Zlatoust kila engraving: enehana, mōʻaukala

Chrysostom - He kaona liʻiliʻi i loko o ka Chelyabinsk māhele 'āina me ka heluna o nā emi o haneri tausani kanaka. He mea maopopo loa i loko o ke akamai o na mea kaua, no kakaolelo a me ka Waihona Noʻeau o nā mea kaua kōmi 'ana i loko o na aina a puni ka honua. Ka nani o ke kulanakauhale i lawe mai i ka lahilahi a me ka leo hone i nā pōpō kila engraving, ka penaʻana metala nā huahana o ka maikai loa e like ai. Kings, CPSU General Kakauolelo a me ka Peresidena o ka Russian Hui me he waiwai nui i kā lākou mau haole hoa i kākauʻia i nā huahana Ural haku.

Zlatoust kaha Ua wehi oi lua mea kaua a me nā 'ikamu o ka hale i hoʻolako' ia a me nā mīkini home - poho, uahi paka hoopii, palapala palaoa, pinepine engraving hoʻohana ma o ka hana o ka hoomana mea - chalices, ipukukui, monstrances a me nā uku no icons. Mau mekala, haʻuki Nā Kia - no hoi i ka hua o ka hana o ka mea akamai i.

Melee na mea like me ka mea o ka prestige

Chrysostom - ke kulanakauhale, kahi a lakou i ka puu e pili ana i ka maka.

i manaoia Melee lako kaua e hooko mau hana.

Mua - hooluolu aku au i ka pono no ka Manao iho la ia mea. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia e maʻalahi tochitsya a IeAUPIIe, IAa IO loa aua oe i ka oi, e resilient, ikaika, moderately'ōlewa, aʻaʻole lepo. Lawelawe a me ka wahi - he kaʻawale 'atikala. O kahi momona a mea pepehi Eia kekahi laʻana paa ai i ka ua hoʻokōʻia, hou i ka anatomical 'ole o ka lima, a me ka mea me he mea la he maoli palena manawa o ka lima. Kona wahī, niioaaonoaaiii, - i ka hoomau ana o ka maka. Pono 'ia, a hooko aku la i, ka mea, i ole hoopili aku i ka aahu,ʻaʻole, ua kaumaha kēia,ʻaʻole he paa, aʻaʻole e haule iho la. Ka lōʻihi, kinona, hoʻohei, papa mānoanoa - nā helu.

Ka lua - ka prestige. Mai ke ala ia nana e like me ka huhui, i, e hoʻoponopono i ka hanohano o ka mea nana ka waiwai. No keia kumu, lawelawe a me ka wahi no ka hanohano hoʻonaniʻia me nā pōhaku makamae, ke gula a me ke kālā coinage, kauōʻia mai a me ka palapalaia maluna penei.

Zlatoust pahi i keia la, e like me ka wa pau ole, e hālāwai me nā mea a pau e pono ai o ka hae. Famous ka uku nui loa penei wale nō e ka uuku Workshop i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Ural.

? Iecaianoaaiiuo ke kōmi 'Zlatoustovsky

Ma ka hana ana i kekahi mea nō i nā mea a pau nui a me ke kapuai. No koe a Zlatoust kila engraving. secretion? iecaianoaaiiuo enehana mea ole. Ma ka hale waihona puke, e hiki ke loaʻa alakai makapo ana i na mea a pau. Mea haʻilula keimikala o ka metala oka a pau, na nāʻakika o ka haʻilula etching a me varnishes 'ē aʻe i loaʻa. i aʻo mai Art noʻeau wahi ma Zlatoust lala o ka Ural State University. Mai 1996, i kekahi ke komo i ka hana kūikawā "Technology o oe aaioee o mea."

Akā,ʻo maoli kiʻekiʻe nō - ka mea,ʻaʻole pono 'ana i kūpono. 'Aʻole he chore akā, he hapa uuku wale no o ka Masters kiʻi i loko o Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, a loaa ia hoʻolilo' ia 'ma ka honua Competition. Chrysostom hiki e haʻaheo o.

