Chromium'okesaside

Kekahi mau Nine Inch huina lakou iloko olaila i elua poe noonoo ole hehee wale - Cr a me O, - no a hiki i ka papa o ka'okanikaʻole i huiʻia - oxides. Lākou e like me ka inoa - chromium'okesaside, lawe hou i loko o parentheses Roma numerals hōʻike i ka valence o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia. Other inoa a me kā lākou Nine Inch nā papakuhikuhi:

• chromium (II)'okesaside - chromium'okesaside, CrO;
• chromium (III)'okesaside - chromic uliuli, chromium sesquioxide, Cr2O3;
• chromium (IV)'okesaside - chromium'okesaside, CrO2;
• chromium (VI)'okesaside - chromic anhydride, chromium trioxide, CrO3.

A i huiia ma i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia shestivalenten, a i kiekie'okesaside o chromium. Ua paa, odorless, ma ka helehelena like me ka pouli-ulaula nā pōaka (i loko o ka lewa, hohola mai la lakou aie a hiki i ka ikaika hygroscopic). Molar kaupaona - 99,99 g. / Kameleona. Nuʻa ma 20 ° C like me 2,70 g. / Cm³. Heheʻe wahi - 197 ° C, ka baila aʻela i - 251 ° C. At 0 ° C i loko o ka wai ua hoʻopau 61,7 g. / 100 ma 25 ° C - 63 g. / 100 ml ma 100 ° C - 67,45 g. / 100 ml. Ke'okesaside Ua kekahi mea hoʻoheheʻe i sulfuricʻakika (chromic keia hui, a i hoʻohana 'ia ma ke keʻena hoʻokolohua no ka Nine Inch holoi ana i na ipu) a me ka nitricʻakika, ethanol,'eto me Etera, aceticʻakika, acetone. Ma 450 ° C decomposes i Cr2O3.

Chromium (VI)'okesaside ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka electrolysis (no ka maemae chromium) no ka chromating kiniki huahana, electrolytic plating, like me ka ikaika oxidizing Agena (no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o indigo, isatin). Higher chromium'okesaside ua hoʻohana 'ia no kaʻimiʻana i loko o ka waiʻona exhaled ea. Ke naoh loaa e like me ke ano: 4CrO3 + 6H2SO4 + 3C2H5OH → 2Cr2 (SO4) 3 + 3CH3COOH + 9H2O. Ke alo aku o ka waiʻona Hōʻike he kākoʻo pāʻoihana waihoʻoluʻu loli (huli uliuli).

Chromium (VI)'okesaside, e like me nā mea a pau hexavalent Cr, mea he potent make (lethal mahele lāʻau - 0,1 g). No ka mea, o kona kiʻekiʻe aayoaeuiinoe CrO3 ke kumu no mea hō'ā kaʻa (me ka Naita me ia) ke aloha waiwai , ma ka hui 'ana me ia. I loko nō o ka haʻahaʻa volatility, o ka mea kiekie oia ka chromium'okesaside mea pilikia ina ana, e like me ka mea akemāmā Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Ma ka hui 'ana me ka ili (a hiki ina mea ua wehe koke) ke kumu no mea ukiuki loa, dermatitis, eczema, hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o ka hooulu ana o ka maʻi' aʻai.

Tetravalent chromium'okesaside me CrO2 helehelena o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa i loko o ka palapala o kaʻeleʻele tetrahedral ferromagnetic nā pōaka. Chromium'okesaside i ka molar nui o 4 83.9949 g. / Mol, nuʻa 4,89 g. / Cm³. Ka waiwai heheʻe ka poʻe decomposing, i ka wela o ka 375 ° C. Ka wai Aʻole i hoike mai. Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko oʻume mākenēki i hoʻopaʻa' Media like me ka hana ana i ka waiwai. Me ka hiʻona o ka CD-ROM a me DVD-ROM makou a holo e hoʻohana chromium (IV)'okesaside ua hoʻemi. Ua Ua mua synthesized i ka makahiki 1956 ma ka chemist mai EI DuPont poe Norman L. Punk ma decomposition o ka chromium trioxide ma ke alo o ka wai i ka wela o ka 640 ° C a me ka puʻe o 200 MPa. E like me ke DuPont laikini hoopukaia e Nokia ma Iapana, a BASF ma Germany.

3 chromium'okesaside Cr2O3 mea he maikai-na hua liilii paa mea, mai ka malamalama i ka pouli omaomao. Molar nuipa lākou, 151,99 g. / Mol. Nuʻa - 5,22 g. / Cm³. Heheʻe wahi - 2435 ° C, i hoolapalapa - 4000 ° C. Ke refractive Papa kuhikuhi o ka waiwai maemae - 2.551. Kēia'okesaside mea i wailana i loko o ka wai, ka waiʻona, acetone,ʻakika. E like me ka mea hoʻokokoke mai i ka pa apŘ o ke corundum nuʻa, ka mea, ua lawelawe ia ma mea haʻilula keimikala anaiia konohiki (e laʻa me, kāpili GOI). 'O kēia kekahi o nā kumu o oxides o chromium, a ua hoʻohana i ka pigment. No ka mea manawa mua loa ma ka 'enehana malu ka mea i loaa i ka 1838 ma ke ano o ka aniani moakaka hydrated palapala. Ma ke ano maoli, i loaʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka chrome hao e hoohehee ai FeO • Cr2O3.

Divalent chromium'okesaside - paaʻeleʻele aʻulaʻula ano me ka mahele heheʻe i ka wahi o ka 1550 ° C. Heheʻe me ka decomposition. Molar kaupaona - 67,996 g. / Mol. Chromium'okesaside (II) o ka ula ano mea ole pyrophoric, a me ka ia waiwai mea heʻeleʻele pyrophoric. He lepo lā ignites spontaneously ma ka lewa, pela ka mea, hiki ke waiho waho ma lalo o kekahi papa o ka wai wale, e like me ka mea aole e launa pū 'ana me ia. Black'okesaside o ka chromium ka loa paʻakikī i loaa i loko o ke gula palapala.

No ka chromium'okesaside me ka haʻahaʻa valence typical walaʻauʻana waiwai, a no ka mea'okesaside me ka valence kiʻekiʻe -ʻakika.