Zhivkov Todor: Kawaihae, ohana

Zhivkov, Todor Hristov ua he Bulgarian politician a me ka luna o na makahiki (mai ka makahiki 1954 a hiki i 1989) o ka Bulgarian Communist Party. Over ka 35 makahiki o ka aoao alakaʻi, ia ua ke kikowaena hoʻoholo-hana ana i keia oihana i loko o ka'āina: Kuhina Nui Kuhina (1962-1971) a me ka lunahoomalu o ka State Aha o ka People ka Repubalika o Pulakalia (1971-1989), oa de E facto aʻo jure, oia ua i ke poʻo o ka moku'āina.

Hawaii, ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka wa opiopio

Ka aina hanau o Todor Zhivkov? Kona Kawaihae hoomaka September 7, 1911 i loko o ka kauhale o Pravets, kokoke Sofia, ma ke kua'āina ohana. I ka 1928, ua hui i ka Bulgarian Communist Kamaliʻi o Oʻahu, a ua pili loa me ka Bulgarian He hana i 'Party (BRP). Ua hana kēia loio i pili aupuni hui ma hope o ka pāpā i ka makahiki 1924, ka Bulgarian Communist Party, o ke kahua ma September 1923 makaukau uprising e hopu ka mana i loko o ke aupuni.

Todor Zhivkov puka 'o ia mai ke Junior kiʻekiʻe kula ma Pravets i ka 1929, a laila, aʻo ma ka 6th (i keia la 10 la) makahiki o ke kula kiʻekiʻe i loko o Botevgrad. A laila, noho iholaʻo ia i loko o Sofia, i kona wahi i puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, alaila, hele aku la i ka hana like typefounder ka Kauhalenui moku'āina pai hale.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka pili hana

I ka 1932 Zhivkov Todor lilo i lâlâ o ka BRP. He koke lilo i lâlâ o ka Sofia Party Komite a me Kakauolelo o ka Apana Komite Buro. Kona lola honua inoa ua "Yanko." ʻOiai Ua banned BRP a a me nā mea a pau'ē aʻe pili paha ma hope o ka uprising o May 19, makahiki 1934, akā, hana mau ia e ka National Ahaolelo, a me Zhivkov ma ka prewar wā i komo i loko o kāna hana, i ka ia manawa me ke kakauolelo o ka Apana Komite o ka CVT ma Sofia. Mai July 1938 i November 1942, oia i peʻe ma kekahi Bulgarian kauhale (Deskot, Lesichevo, Govedartsi) a me kana wahine Maroy Maleevoy, ka mea i hana i loko o ia me ka GP.

Ke hoʻololi i ka poe paio ku e mai i ke aupuni

Iloko o ka Apana World War, o ka rula ana koʻikoʻi a hanohano o Pulakalia alai ae e Tsar Boris he allies o Nazi Kelemânia, haawiia i ke aupuni ?? eoi? E waiho kona poʻe kaua. Bulgarian hao wale kaua akula i hai Yugoslavia a me Greece kaua ma luna o Beritania Nui a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, akā, i ka mea ia manawa Pulakalia i kauoha aku, aole e hele i ke kaua me ka USSR.

Bulgarian Communists me ka hoʻomaka o ke Kaua Honua II, hoomaka ae la e hana i kā lākou mau guerrilla koa. No ka June 1943 Zhivkov Todor i kohoia i ka olelo hooholo o ka Sofia Regional Komite o BRP he lālā o ka limahana o ka First Sofia ke kipi operative ciia. Ka mea, ua geographicallyʻaha hui 'ole' ole. Called. People ka Liberation Army, hanaia i loko o March 1943. E like me kekahi hapa o ka ciia hoʻohana mau kīpoʻohiwi e brigades, he umi iniha, kapuaʻi, a me ka hakakā pūʻulu. Zhivkov i ka hoomana Luna o Staff o ka wahi me he kīpoʻohiwi e "Chavdar", laila pūʻali ma ka ia kīpoʻohiwi e brigade ma lalo o ke kauoha o Dobri Dzhurova hana i loko o ka wahi o Sofia. Ma ka postwar wā, he nui allies Zhivkov brigade "Chavdar" ku ai koʻikoʻi kulana ma ka Bulgarian moku'āina kulanui.

Ke kāʻili 'ana i ka mana ma ka Communists

Ma ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa makahiki 1944 ma Pulakalia hana mau ia e Kelemānia poʻe hao wale i kona allies, eia nae ke aupuni, a koi lākou withdrawal. E ho ohana i keia mea, i ka Soviet aupuni 5 September makahiki 1944, hai mai la kaua ma Pulakalia. September 8, makahiki 1944 Soviet poʻe hao wale o ka Apana Ukrainian Front ma lalo o Ilamuku Tolbukhin a me ka Black Sea'auwaʻa i ke kulanakauhale ma ka Bulgarian Black Sea kahakai, kahi lākou poʻe kaua kaumaha ole e kū'ē'ē mai. I kekahi lā (Kepakemapa 9) Communist kipi ma Sofia, a hookahuli ae la i ke aupuni Muravieva ia i ka lā ma mua o ka hoakaka ana o ke kaua ma ka Soviet Union manao e hai aku i ke kaua ma luna o Hawaii, akā, i ole i manawa e hana ai no ka mea, o ka lohi o ka oihana koa 'Oihana man- akia pili me ka Communists. Inā pili aupuni me ka hana malu Muravieva'ahakuhina nele, makemake i ka Soviet Union e formally lawe mai poʻe hao wale i loko oʻenemi ?? eoi? Ma Hawaii, a makemake i kauoha aku kū'ē mai kona Western allies.