UK Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha a me Kelemania, e haʻaheo o ka hoiliili ole o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia huahana, a hana i ka Zlatoust haku. He aha mea o ka malu o ka hiʻona? Ka mea i ka i nā mea akamai i ke kumu i nā 'ana i kūpono o ka hana me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me keia luhi a me ka notching, a me ka browning a me ka blackening, a me ka pickling, a me ka electroplating, a me ka taushirovanie. No kekahi manawa kēia manawa i hoʻohuiʻia a me ka pohaku kalai ana, no ka mea, o ka mea Ural gems i loaa loa maikai Kalaiaina. 'āhihi engravingʻelepani me ka pōhaku, i me ka maikai a me ka hoao ana e like me ke kahiko mau mooolelo, i mau i loko o koi. Eia hou, i ka mōʻaukala o ka engraving - o ka moʻolelo o kekahi mau Hawaiʻi nō palapala. Mai ka wanaao o ka keia manawa i ka Ural haku aole i oki iki e aʻo. Piggy i kūpono o ka noʻeau metala aaioee a mau i ka ulu i keia la.

Ke muli o ka lawaia

I ka 1754, ma ka Urals, ma ke awawa o ka muliwai o Ai, i kauoha mai ai Aha manao paa o kona imperial Moi prostroen ironworks hola. Ke kulanakauhale, a nui kokoke, i oleloia ma ka hanohano o St. Ioanna Zlatousta.

E hoonohonoho i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie i ka 1815, mai Hawaii, i ka hola Solingen, i kono maikaʻi mea akamai i - makua kāne a me ke keiki a Schaff, a ekolu makahiki ma hope o ka Emperor ua hiki ke ike i ka hua o kā lākou hana - ka mua'ōhui o umikumamaiwa kōmi 'ana i lawe mai ai i ke kulanakauhale alii. Jobs makemake, a loaa i ka lani kiekie loa apono ia.

Together me Shafami, a ma lalo o kā lākou mau alakaʻi, E ke Kumu iiauo i? Iecaianoaaiiuo loea Ural haku. Lākou mau inoa noho ma ka mōʻaukala me na inoa o na Mamua o ke kaila o ke akamai i kapa e like me ka waihoʻoluʻu kila engraving. It Efim a me Ivan Bushuyeva Maxim Fedor a me Peter Telezhnikov, Arkhip popo Fodor Strizhev, Ivan Boyarshinov a me na mea e ae.

Schaff - adherents o ka Kelemānia mooolelo kahiko. Ka mea, paa ike pehea e nana hemolele engraving. Description o na koi ana o ka hae e ua lawe aku ma mua o kekahiʻaoʻao. Ma ka palena iki, o ka unuhi e nana oukou e like me ka maikai examples zolingenskih haku - e lahilahi, i lalo a me ka monochrome. i Schaff lōʻihi manawa i ae i ka kūloko pili i ko lākou manaʻo i loko o ka hana pono. Ke kumu hoohalike i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia papa kēia kanaka Kelemānia scratched kui kele. Ke etchingʻakika Ua hoʻohana wale me ka hope aaioeeʻanuʻu. Kelemānia mea hana i wehewehe aku e kiʻekiʻe paakiki a me ka fineness. Oeeo loaa loa ka poe liilii, a me ka elaborated. Subjects ma kekahi degere a me kekahi hou.

Ke Kelemānia a noho iho la ma ka hoʻokaʻawale i loko o ke kauhale, a i ole imi i ka pani hui 'ana me na kamaaina. Ka mea hana lole, ua launa, akā, i ka hana mālama aloof a loa reluctant e kaʻana i ko lakou ike.

Zlatoust engraving o ia manawa ke puana recognizable no kilo. Unuhi aku la ia i kau ma luna o ka scabbard a me au. Ka laina i lahilahi, leo hone, he unuhi, he hailona o ke kākauʻana ma luna o ka pahi i nā lāliʻi.

No Lūkini kaila

Na haumana, koe wale no ka poe kii, ka poe i aoia mai Schaffs, hoomaka ae la e eh ÷ ike ai, e hoohuli mai i ke koa a me ka maluhia o ke ola o kona'āina hānau, mythological kanaka - ka mea, i mai makau i ka hōʻike manaʻo ka wā koho gravornoy enehana. Native ano a me? Aaoa o ka Urals ua i hookomo i loko o kā lākou mau nō. Lūkini haku no ka oi o ko lakou mau kumu ma na aoao. Ka mea, aʻo no ka hoʻohana etching e paka kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu a me ka malu. E loli iki ana i ka haku mele 'ana o kaʻakika a me ka lōʻihi o ka Nine Inch naoh, ka mea loaʻa kupaianaha hopena. I ko lakou mau lima, huli Zlatoust pahi i loko o kūlana hana o ke olonā nō, i mea hilahila e lawe mai i ka makana, a no nā aliʻi,ʻaʻole.

