Golden Trail ma Kiev. Golden Trail - he kia hoʻomanaʻo o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o Kievan Rus

Kiev - kekahi o ka loa nani kulanakauhale ma Europe, i mea piha ka hana hoihoi hoi na mea makau. A no ia, ua like me ka makaikai i loko o ka wahi mua, oiai ma Kiev? Golden puka! Kēia hanana kia o kahiko kuhikuhipuʻuone e ia i kekahi o ka mea mua i loko o keia papa!

General ano o ke kia

Ma Kiev, Golden mau puka pā i kekahi o na kumu nui hōʻailona o ke kapikala a me kona poʻe e noho ana. All hoa i mua o nā mea a pau ana i keia mea.

Nikolai Zakrevskii hookahi kapa i kēia kia "priceless hooilina grandeur o kahiko Kiev". I ka mālama '-Mongol manawa ma Kiev Gula Trail lawelawe' ana me he kikowaena'īpuka a hiki i ke kulanakauhale. Kēia inoa hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha ka mea, loaa like i ka Constantinople Gula puka. Ua hiki e wahi i kekahi Competition, a i wahi ma waena o nā superpowers elua o ka manawa.

Golden Trail ma Kiev: o ka mōʻaukala o ke kia

Ke mau lā o ke kūkulu o ka Golden puka kākau moʻolelo, Eia naʻe, mai e ike. Ka mea mua i kākau 'olelo ai o ia nā lā hoʻi i ka 1037. Ka hapa nui o na haumana e ihola i ka manaʻo i ka hana ana o ke Gula puka ma Kiev hoomaka ma ka 1017 a he ehiku makahiki.

Ua lilo kēia mau puka pā Central (parade) e komo aku i ke kulanakauhale kahiko. He ma ia ma Kiev hiki mai ma hope o nā'āina, a me kekahi mau hoa. Ma waho aʻeo ia Golden, i ke kulanakauhale i kekahi Ua Lyadsky a me Zhydivsky ipuka. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau hale a hiki i kēia lā, aole i ka malamaia. Lyadsky puka e komo ai, ma ke ala, ua aia i loko o ke kēia Independence Square.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea wale ke Gula puka he pohaku (ke koena - mai ka laau), e iaʻaneʻane impregnable i ka manawa. Ua ua ike ia i ka Batu Khan i iʻaʻa e uhai i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o keia aoao, ma ka hele ana no ka hoao o Kiev Lyadsky Khreshchatyi puka a me ka pā o ke awawa.

Ua nana aku la e like me ka Golden puka?

Ua ua i ike i ke ano o ka ua i ka puka ma ka Yaroslav ka Wise. Eia naʻe, mahalo i ka noiʻi a kakaolelo e hoʻokele, e kiʻi i ka kiko'ī kiko'î o ka hale. Pela, ke kikowaena puka halekiai i ke kiekie o ka 13 mika, he akea o 10,5 a me ka lōʻihi o 17,6 mau mika. Ua ua iʻike i ka puka ekalesia aia ma luna o ka hale kaua. Penei, o ka huina o kiʻekiʻe o ke Gula puka i 32 mau mika.

Ma hope iho o ka hopu ana o Kiev ma ka Mongols (1240), a me ka XVI kenekulia, keia kuhikuhipuʻuone kia uaʻaʻole i loaʻa i loko o kekahi o nā kākau moʻolelo. Akā, kekahi kumu o ka XVII kenekulia mea, ua kamailio e pili ana i ka mea i ke Gula puka mea i loko o ka dilapidated ke ano. Ma kekahi, Martin Gruneveg i ka 1584, ke hoole i i "ke Gula puka nō e kū ana i loko o Kiev, akā, ka hapanui o ia -. Luku"

? Aeiino? A me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ke kia

Ka mua ho'āʻo e mālama waiwai aia i loko o ka 30-ies o ka XIX kenekulia. Pela, ua uhi i nā mea hina me ka turf, a ua hoopihaia me ka pāʻoihana o limestone nā pā. I ka makahiki 1837, lunaʻenehana Mehovich hooikaika i ka pa hikina o ka puka pā ikaika buttresses. Naʻe, ke kia hoʻomanaʻo mau i ka'opi ma lalo o ka aoao o ka lewapuni kimu. A laila ka mea i hoʻoholo i kūkulu ma luna o ka puka kahiko o ka lānai, a makemake ole hoʻopale wale ia, akā, i ka palapala ano o ke Gula puka, e hoʻihoʻi aku.

? Aeiino? Hana he mau hana pono ia ke hoʻoholo 'ia ma 1982. E kuhikuhi i ka hana hoola hou Lopushinsky E., S. a me N. Vysotskii Holostenko. Mahalo i ka? Aeiino?, E hoʻokele i ka mua ano o ke Gula puka, e hoʻihoʻi: crenellated halekiai kiekie o 14 mika i kūkulu, a me kaʻaoʻao - Ua pipili he uuku hale kiaʻi i loko o ka palapala o ka wānana. Ma ka kekahi lima kuni ihola ia i ka hana o ka ke eaʻe puka maoli, no ka laʻana poe i i ua malamaia ma Suzdal a me Novgorod.

