Heluhelu papa Brodsky: hōʻike manaʻo

List Brodsky - He aha ka mea? Kēia mea,ʻaʻole pono i ka papa inoa o nā puke, i hanau i ka hahau ana o ka peni i ka poʻokela haku mele a me ka essayist. Ua mea i konaʻaoʻao iho o ke aʻo 'moʻokalaleo. Ua Ua hoʻomākaukau leʻa no ke kanaka e noho ana i loko o ka 70-ies o ka hope kenekulia. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, pono i heluhelu kanaka i ka puu o ka maikai puke ma mua e lilo ana i ka haku mele a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Brodsky noʻonoʻo i ka waiwai a me ka pono o aesthetes o kona hanauna i na kanaka o kona hanaʻiʻo akula nō "n? Ma kilo," wālua i ke alanui no ka hoʻokumu o kaʻenemi manaʻo kanaka, ma ka rula, o ka totalitarian kaiapuni.

Iosif Aleksandrovich - he mea kupaianaha kanaka. Ua kū hoʻokahi a me kona Kawaihae. Aole anei o ka mea, ka mea nana i kekahi mea e like ma ka hana alanui - i e ka haku mele a me ka essayist nana i hana ka poʻe no nā ku pono ana i Hawaii, o ka USSR, a me ka USA, a me ka hala ana o ka haku mele i ka hopena, e e kanuʻia i loko o Venice, ka aina hanau o ka pakebona, a me ka X māhele o ka Roma aupuni a pau !

Nadezhda Mandelstam, he kūpuna wahine nana i kekahi manawa, ho'āʻo e wńnana i ka hopena o ka opiopio Brodsky: "He -ʻoluʻolu ... liʻiliʻi, akā, I Ka Nani makaʻu mea e pauʻino." A no laila, ka mea, ua me Iosifom Aleksandrovichem: i loko o ka USSR, e oki ae, e kala aku, a lailaʻo ia i loko o ka United States.

Brodsky iaia wale aku

List Brodsky ua ikeia e ua, ua kākauʻia e ia i loko o ka waena o nā seventies o ka hope ke kenekulia, oiai ke koi emigration i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Over o ka moana, ia i noho i loko o ke kūlana o ka elima Amelika kulanui Kumu. Ka paha o kālaiʻike aʻe o ke kanaka hana i loko o ka hoʻoponopono-hoʻonaʻauao i ka 15 makahiki, ua he precedent no iaia o kona ikaika intellect.

Ma ka US, Kumu kūpono noho i loko o nā kūlanakauhaleʻekolu: mua ma Ann arbor, a laila, New York, a mahope - ma South Hadley.

Ke ana o ke koho ana o puke i loko o ka papa inoa o Brodsky

Ke kumu Aʻole ole wale imi e huli kona nā haumāna i loko o kanaka iā Kalani i loko o ka moʻokalaleo. He ho'āʻo e hoʻololi lākou e pili ana i ka 'ōlelo.

Ka wahi ho omaka oia hoʻomohala i ka Roadmap no na ukali (Brodsky papa) mea he quotation, mai ka poem ma ka Briton William Auden ka "I mea e hoomanao o U. B. Yeytsa", i hākālia nō ia wale i ka ulu 'ano o ka' ōlelo hiki "plunge", "incite" ke kanaka i loko o ka poetic nō.

A me ka hoʻokō i keia uhane hana, i hoʻoulu i ka makemake no ka pakiko-hoʻonaʻauao, ole i ke Akua. 'Amelika Kumu o Soviet me Kinohi haumāna kuai ai, mai eccentric nani. He ua he kumu o nā hana, pono nā haumāna makakū heluhelu i ka ai iiiaanoaa o nā'āpana, kēlā o kēia mau keiki kanaka i ka puliki i ka mea kākau o ka aesthetics. Loiloi i akamai kumu kiʻina aʻo lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe Kumu e ole ia mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka haumāna, a mai ka oiai o ka haku mele-hana.

