Clostridium botulinum. botulinus

Ma ke ao nei, ua nui okoa mea koʻohune nā mea palahēhē. Ka mea, oko mai kekahi i kekahi maʻiʻaʻai maomeka o ka maʻi a me nā nuances. Ma keia 'atikala au makemake e kamailio ma au mamuli e pili ana i ka clostridium botulinum - ka causative Agena o ka maʻi e like me botulism.

About maʻi

Ma ka hoʻomaka, e pono e olelo aku i kekahi mau olelo e pili ana i ka maʻi i ke kumu o ka bacterium. No laila, botulism - he nui ai kaʻapu kōheoheo. He huʻi, pinepine i ka mea ia manawa e loli ai ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e i lōlō. Ua loaʻa he fecal-moʻolelo ala hele o ka EYI.

Mea makemake ia i ke kumu o ka inoa. Mai Roma translates like botulism sausage (botulus). A pau no ka mea, ua, ua loaʻa i ka muaʻikepili pathogenic koʻohune i loko o kēiaʻai huahana (e like me ia ma na kino o na kanaka make ka poe mua ai ua hoʻohaumiaʻia sausage). Loa pinepine keia maʻi ua wahi i ka hokii o ka iʻa a me ka Hama kapiia lakou a pau, a paka.

A wahi moʻolelo

No ka mea mua manawa clostridium botulinum - ka causative Agena o ka botulism - Ua hōʻike hoʻi i loko o 1896 i nä känaka 'epekema E. van Ermengemom. Ua hiki wale i ka manawa o ka ikaika o ka outbreak. E like me ua oleloia, keia pathogen i ua kaʻawale no ka mea, o Hama, e like me, mai na kino o kanaka, ka poe e ai ia mamua. A iki ma hope, ka mea i loaʻa i ka microorganism maupaʻa ewalu serovars i oko ma antigenic 'ole toxins (a e hoolilo i ko lakou iho). I kā mākou nui nā toxins, haawi ia ia e like me A, B a me E. naʻe, ka mea e e olelo mai la i na toxins a pau hiki ke neutralized wale ma homologous lāʻau lapaʻau.

helehelena

Ua nana e like clostridium botulinum? Pela, ke bacterium mea he 'ano nui koʻokoʻo hopena ua iki ua hoʻokōʻia. He kokekau wale kona nui - 4-9x0.6-1.0 microns. Ma ke kino ka mea, i kahi o 35 flagella peritrichous ke aupuni '. Hiki hana spores. Koʻokoʻo no ka hoopaapaa mea he iki e like me ka Hana racket.

maikaʻi ana

He aha na kumu e maikaʻi no ka clostridium botulinum? No laila,ʻo kaʻoi loa mahana no ko lakou ulu ana - ma kahi o 35 ° C. Eia naʻe, koʻohune ke hoʻonui i ka mahana huahelu o mai 10 a hiki i 55 ° C. Ua Ua maikaʻi mahi microorganism:

1. I waena o Kitty Tarotstsi. Kēia mauʻai-peptone kai inā i ake sausage ka ai a me ka monakō koko.
2. I ka ai a me ka iʻa nā pōʻalo.
3. Kahi malaila mea he lehulehu kiʻekiʻe o ka holoholona kumuʻiʻo.

Bacterium ke hoolaha hoi i loko o nā hana kūpono. No laila, i ka loa pono - monakō koko a me ke koko Hagara (i loko o kēia hihia, na koʻohune e hoohalike ai'āpana o ka papapa a me ka hulu hipa). Naʻe, ka mea hiki ke proliferate i loko o ke kinowai meakino. Ma ia i ka hihia, ai ka homogeneous sludge ua hana, a ma hope o kekahi mau 'manawa kulu precipitate ma ka lalo o ka Tube.

E lulu aku hoi

Auhea ka mea, he pono ole bacterium clostridium botulinum? Ke'ī mai, ka "okupe" ma luna o ia mau mea hiki e aneane anywhere. Loa pinepine, e wae i ka kēia mau wahi no kaianoho koholā clostridia:

1. Nā liʻiliʻi o ka iʻa, holoholona, a me ka pūpū.
2. Ka lepo (microorganisms, e hele pu me na faeces).
3. Food. No pilikia ma keia hihia no ke kanaka i ka lau, Fish, ai a me ka iʻa mau kiaha.

I ka lepo ola maikaʻi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē ma mua o ka vegetative pepa o koʻohune. Nā spores ke ola mahope aku o hooloihi ae i desiccation, ke kūpaleʻana i -250 ° C, nā kapuahi e mai kekahi i eono hola. A hiki i ka phenol pāʻoihana (5%) koʻohune spores ke koe viable i 1 lā. A lohe o nā kapuahi e luku i ka toxin no ma kahi o 10 minuke.

kumupaʻa

Just pehea mau nō ka botulism? Microbiology paipai i ka microorganism iho hoi okoa, i loko o kekahi mau Hawaii.