Ivanko-Samara

Ka muli o kekahi hanana noʻeau kaila ana me ka inoa Ivana Bushueva pili. He nui i loko o ka ohana o gunsmiths. He aʻo pena i na kanaka hoʻokahi. Ma ka Urals, ua lōʻihi ua hoʻoili ma steelmaking. Ma na mea kanu Demidov smelted mea e hoohehee ai, moʻa i kona iho Damaseko kila, i mea kaua. Ma ka manawa o ka hanana o ka Zlatoust mea kanu mooolelo o ka hana me ka metala i pono loa lakou hana. Ivan Bushuyev - i ka inoa kaulana loa i loko o Zlatoust. He ua incredibly loea a me ka paakiki-hana. Ural haku e pili ana i ka ike a me ka mākau aʻoʻia me ka Kelemānia ano engraving kanaka. He ua he ano akamai ma ka aoao o ka mea hoʻonani. Iho forged kōmi 'ana, a kau aku ma luna o lākou nō. Kana mau hana i mālama i loko o ka Halepaikau o ka Moscow Kremlin. Paul Bazhov immortalized i ka inoa o ka haku i loko o ka moʻolelo "Ivanko-Samara". Ke kaulana eheu lio, he hōʻailona o Chrysostom - i kaʻauhau a me ka mahalo.

Ivan Bushuyev i ka loa keia o ke ano o ke kupono, e akakaʻi Like. Kona ano mea loa recognizable. Bushuevskie huapalapala mea i kūpaʻa, e like me ka ke Kelemānia a. Kona kanaka, holoholona - ola ana. He ole ulia höʻailona o Chrysostom - ua hoʻomaka kokeʻana i loko o ka makani gula eheu lio. Nā kaha Ivan Bushueva pinepine noho lio. Ke kuapo ana o ke poo, ke kulana o ke kino, wāwae, huelo, pepeiao, a hiki oluolu e hooholo i ka mea a ka holoholona Kahalaopuna, ua depicted ma ka artist. Aole anei he anela alakai ka lima o ka haku ia ia i ua paa ana i ke kui kele ma scratched varnish?

ahi na papakaukau,

Ka haku o nā wahi Ivan Bushuyev i hookoeʻaʻole manawa,ʻaʻole hoʻi ke kākoʻo 'ana. He oiaio, invented i kona iaoia iho o ka mea gula huahana.

E ke kumu, ua ike i ka 'ike loea hou a me ka ike ana i ka hana i nā huhui ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, e hoʻomaka ana me ke kaawale ana o na mea i eliia. Ua i alakai fineness mahele heheʻe i ka hana, oia ua hiki ia forge na mea hiki ke hooheheeia, i hoʻouluulu a varnishes no etching ukuhiia, akā loa imua o Ivan nō wahi. He invented moʻolelo, kauo aku la ia ma ka pepa, a laila, hoemiia i ka makemake nui, imu papa, a kau aku ma luna o kona kiʻi. E hoomakaukau ai no ka huina hoonui i ka engraving ua akahele anaiia a me ka varnishing. A laila, he aila-lama a me ka pahi, wahi lole komoʻuʻuku nona me ka ahu iho la ka pouli. Hou mea clamped i loko o ka vise, a unuhi ae la i kekahi kiʻi hāpai. Inā na mea a pau huli mai pono, a me ka moʻolelo pono i loko o ka puali makahiki o ka huina hoonui, ka mea, ua hiki i ka hoʻomaka i ka hapa nui o ka hana. Poino i ka ili zachernonnuyu haku kumu scratched kui kele, ae hookaawale lacquer i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ma hope iho e hoike mai i ke gula i loko o Hereme, a hahao i loko o ka iki suede kieke. Engravable mea ua enaena i ke ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa a me ka ulaula-wela ili o keia kipaku paka kieke. Mercury evaporates a me ka wai gula fused i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Ka ho'ēmi ke kōmi 'a wahi Bushuyev ua holoiʻia mai ka lacquer. Kēia hana i kekahi maʻalahi. ka mea, ua kapaia etching. Ke kaumaha ma muli o kaʻakika haku mele 'ana ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia koe Hue kekahi ano ma mua o ka waihona ipu metala.

Mercury mahu kuu i paio hahana maoli nō, ka loa nā palapala i ke ola. Mau o ka mea akamai i ka wela gula i noho mai ai i na makahiki hookahi kanaha. Ivan Bushuyev make i ka 1835. He ua 37.