E like me ka hopena o nā hanana o Kepakemapa makahiki 1944 ma Pulakalia no ka hapalua o ka kenekulia i alii iho la oia ma ka Communist Party, a lilo ae la ka luna o ka aina, Georgi Dimitrov, i loko o nā makahiki he umi ma mua o ka kaulana no kona ikaika ma kona naʻau hana ma ka kaulana Leipzig kaʻina. Ma ke kahua hope o ke kaua Bulgarian poʻe hao wale komo i loko o ka mea ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Soviet Union, a komo i loko o ke kaua i loko o Yugoslavia, Hungary a me Austria.

E kū 'aoʻao' oihana ma hope o Sepatemaba 9, makahiki 1944

Mai Sepatemaba i November makahiki 1944 Zhivkov Todor i ka pili aupuni poo o ke kookoo o ka People ka Militia, a lilo iho la ia i ke Kakauolelo ke kolu o ka Sofia City Komite o ka PDU. February 27, 1945, ua lilo i moho no ke Komite Central o ka aoao lālā. Mai January 1948 ka mea, ua i ka mua kakauolelo o ka Sofia City Komite o ka PDU like hoʻi me ka Luna hoomalu o ke kulanakauhale Komite o ka Fatherland Front, ma ka a, koe nae ka Communists, a me ka loaʻa o kekahi'ē aʻe Bulgarian poe. Ma ka lima o ka Ahaolelo Lahui o ka BRP, mālama 'ia ma December 27, 1948, koho' ana i ke Komite Central o ka Party, i hoopaa iho ai i ka inoa o ka Bulgarian Communist Party (BCP). Zhivkov Todor mau hou-koho ia i loko o ka kālai'āina kino o ka BCP, a December 8, 1989, ka wā āna i kipaku mai ia pau.

Way i ka luna o ka 'aoʻao o ka mana

Ma October 1949, Zhivkov alakaiʻaha hui a me ka Instruction Keʻena o ke Komite Central o ka Bulgarian Communist Party, ma January 1950, i lilo kakauolelo o ka Communist Party, a ma November Ua koho oia i ka moho lālā o kona Politburo. Mai July 1951 a hiki i November 1989 Zhivkov - he lâlâ o ka Kalaiaina Buro o ka Party Central Komite. Head o ka Secretariat ka Party Central Komite mai 1953.

Naʻe, ka mea maoli mana i loko o ka aoao,ʻo ia i mālama 'ia ma hope o ka mea April Plenum o ka Central Komite (2-6 April 1956), a hōʻailona i ke kumu mai o ke kanaka cult debunking Vylko Chervenkov hoʻopuniʻana Ally Georgi Dimitrov, ka mea i make i ka 1949. Tchervenkov i 1950-1956 GG. ua i ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina o Pulakalia, a ma ka makahiki 1950-1954 - na mau kakauolelo o ke Komite Central o ka BCP. I loko nō o kona noho aliʻi, ua hōʻike unquestioning aloha i Stalin, mai e simulate i ke kaila o konaʻano a me kona helehelena.

Ma hope o Stalin ka make, i ka mana o ka aoao mai Chervenkov i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻeʻana i Zhivkov. Mua ia i eliminated lapauila o General Kakauolelo o ka Central Komite, a ma hope o ka ono Party Ahaolelo Lahui (March 4, 1954) Zhivkov i koho 'ana i ka lānai hou hanaia lapauila o First Kakauolelo o ke Komite Central o ka Bulgarian Communist Party (paa ia i ke April 4, 1981).

Ka hoʻohui pū 'ia o ka aoao a me ka noho aupuni ana lāʻau kū

Mai ka MH 1946 a hiki i ka makahiki 1990. Zhivkov Ua koho hope o ka National Ahaolelo (hale kanawai). November 19, 1962, oia i UAIAaIN e Anton Yugova like Kuhina Nui kuhina. He paa ana i kēia wahi a July 9, 1971, ka wā āna i UAIAaIN e Stanko Todorov.

Mai ka makahiki 1971, Zhivkov lilo Luna hoomalu o ka lānai hou hanaia Aha o ke Aupuni o ka Repubalika o Pulakalia (ma ka oiaio ke poo o ka moku'āina). He paa ana keia oihana a 17 November 1989.