Hoohalike o ka 'ōlelo me ka Alpha a me ka Omega o lilo i ka haku mele

ʻO wai ka mea i he nui pilikino poetic ka hoao ana, a lōʻihi, e malama abreast o ka honua moʻomeheu, Iosif Aleksandrovich convincingly ua kūkākūkāʻia i ke kahua o ka haku mele, aole ia i hele mai mai ka "makewai no kaʻike hoʻokumu" aʻaʻole ma ka ike naʻauao o nā kānāwai o ka hanaia'na o poem. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ia i kekahi kanaka, e like me Brodsky, Ua pono "i kekahi ano o ka 'ōlelo." Ole ia ia, Ua make poetry.

Russian-olelo ana Internet mea hoʻohana i kekahi manawa ka hoike bewilderment e kupu ana ma muli o ia i ka wa e kaawale aku i loko o ka papa inoa o na hana o ka haku mele Pushkin, Lermontov, ike ia me kekahi ano o ka pili insinuations. I aku o ka lanakila, nae, ia mea olelo lealea no ia i ke komo.

Aia hoʻi, i ka papa inoa o Brodsky palapala iho la kekahi kumu Amelika i kana mau haumana. A me nā haumāna kekahi i maoli English 'ōlelo. No laila, ke papa kakauia mai e ka haku mele, me nā kākau hōʻike, gravitating i ka Western nā loina. Ma ka hopena, ua mea e'Āhewa: i ka haku mele, "ka poe i hele kāmaʻaʻole ma luna o ka pahi kahi ka lihi" a "ana i loko o ke koko o na uhane ola," E ke lohe i ka hale, ike iho la, ike iho la ka mea, ua i kona mau kanaka. A laila, makemake Brodsky i hopuia a a hoʻokuewa wale ', a me ia e ua palapala i ka papa inoa no Lūkini-e olelo ana i nā haumāna. A ma ka la mahopeʻiʻo ka mea nona Pushkin, Lermontov, a he nui na mea e ae ...

Brodsky a me ka hoʻomaka o poetic ha awina

Iosif Aleksandrovich i ole e i ka malu ma lalo o ka laka, a ua ki nei i ko lakou ala i loko o poetry. Ua haʻi i nā haumāna i loko o kona wa opiopio, makahiki o ka 15, i palapala mai poetry sporadically a randomly. Once, ia ia i 16, oia hoʻolālā i loko o ka 'ā ina huakaʻi. Aʻu i hana ma ka Pākē palena, a hiki i ka apana akau. Amur.

Ka huakaʻi, oia heluhelu i ka buke o poetry Baratynsky, ka haku mele o ka XIX kenekulia (÷ ino Pushkin). He ka poetry o Yevgeny Abramovich i loko o ko lākou hopena ma Brodsky mana o kona "ano o ka 'ōlelo." Manaʻo o kaʻike hoʻokumu Baratynsky ua paipaiʻia iā ia e ulu, alakai aku i ka haku mele, e kākau i ka poem maikai maoli.

Hope Petersburg ka'ōpio mea kākau i leo o ka nui paha o kona papa kiʻekiʻe colleague, ka haku mele Evgeniya Reyna, ka mea a kona make manao like kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o Rusia.

Ma ke ala, i loko o kona loulou mua i hoouna aku au Iosif Aleksandrovich no ka mea i loko o ka poepoe o ka hana o ka kūikawā lawelawe (ka mea, i mau kiai Annoy Ahmatovoy, ka haku mele halawai me ka mea a).

Ka loa palapala kumu, a me kona papa

Kāna haumāna, Sven Birkerts, ka mea i lilo kaulana ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, wahi a i kona mau classmates Brodsky, hoʻomanaʻo i nā ke kumuʻino, ma ka kekahi lima, i ka loa charismatic a me ka - ma ka 'ē aʻe.

No ke aha lā ka meaʻino (hana, e hoolohe i ka olelo i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka inoa o ka haku mele kaulana)? Sven loa pane i kēia nīnau. Ka mea i Joseph A. loa i hana aku ai i kekahi mea, e hoopiha i ka bulk o ka haumāna kino o ka moʻokalaleo.

He ua he individualist, a me ka papa inoa o Brodsky laila'ōlelo akula ia i kona kino? Acaeoey kelaʻailolo. Akā, ua mau haumāna i nō bother e heluhelu i ka buke, i hōʻike mai ia hiki mau hilinai aku maluna o'ōlelo aʻo, kamakamailio ae la oia me ka Haku. E like me na memoirs o nā wā, Brodsky ka leo ua unusually paʻa kūhohonu loa Hue. He olelo iki ma luna o ka ihu, a hai aku la ia mea mau hana hoihoi. Friends haole kapa ia ia he "kanaka-keleawe koa."

ole minuke o kona mau maka oluolu kamailio ana me nā haumāna o ka uku ua.