Famous hana

Zlatoust haku hana o ka nui hoihoi ole wale ma ka hua'ōlelo o ke akamai, akā, i like palapala mōʻaukala. Ua ola mau kōmi 'ana i loko o ka hapaha mua o ka 19th kenekulia. Ka mea,ʻimi hala ia i'āhihi i pena depicting na kuʻina o ka hana ma mua a hiki i ka nānā aku o ke kumuhana. Keia na mea i eliia hoʻouku a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia smelting a me ka hoike ana i loko o ka punahelu, a hana, a me ka engraving, a me ka haawi ana o ke alii, a me ka hōʻike o ka meʻe. Ke kōmi 'ana i mea i like loa i kekahi i kekahi. Ua akaka no ia i ka mea, i na haku o kekahi kula, akā, hoʻokahi ke ike cherubic keiki, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - maʻamau makua. Old Zlatoust engraving - kahiko, a ua kuaiia loa pipiʻi, o ka oi aku ia oe i manao ia i ka manawa o ka haku ua 'Imi hana i ke gula, i ke kālā a me nā pōhaku makamae. No ka mea e pono ai no kaʻohana aliʻi i loko o nā nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao o Zlatoust kanu mau kauoha i keʻano o nā 'ikamu, me na mea kaua ole wale. Grand Duke Alexander, hoʻoilina a hiki i ka nohoalii Lūkini, Ivan Bushuyev me ka pūʻulu o nā hoa i kapa kila e like medieval. Kēia hanana'ikamu hiki ke ike i kekahi o nā keʻena o ka iau o kūloko o Kaoleioku Chrysostom.

Paulo Petrovich Anosov

Engraving Chrysostom like me ka ke aupuni Lūkini hoolaʻi maalea, aie nui ana i ka hana Pavla Petrovicha Anosova. Kēia kanaka i ka mea nui kēia hopena ole wale ma ke ana a me ka paipai 'ana i nā hana nō, akā, no hoi ma o ka ulu ana o ka hoʻouku hana o na Urals. Loea kanaka mai ka ohana ilihune ma ka ola ua i kona mau hana a me ka talena, me influential Kau waihona a me ka patronage.

Paulo Anosov keiki makua i kakahiaka nui, a me kona kupunakane i ma ka hoʻonaʻauao, a mālama lākou i like me ka mechanic ma ka Izhevsk a me Votkinsk nā hale hana. I mea no ke aha la, aole hoi i loaa hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i kekahi pono ma ka St. Petersburg Cadet mau pūʻali, Paulo Petrovich hele aku la i ka Zlatoust hoʻouku Apana. He hele 22-la makahiki. E hoʻomaka ana me ka loa mailuilu haalele oihana, e hele ana ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o ka 'oihana hulili, Anosov hiki i ke kia o ke Aliʻi o ka mauna mea kanu o ka Hawaiian a me Tomsk panalaau alii kiaaina. He make ma kona makahiki 54 me ke ano o ke kia'āina o Tomsk. I loko o kona ola,ʻaʻole lōʻihi loa, oia ua hiki ke hoala mai, a hoʻomohala i ka hao a me kila hana i loko o ka aina waihoia mai ai ia ia. He ua i ka hoʻouku lunaʻenehana a me ka chemist, aʻo i ke ano o na Urals, a i na mea he nui discoveries ma luna o ka wahi o ka lola honua mea pōhaku hoʻokomo kālā.

I ka 1828, Paulo Petrovich Anosov, ua ua poʻo o ka Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant, ua loaa mai ka hoʻouku Kuhina mea e möhala kila o ka papa 'ano mea i emi iki mahope o ia i ka mea maikaʻi i ike i ka manawa ana o Damaseko, a me Bulat. Arhitrudnaya hana, no ka mea, i ko lakou mau mea huna hikina gunsmiths piously la i ka malamaia no na kenekulia. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka nui o ka noiʻi a me ka experimentation, Paul Petrovich, a me kona nā hoapili loaʻa loa holomua oka a haʻilula i ua hou hoonani aku la lakou i ka mea kanu, a ma ka mea ia manawa, a me ka pau o Rusia. Russian Bulat Anosova hele aku la a hiki i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka pahi.

Mai ka mea i hana Paul Petrovich, ua hiki ke hoole i ka mea e hahai ana kūʻiʻo, characterizing ia me he kupanaha kanaka, a me ka maikai nona.

