'āina '. Hooponopono o ka Vikings ma Vinland he mau makahiki. Ekolu ho'āʻoʻia ka hana i ka panalāʻau mua i ka'āina, akā, ka mea a pau holomua. Ma malihini hoomaau mai Indians. Liaise me nā panalāʻau ua paʻakikī loa no o ka mea nunui mamao. Ma ka hopena, i ka Scandinavians haʻalele Amerika. He nui hope, archaeologists loaʻa ko läkou 'o ka hooponopono ma Hawaii, Canada.

Vikings a Rus

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka VIII ke kenekulia, hoomaka ae la ka Vikings poʻe hao wale kaua i ka aina i noho ma ka lehulehu Finno-Ugric kanaka. Kēia Ua e hoikeike ai ma hulikoehana loaa i loaa i loko o Rusia Staraya Ladoga. Inā ma Europe i ka Vikings i kapaia o ka Noremana, ke Slavs o lākou Vikings. Scandinavians e hoʻomalu aku i ka mau kalepa awa ma ka Baltic kai ma Prussia. Eia helu kuhi puke i ka waiwai Amber Road ma i Amber i kaʻi aku i ke Kaiwaenahonua.

Pehea i hana ai i ka Rus Viking Age? Ma pōkole, mahalo i na malihini, mai Scandinavia originated hikina Slavic statehood. E like me ka oihana mana, i ka poʻe i noho ma Novgorod, pinepine i ka hui 'ana me ka Vikings huli ia ia no ka kōkua ma ka mea maloko Meriba. No laila, e alii ai maluna o ka Vikings Rurik i kono. Mai ia ua he mamo aliʻi, i koke hui Rusia, a lilo iho la ia i ke alii ma Kiev.

Gen. nā kupa o Scandinavia

Ma ka hale o ka Vikings noho i loko o ka nui kua'āina mau hale a pau. Ma lalo o ke kaupaku o keia hale fits ka ohana, a komo pū wale ekolu hanauna a me kumamaha. Keiki, nā mākua a me nā kūpuna i noho pu. Kēia hana mau i ka küpinaÿi o ka tribal nenoaiu. Ua kūkuluʻia nā hale o ka laau a me ka pālolo. Puhi, he peat. I ka nui lumi Central ua he mau waena, i i ole ai wale, akā, ua hiamoe.

ʻO ka wā i au o ka Vikings, kā lākou mau kūlanakauhale ma Scandinavia ua kokoke uuku ma ka nui hāʻawi ala e hiki i ka Luna Hooponopono o ka Slavs. People kiaʻano nui a puni ka hanalima, a kālepa-oaio? A. Na kulanakauhale i kukulu hohonu fjords. Kēia i hana i mea i kiʻi i kaʻoluʻolu awa i loko o ka hanana o ka kaua o ka enemi'auwaʻa i ka ike ma mua o kona hiki mai.

Scandinavian kauwa hoaahuia oia i ka huluhipa pālule, a me ka pōkole lole wāwae baggy. Viking lole ua kokoke awaawa au no ka shortage o ka maka mea i loko o ka Nordic'āina. Rich ka poeikohoia o ka luna papa ke hookomo i nā pōpō kapa i distinguishes ia mai o ka ahakanaka, e hoike ana ka waiwai a me ke kūlana. Women ka lole Viking pono hui pū accessories - metala Jewelry, brooches, pendants a me buckles no ka hipuu. Inā he kaikamahine i mare,ʻo ia i kona lauoho i loko o ka bun, mare ole hapai i kona lauoho lipine.

Kapa kila a me nā mea kaua Vikings

Ma kēia kaulana moʻomeheu prevalent kiʻi o ka Viking pepeiaohao mahiole ma luna o kona poʻo. I mea, i kēia mau pālule, he ka rarity, a ua ole hou hoʻohana no ka hakakā a me ka rituals. Lole Viking au i komo OAXA no a pau hoaia kapa kila.

Ka mea, ua nui loa aku o like me na mea kaua. Northerners Ua pinepine hoʻohana i ka ihe ma kahi o kekahi, a me ka hapalua mika loa, i ke kua hiki i lalo, a hou ae la oia i ka enemi. Akā, i koe o ka pahi kaua loa, he pono ole. Kēia mea kaua ua loa i ka malamalama i like i nā? Ueony,ʻikeʻia i loko o ka Middle Ages hahai. Viking pahikaua Ua i koho i loko o ka hapanui o Scandinavia. Koa pinepine kuai Frankish kaua, e like me ka mea e kaumaha ana maikaʻi loa e like ai. Ua hiki anei i na Vikings a me ka pahi loa - Sākona.

Luke noho o Scandinavia i i ka lehu a yew. E like me ke kaula ua pinepine hoʻohana Hilo lauoho. Common melee mea kaua, he mau koʻi lipi. Vikings he makemake ko ka laulā, symmetrically divergent huhui.

Nā Noremana

Ma ka hapa mua o ke kenekulia XI i ka hopena o ka Viking Age. He ua ukuia ia mau aʻe. Mua, ma Scandinavia hope disintegrated ke kahiko Helene kumukānāwai. He Ua UAIAaIN e Classic medieval feudalism i ka suzerain a me ka pio e. I ka hala noho iho la au a me ka hapa nomadic ola. Nā kānaka o Scandinavia noho i loko o kona'āina.

I ka pau ana o ka Viking Age hele mai kekahi no o ka laha ana o Karistiano i waena o northerners. Ke hou ka manaoio, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka pagan, kū'ē i ke koko o paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma ka'āina'ē. Ua, he nui no na rituals o ka mohai i ua hoʻopoina, a no laila, ma luna o. E. ka mua nā keʻa, e ike ia me ke kōkua o ka hou manaoio legitimizovalas i loko o ka maka o ke koena o na makaainana 'Eulopa Community. Ma hope o ka poe alii, a me ka aristocracy like hana maʻamau kanaka.

I ka wehewehe ana oia i olelo o ka Vikings, ka poe i makemake e kuhikihi ana i ko lakou mau ola a me koa noho ana, ka mea, hele aku la i loko o mercenaries, a hooikaika aku me ka haole Moi. No ka laʻana, ka mea Byzantine i Emperor i kona Varangian kuhina nona. Northerners i kuaiia, no kā lākou mau physical ikaika, ke akahai o ke ola, a me kaʻano o ka hakakā mākau. Ka hope Viking mana i loko o ka Classic ano o ka olelo i ke alii o Norewai Harald III loa. He hele aku la i 'Enelani, a ho'āʻo i loaa ia ia, akā, make ihola i loko o ke kaua o Stamford Bridge i ka 1066. A laila, hiki mai i ka hopena o ka Viking Age. William no ka naʻi aupuni kaulana mai Noremana mai (e like me ia ia iho he mamo o Scandinavian luina) i loko o ka ia makahiki nō lanakilaʻEnelani.