Pulakaliaʻaneʻane lilo i ka 16th repubalika o ka USSR

December 4, 1963 Todor Zhivkov like me ka BCP Central Komite First Kakauolelo a me ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina kino a hooku iho la ia ma ka plenum o ke Komite Central o ka Bulgarian hoopii i ka hāpai 'ana i ke Komite Central o ka CPSU ma ka ninau o hou hoʻohui, a me ka wā e hiki mai hoʻokuʻi pū o ka People ka Repubalika o Pulakalia a me ka Soviet Union, ana ia i ka 16th repubalika o ka Soviet Union, pela e lilo ai i ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ka aina o ka kuokoa. Central Komite plenum hoonani aku la i ka manaʻo me "he hōʻike kupaianaha o patriotism a me ka internationalism", a e hoala mai i ka "fraternal aloha a me ka hulina alu like 'ana ma waena o mākou aupuni, a me ka Soviet Union i ka hou kiʻekiʻe." Ka hāpai' "e ho okumu hoʻokele waiwai, ka manaʻo politika a me nā ideological rula no ka piha unification o ko mākou mau fraternal aina "ka mea i hoʻoholo like i apono ia ma ka hōʻike weheana ka Ahaolelo a me kino i kakauinoaia e Todor Zhivkov, akā, ua hooleia e ka Soviet Union.

Part i loko o ka suppression o ka Palaka Hao

I ka olelo hooholo ma ka komo o Pulakalia i loko o ke koa 'uao ma hope o ka Palaka Hao i aponoia e ka' Aha o Kuhina, noho ma Todor Zhivkov. Ua Ua puka mai ka luna-malu Aha o Kuhina kanawai № 39 o ka NRB 20.VIII.1968 me ka ways o ka olelo hooholo ma ka palapala o ka "i ka hoʻolako 'ana i koa kōkua i ka Communist Party o Czechoslovakia a me ka Czechoslovak kanaka". Ka oihana hana 'ole i ka 12th a me ka 22th infantry regiments helu 2164 ke kanaka, a me ka pahu battalion me 26 machines T-34.

Removal mai ka oihana

I ka 1989, he helu o ka'āina o ka Socialist e hoʻomoana ai Communists lilo ka mana i ka hopena o ka Hope a me coups, hoʻoili ma ka mau mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka Soviet Union, a me ka hoopau wale kulana o oicyenoaaiiie kākoʻo, mai konaʻaoʻao. Ua i i pakele i ka pono ole hopena a me Pulakalia. November 9 ma ka halawai o ka Kalaiaina Buro o ke Komite Central o ka Bulgarian Communist Party Zhivkov Todor haʻalele mai kona wahi like aoao alakaʻi, i ka ia la ae plenum o ka Central Komite, i aponoia i kona resignation, a waiho aku i ka National Ahaolelo, e hookuu mai ia ia, mai ka lāʻau kū o ka lunahoomalu o ka State Aha. November 17 Zhivkov lilo a me keia wahi. Ma Ianuali 1990, i hopu ia, ia ia a hooku iho la ia i ka helu ana i hoopiiia mai o ka hainā o ka mana. Aie i ka mea i ka mana i loko o Pulakalia i 90 makahiki o 20 ke ala kūpono. malamaia no ka mea mua Communist Party, Kapa hou i ka Socialist Party, 'ole. E, noho i loko o nā lima o ko kaikaina nā hoapili Zhivkov, i kona hopena uaʻaʻole like brutal like me ka luna o ka Lomānia Communist Ceausescu. A hiki i 1996, Zhivkov ua ma lalo o ka hale hopu, o ka hihia e ku e ia ia e hoʻokolokolo sluggish, a me ka hiʻona o ka mua alihi kaua ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o deteriorating-yeiiiie? I loko o ka'āina e ulu ana. Akā,ʻo ia nō maopopo hoaponoia mai ia i ola me ka make. Ma 'Aukake 1998, he iki ma mua o ka makahiki o ka 87, make iho la ia o ka pneumonia.

Todor Zhivkov: Family

Ke politician Ua mare (i July 1938) ma Male-Jivkova Maleeva, ka mea i make i ka makahiki 1971 mai ka maʻi 'aʻai. Ka mea, nāna nō kekahi keiki a me ka kaikamahine. Todor Zhivkov ka kaikamahine Lyudmila (e nānā. Photo ma lalo nei), he kaulana Bulgarian kakaolelo akamai, no ka makahiki eono e like me ke poo o ka Bulgarian aupuni ka Komite ma Arts a me Culture. Ua make i ka 1981, mai ka hahau ana.

Ke keiki a politician Vladimir mea nō e ola ana, o kana keiki i loko o ka hanohano o ke kupuna kāne kaulana i ka inoa o Zhivkov Todor. Moʻopuna o Politika Evgeniya (ke kaikamahine Ludmila Zhivkova) mea he Bulgarian politician a me ka poʻe akamai, eiwa manawa (2001 a me ka 2009) Ua koho 'ana i ka National Ahaolelo.