• Anosov i ka pāpā ma Hereme na papakaukau, no ka mea, he nui nā palapala i ke ola, a auou caiaiai ia me ka electroplated.
• He papahana i nā machines, e kōkua i ka hana ana o na hana.
• Ma o kona alakaʻi o ka hana o ka Zlatoust kanu makahiki hoakaka mau uku aiiia - kekahi lua mua Easter, a ma ke kauwela, i ka wa e ohi ai kau.

• Paulo Petrovich i weheʻana o kekahi kula no na keiki hana '. He hoʻokumu pomaikai no keiki ma lalo o 12 a me nā kaikamāhine - i 18.
• Ma kona Initiative, i ka hana ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka waiwai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia lilo mālama' ia i loko o ka pololei, a me mai, helu o ka hopena o ka noiʻi a me ka ho okolohua. Mua ona, i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka metala no ka pahikaua i kekahi mea o ke kilo, a hele aku ia mai ka haku, e ke Kumu hōʻike waha. Paul iho Anosov kākau ihola a paʻiʻia kekahi mau pomaikai o ka hoʻouku, me metala iho i poe paakiki o kuhiliʻole kila, a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o Damaseko kila.

Bulat ua maikai ma a pau a me ka mea i emi iki mahope o ia ka maikaʻi loa honua hae. Pāhoa staffing e hou ana i, aʻoki mea kaua, koʻi lipi, a me ka pahi kauaʻoi ioioie? Pahi mai ia mea no na kanaka o ke kiʻekiʻe nō. Lākou kahiko waiwai aku i na haneri o na tausani o rubles. Moire hoʻohālana Damaseko maikai me makamae metala. Anosova Artists i ole hoi e ia i ka pena, e kokoke i ke kumu. Nui'āhihi kāhiko noi ma luna o ke kumu a me ka scabbard.

I ka 1847, ua pau i ke au o P. P. Anosova. Hele aku la ia i St. Petersburg me ka ohi ana i pahi kauaʻoi, ioioie? Pahi, poho, cutlery me nā mea e paʻa ai kīkeʻekeʻe me kalaka nui-nā pōhaku o nā Urals, aniani a me nā ahi. Paulo Petrovich manao e hōʻike i kēia mau mea, a ua kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna aupuni e i aeia mai e hoÿonui ai? Iecaianoaaiiuo, akā, i ke alanui ua i loko o ka hau makani ino. Ke kaa e kakaʻa ana ma, kona hoa paopaoia me ka kaumaha pahu, a uhiʻia me ka hau. Ka mea, i noho ai i kekahi mau lā ma ke aloha o ka lokoʻino nā kumumea i ole ka manaolana o ke ola. E like me ka hopena, Anosov seriously mai. He ua hikiʻole ke ola a me ka make ma ka pūnāwai o 1851.

Paulo Matveyevich Obukhov

Ua aneane 15 makahiki Zlatoust mea kanu i koe me ka maikai hoʻokele. Ma ka hapalua like-60s i ka lāʻau kū o ka manakia hoonoho Paul Matveyevich Obukhov. He hoʻokele e lawe mai i ka poe mai o ka hoʻoponopono ulia. Paulo Matveevich ua mai o kaʻohana o nā miners. He loaa i ka 'enekinia, ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka St. Petersburg hoʻouku Institute, mai i kona puka' o ia me ke gula kâlâ keʻokeʻo, a laila, aʻo i loko o Kelemania, a Pelekiuma, like me ka hopena o ka lilo ana i ka pono nā mākau manakia a me ka hoʻokuhikuhi. Ma Zlatoust, oia hou i ke? Iecaianoaaiiie kaʻina alakai ai i ka mea i haalele ai ia Anosov nui 'epekema hoʻoilina, a hoomau iho la oia i kona mau ho okolohua hoomaka ma doping. Pavlu Matveevichu ua aie no ka hanaia'na o ka nou ana la o kila. Ua auou caiaiai i ke keleawe pū kani ahi, a me ka manawa Zlatoust Metallurgical Plant ua lilo he nui wale mai ana o nā kāʻei pū a mea - pū a me nā pūlaipela.

Art nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao 'ē aʻe,ʻaʻole nei. Inā Anosov i loko o nā makahiki,ʻano nui hua mai a me ka damask kila kōmi 'ana, ka Obukhov, a hoomaka ka mana i ka mea kaua hookui i ka nui huahelu o ka hale' ikamu - poho, uahi paka hoopii, ahi, cutlery. Ma ke ala, Paulo Matveyevich Obukhov waiho ai i kona manao ma ka hana ole wale ihola nō kā lākou mau manaʻo no ka hana hou, akā, i ulu a hoʻokō i nā manaʻo Pavla Petrovicha Anosova, malamaia ma ka mooolelo.