1. Spore palapala. Ma keia hihia, clostridia e loa hoʻopale i nāʻano likeʻole o ka mawaho hou. I ka wela o ka 6 ° C ke ola no ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina, ma reflux o ka 100 ° C wale pepehi i loko o hoʻokahi hola i ka wela o ka 120 ° C - no kekahi hapalua hora. Nā spores e hoʻopale ai i ke kūpaleʻana, i hooleiiaʻi mawaho kaola, ka maloʻoʻana. Like no ka disinfectants, laila formalin (20%) pāʻoihana e pepehi aku i ka koʻohune no nā lā,'eto ka waiʻona - no elua mahina, a me ka hydrochloricʻakika pāʻoihana (10%) - hoʻokahi hola.
2. Ke vegetative palapala. Ma keia wahi, Clostridia i loa kūlana. I ka wela ana o 80 ° C hiki ke make i loko o hoʻokahi hola.
3. Like no ka toxin, ka mea hoi i ka ia me ka mea vegetative palapala. Ma 100 ° C no 10 minuke, ka toxin hiki ke neutralized. Ka pilina paʻa i loko o kaʻakika 'ia, akā, hiki ke neutralized i loko o kona'ākilikai. Ma ka gastrointestinal'āpana o ka toxin me ka nui loa ho'ēmi i kā kona hope. Naʻe, a me ke koe o ka 'ano E botulism, a, ma ka mea ku ole, ia mea i loko o ke kanaka gastrointestinal'āpana i loko o 10 000 manawa hou kaila.

Where hiki botulism hohola? Microbiology, lapaʻau e olelo aku i ka hapanui o na nā mea maʻi i loaʻa i loko o kēlā'āina kahi kanaka i hoʻohana 'ia ai ai' ole canned ka iʻa. Seasonality ma keia hihia pili '. Ua mea i kumuʻanoʻole maoli makahiki, hoohanau, ano o ke kanaka ili. O ka mea hiki ke lilo mailoko o.

pathogenesis

Botulism - He nui ai kaʻapu kōheoheo, a hiki ana ma hope o ka hoopau ana o ua hoʻohaumiaʻia clostridia a me kā lākou mau toxins ai (ka toxin ua hookuu i loko o ka hihia ma ka microorganism komo ka anaerobic āina a puni, a hoomaka konaʻeleu nā'ōlelo). Ua nui loa ka noonoo ana i ka hihia o ka maʻi e like me botulism, ia mea he neurotoxin. He nui ke olelo aku i ka mea, o ka loa mana o nā mea a pau? Ueony liluwelo hoomake iho no hoi. E like me kānakaʻepekema, ka mea, he 375 mau manawa houʻawahia, a nui ino o ka rattlesnake. Inā e loaʻa ka mea make i loko o kona maʻemaʻe ano wale nō i loko o ka 1 mg e komo mai i 100 miliona lethal nā māhele o keʻokeʻo keʻena hoʻokolohuaʻiole. Like no ke kanaka, a laila, e make kānāwai ma hope, inu wale 0,001 mg neurotoxin.

About neurotoxin

Me ua i haiia ae maluna, o ka bacterium clostridium botulinum pee ikaika a me ka weliweli neurotoxin e poses ka hoʻoweliweli 'ole wale i ka ola akā, no ke ola. Ua E hoi aku nei au i keia toxin mea thermostable. I ka naʻau liʻiliʻi Ua flagged like prototoksina ma ka noho pilikia microorganism hoopahaohao ma hope o aaioee uuku liʻiliʻi nā'ūhū. I ka ia ole digestive nā'ūhū hale lio. Kiʻiona hiʻona: hoʻomaka koke paka i loko o ke koko, i mua i loko o ka lālā luna loa o ka gastrointestinal'āpana. Me ke koko hohola ma ke kino, noho ana ma neuromuscular synapses.

toxin hana a ke kahua

Oe e hai aku no hoi oe i botulinum toxin i kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ekolu o ka hana:

1. Reversibleʻanuʻu (i loko o ka hihia o antitoxic lāʻau lapaʻau). Neurotoxin e hoopaa ana i kekahi mea loaʻa.
2. Neʻe maila i ke toxin i loko o ka hapa koʻana koko o ka halepaahao neuromuscular huina. No keia anu u, i ka mahana mea nui. Ka loa ia ke kahua o trudnoobratimoy.
3. Lytic pae. Ma keia hihia, e paa ana ālai 'toxin i loko o ka Muscle nā aʻalolo toxin. Eia, a ma laila nō i ka papa kuhikuhiE symptoms o botulism.

'ano o ka botulism

I ka 'inikua hana distinguishes eha ka papa kuhikuhi hoailona ia mea o ka botulism:

1. Food, a Classic. Maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ ma ka hoopau ana i ka ai i kekahi i kekahi toxin.
2. Eha. Kēiaʻano o ka maʻi ua pili i kanaka colonization o kaʻeha ili honua.
3. Keiki botulism. Kēia pathological koʻohune maʻiʻaʻai o ke keiki pēpē ka naʻau liʻiliʻi.
4. Ka maopopo Mea Maluna. Ma keia hihia, kauka hiki ole ke olelo no kaʻoiaʻiʻo i ka ua i ke kumu no ka maʻiʻaʻai me kanaka botulism.