E kukulu hou ia, a puka ekalesia i loko o ka palapala o na¯ haʻawina luakini. Ua Ua hoʻonaniʻia me ka Nani Loa pōhaku lepo lauana, typical o na facades o na hale o ka Kievan Rus. Ma ka papahele o ka ekalesia i meaʻai me mosaics, e simulate ka wa papahele o St. Sophia.

Ka Metro ia hoonoho ai i "Golden puka"

Kiev - mea ole Pohon, kahiko hale, na ekalesia, a kahiko mau alanui wale no. He loa he laekahi 'kulanakauhale me alanui, na alahaka a me ka nui Metro nenoai maʻEulopa. I ka lā, i ka Kiev Metro maupaʻa laina ekolu (elua hou - papahana) me 52 koa ahi. Ma ka ia 'atikala, He mea pono paha e hōʻike wale nō ma kahi o kekahi o lakou, i kahi e kokoke i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i, e like me ka ho'ākāka' ia ma luna. Kēia - ke koa "Golden puka".

Kiev Ua makaukau e makemake iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me kona nani, ma luna,ʻaʻole wale nō lepo akā, i lalo ia. A me keia wahi i ku ai - he maopopo e hooiaio ai! He He papa inoa o ka loa nani kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho wahi i loko o ke ao nei,ʻaʻole hoʻokahi. Kekahi mau authoritative ka lehulehu ākea ( "The Kahu" i ka 2014, "Bootsnall" i ka 2011 a me "kela la i keia Telegraph" i ka 2012) i ka Kiev ia hoonoho ai i loko o kā lākou mau lākiō i.

Ua Ua hahao i loko o ana i ka 1989. All vaults loko i hoʻonaniʻia me ka mosaic kiʻi a me nā mea e nani ai, a pau o ka a - ua ole hai. A ina e holo alaʻokoʻa i ke koa i loko o ka clockwise ala e hiki aku, e hiki ke maopopo Hahai I kokoke i ka anai mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale kahiko. Ma keia - i ka papa kuhikuhiE Kahiāuli Ho'ā o ka Metro ku "Golden puka". Kiev a me kona kūpono 'ana i ke ala loa hamama no iauaeoia oo? Ecia hohonu lola honua a pau.

Mōʻaukala o ke koa "Golden Trail" ka loa pīhoihoi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea, ua hoʻonaniʻia i loko o Ukrainian hoolaʻi kaila, a me ke kiʻi o ka ekalesia, a ua unacceptable ma ka atheist Soviet moku'āina. Akā, pehea hiki e keia hiki i ka 80 o, ka wā kūkulu i wahi? E like me ka mea huli mai, ka mea, ua i ka mea o ka wale.

Authors o ka papahana - Vadim a me Boris Zhezherin - hunaia mai ka Luna kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o ka mea i loko o ka manao o ka wā e hiki mai ku e e ike "impermissible" excesses. Penei, ka mea, waiho wale lakou ia lakou iho i ka nui kamepiula, e like me ia ma ka Soviet Union no keia hiki ke loaa, a me ka nui wā. Naʻe, ka mea maoli hana o ke koa, i lilo ai wale i ka 1989, ka wā o ka Soviet'ōnaehana Ua kokoke 'ole-existent. Penei, i ke kūlanakauhale, i ke aloha a hiki i ka ikaika Zhezherin, he fantastic wahi i ku ai i ua hoakaka ke kemu i ka authenticity o Kiev - ka makuwahine o Lūkini kulanakauhale.

I ka paka a puni ke Gula puka

Inā 'oe OAAIeOO mai o ka luna koa, oe e loaʻa ia oe iho ma ka nani a me ka loa oluolu ieie-paka e poai puni i ke Gula puka. Kēia pāka He He panorama hē, me ka i ia mea paakiki e noonoo ai i na i ka 'ole kahiko o ke kulanakauhale.

Ka paka ui loa pono kia hoʻomanaʻo i Yaroslav ka Wise. Aia He mau he hailona o iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me ka ano o kanaka holidaymakers a pau ka makahiki a pau.

kahi o ka hopena

Mana muliwai Dnepr, kahiko luakini, na hale a me ka mōʻaukala, kū hoʻokahi kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i - keia a pau, o ka hana ana, o ma Kiev. Golden Trail - he waiwai moʻomeheu mea, kekahi o na kahiko hale a ma ka hikina Europe, i mea e pili ana i ka hoʻolauleʻa kona Ka Wā Kaukani! Oiai ma ka Ukrainian paukü, e e kuhikuhi, e kipa i kēia kekahi kia.