Ka Soviet manawa

Ma hope o 1917, ka Zlatoust kanu hoʻomau i ka hana. Ano, hoomaka ae la huʻihuʻi kila e decorate i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni, e hoohuli a me nā kiʻi o nā luna o ka Communist Party. E kau i ka maemae classicism i ka ino kēia. Ke kākauʻana hoomaka ae la e hana ma luna o ke kahe o ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Au i i loko iho iaoia setkografii. I ka mea kākau o ka kaila ua aneane hele. Nā pōpō engraving Ua ulu ma ka nui a me ka huli i Panel. Zlatoust kila huahana poe paahana, e decorate i ka paia o ka lehulehu kulanui. Hou no ka mea galvanic palapala moʻopane o ka 'ike loea hou nikala i kela aoao o ka hoʻomaopopo pono Zlatoust engraving hoʻololi. Oeeo? E emi akaka, eiei nui kākauʻana ma luna o ka hula o ka malamalama a me ka malu. Ka mea, ua hou oukou i kaʻu mea engraving i pena.

Setkografiya apono 'i ka paka nui batches o'ālike Panel. Artists Ua hoolilo ia lakou i ka pua o ke kaulana i pena ma ka maikaʻi-ikeia kākau. Nunui kiʻi o Lenin a me Stalin Ua wehi i ka facades o ke aupuni ma lalo nei. No kekahi manawa, ka makakū manaʻo i ke ala i me mechanical hana.

Ma ka 1960s ola hoihoi i loko o kuʻuna akamai. Mākou hoʻomaka e wehe Vocational a me ke akamai hoi kula. Engraving Chrysostom Ua loaa momentum no ka mea hou ulu ana. Young haumāna puka o nā kula e loaa ana ka hoʻonaʻauao-mea akamai i Artists ka poe i hele mai i ka hola, a ma na nā hālāwai hoʻonaʻauao a ua hanaʻia ka hale 'ikamu, kā lākou mau talena. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, puhi ae i ka inoa o ia hoopai Artists like G. Bersenev A. Bogachev, HI Lohtachova, Averkin O. listen AL.

i hiki mai

I kēia lā, i kekahi ke lohe i ka manao i loko o ka haneri makahiki hope o Zlatoust engraving like me ka ano o ke aupuni e kilokilo ai, a akamai i ka liu o ka pilina. Me keia oe e i makemake i kaʻae. Zlatoust engraving (ka moʻolelo o ka lawaia kaulana keʻae i ka mea,) i loko o ka pau wā o kona ola, ua mau hoʻololi. Initially, ka mea i wehewehe aku e laconic kinona a me vivid kiʻi, ili mai na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mai Solingen, laila, i ka Lūkini haku i hoʻohuiʻia na papakaukau, a me ka dekor enehana'ē aʻe, waiwai mau mea e kukaʻi. Eia, ma ka 20th kenekulia, engraving oluolu i ka manaʻo o ka hanohano oe a ke kemu hou kēia styles.

ua haʻalele mākou i ka mua haneri makahiki he mau inoa o koʻikoʻi Artists. Kā lākou hana hiki ke loaʻa ma ka lima - I. N. Bushuev pena'āhihi i ka theme like o nā kaʻao a me nā koa kaua. IP Boyarshinov aloha hana ma ka imi mea hihiu ana pahi. He kahakahaia ma luna o ia ioioie? Hoohuli mai.

Over ka mea e hiki mai ana haneri makahiki ano o ka engraving ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia Ua hoʻololi e like me e lauwili nohona ola a me kanaka e pono ai. He aha ka mea i kapaia kitsch a me ka consumer waiwai - he maoli hopena o ka lanakila o ka proletarian kipi, a ua equalized a me nā mea a pau ua hoʻohiki ia i kela kanaka keia kanaka me oe e pono ai nā mea a pau. Ke alualu i ka nunui a me ka socialization o ke akamai alakai aku ai i ka mea i ka Nani Loa ke keʻena o ka Zlatoust engraving 'ano hune. Currently, ka no o ka engraving ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia • loaʻa leo o ka elitism. Poʻokela haku ma laila, akā, e like me ka manawa, e hiki ke helu ma kekahi lima. Currently, kiʻekiʻe nō ke ole e make, akā, ka mea hiki ole ku malie - ka mea, e mau ia i? Aneii lepo no nä loea kanaka, a no ka hanau ana o ka hou ano o ke akamai.