About maʻiʻaʻai

Like pono ka mea, he kanaka maʻi botulism? Pehea o ka maʻiʻaʻai? Mua o nā mea a pau ia e e kaulana ia ia mea hiki ole ke lilo iho mailoko me ka clostridia, mai ke kanaka. Naʻe, i ka microorganism komo i ke kanaka kino ma ka ai i ua ua hoʻohaumiaʻia me ka iho mailoko o ka lepo a me faeces. Eia, no ka mea, o ka muli o ka maʻi, i ka koʻohune mea i kūikawā hana hea pono. Penei, ina i ohi ia ma mua lalau ai aaioee, he microorganism spore koke huli i loko o ka palapala i mea nui hoʻopale i ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa. Ma hope o sayings spores hoʻomaka e hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka vegetative moku'āina, a me ka wā he mea kekahi e auaaeaiea clostridia lethal toxin. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka microorganism mea makau o ka hamama ka oxygen. Hai hahana maoli nō kēia o ka ai mea no hoi e hiki ke pepehi i ka pathogenic bacterium (e pono ai no ka luku mahana o ma kahi o 750 ° C). Next ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ai i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, a me ka maʻi hoike mai ai ia ia iho he koke.

incubation au

Botulinum toxin ma hope o ke komoʻana i ke kino hoʻomaka e hana koke. Kēia ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka mua 8-22 hola ma hope o hokii, a ua hoʻohaumiaʻia ai. Naʻe, i ka awelika manawa -10-12 hola.

Ka lapaʻau kiʻi o ka maʻi

He aha ka hana a hiki i ka kanaka kino ma hope maʻiʻaʻai ma keia bacterium? No laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ka symptoms mea i 'ano like ke gastroenteritis (li nui o ka mucous membranes o ka liilii, a me ka naʻau liʻiliʻi'ōpū). I ka papa kuhikuhiE symptoms mea i botulism bacterium:

1. Abdominal eha, kaʻoi loa i loko o ka piko. e hoomahuahua i ka eha, E lulu aku hoi.
2. Ka wela ana, aole e ala.
3. Ke noho nei i ka 20 manawa no ka lā. Hiki e lua, copious, i loko o ka palapala o ka laiki kai.
4. Ke mau nawaliwali o ke kino.
5. Ka luaʻi.

Ka luaʻi, a pinepine paholoi ke alakai i ka nui dehydration. Ma ia ka hihia, e ikea convulsions, he mea ka hopena o wrinkles ma luna o ka maka, a me ka 'ē aʻe ili. Loa pinepine, nalo na symptoms ma hope o kekahi mau lā. A kanaka manaʻo i akaaka malu maʻamau intestinal maʻi palū. Akā, ia no hoi ka hana ana i nā mea a pau no ka pono a me ka hoʻokēʻai nā kūlanaʻelua. I kekahi manawa, he kanaka i i ka noho a me ka luaʻi me ke koko, i ka mea ia manawa hiki e kaumaha loa eha. A pau e pau a hiki i ka make ma muli o ka hanana o intestinal necrosis.

outbreaks

hiki pinepine Where oe hopu i ka maʻi, e like botulism? Photo foci he multiplicity o ka maʻiʻaʻai, akā loa pinepine ka mea, ua hana hoʻomoʻa kukuluia'na, o ka oi aku ina he kanaka i pau ai holoholona nā polokina.

Kāohi

He aha nā mea hoʻomakaʻala ke hoomalu kanaka mai ka maʻiʻaʻai me keia bacterium?

1. Hiki pepehi botulism baila aʻela i. No laila, ma mua ka lawe i kekahi canned ai, ia mea maikai, e'ōhinu no ma kahi o 15 minuke. Kēia, e hiki ai i ka toxin e'opi. Oe i hiki ole hoopau ia canned ka ai, i ke poʻi o ka a ua pehu.
2. Ke bacterium ma o na la botulism, make ma haʻahaʻa mahana. Inā loaʻa, ai a me ka iʻaʻai mua imu mea pono e pa ahau. Hoahu ia e like me ka mea maikaʻi i ke anawela ma lalo + 10 ° C.
3. No pono e hana akahele Fish. A pehea kēia nui ka mea, hiki e (particles) o ua hoʻohaumiaʻia lepo clostridia.
4. People Ka mea i ai i ka ia ka ai, e like me ka hana ino me ka botulism, e ia ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o kauka. No hoi, ka mea, e like me ka kāohi ana e komo i ka amniotic protivobotulinicheskuyu lāʻau lapaʻau a me chelators.

Outlook

ʻO ia ke pau i kēia maʻi, e like botulism? Photos o nā mea maʻi kahiko, uaʻokoʻa. Kēia mea pehea e pakele ana i ka maʻi kanaka a me ka make kino. Ka hope ha i mea hiki wale ina ka hoʻomanawanui 'aʻole i hoʻolako' āwīwī kūpono malama. Me ka lapaʻau, botulism i ke kanaka ka ola i loko o 30-60% o ka hihia.