Pedagogies Joseph Alexandrovich, e like me na wawe o Sven Birkerts, ua kū hoʻokahi. Nä ĸÖkuhi Na Ke aka, i ao aku moʻokalaleo, a ho'āʻo e lawe heluia.

Ke illusion o ke kaiapuni i loko o moʻokalaleo

He mea i ka hoʻomaka o ka hui iki hooku iho la ia i kekahi o nā hana poʻokela, i i piha me ka weliweli kekahi haumāna palaualelo papa Brodsky. A laila au noi e pili ana i nā manaʻo, kena ae la ia e Akhmatova poem a Montale, e kikoo aku i nä haumäna i loko o ka Arena, haʻi ana i ke kaulana Sergeya Dyagileva kea: ". Mea hou mai iaʻu" Ka mea, uaʻAʻole maʻalahi 'Amelika keiki a me ka wahine, e hoomaopopo aku, no ka laʻana, ina e hoʻokele ana kolo `Akhmatova ahi weliweli a me ka hoike e nānā ai" Iliad. "

I kela mea keia mea i kakau kiekie loa hoolea Brodsky. Single hua'ōlelo "kupanaha" Loa pinepine, i ka awelika haumāna mea banal e alalai mai ai i kona misunderstanding. Brodsky i keia manawa'uī i loko o ka lima o ka unlit uahi paka ...

Akā, ma hope o nā mea a pau o keia hana ua he nui kaʻana like 'ana o ka Quotes. e hoolohe i na hana o ka haumāna ma hope, Iosif Aleksandrovich hua mai la i kona kaulana hanu nui, nana puni ka a pau ka papa, a laila, hoomaka ae la e olelo aku. He noi na ninau, a pane aku la oia ia lakou. He alakaʻi lākou mau ukali ma ka ululaau o ke kani a me ahahui piha i ka manao o kona lohe ana kaʻike o ka mea ia e kahaha mana o ka 'ōlelo. Sven Birkerts haumāna e like me ia, a, i hele aku i ka halawai ana me ka ano o kaʻike makaʻole koa ka puahiohio a puni ia, akā, unclaimed ma ka maʻamau ke ola.

US humanities i hoʻomaopopo ai papa

Heluhelu papa BrodskyʻIkea eiiiaaoeiiiue mua i loko o ke kahua o ka opiopio Americans. Ka mea, hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua ma Dzhona Dyui nenoaiu, ka mea, i na akamai pū nō hoʻi o nā kuokoa noʻonoʻoloi, ke hiki i ka loi e loiloi nohonaʻike manaʻo. Akā, Iosif Aleksandrovich i ike i kēia kahua. Ma o ka haʻawina mua haawi mai la oia i kona mau haumāna he kilakila papa inoa o ka hua olelo e hoike ana adherents i e e hoolaa ai ka elua makahiki e hiki mai ana no ko lakou mau ola a hiki i keia Canon.

Ua, e hoomaka ana me ka poʻokela papa inoa o canonical hāʻina o nā haʻawina heluhelu Brodsky a me ka welau a noʻeau hana 70-ies o ka hope kenekulia.

ʻae nō hoʻi, i kēia papa hiki e hoʻohuiʻia i kēia lā i ka haumāna. I waena o ke kai o ka moʻokalaleo, e hōʻike 'kela makahiki, a he nui loa ma luna o nā shelves, oe e koho i ka puke, me he maoli noʻeau waiwai. Hoole i ka papa kuhikuhiE ana hoʻohālike no keia e pono e i ka pono o ka 'ōlelo, skillfully ua ho'ākākaʻia ma ka Brodsky.

Contents Brodsky papa inoa. "Bhavati Gita", "Mahabharata"

Iosifa Brodskogo papa hoʻomaka me "bhavati-gita" (akua o ka mele). Ka waiwai o keia hana a ke moe i loko o kona pulakaumaka ma ke kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka spirituality. Ka mea, e kokua ia ia, e hoʻoponopono i ka iniiaiie nīnau: "? Wai lā au", ka poʻea pau i ka piʻi like ana o ka mea maloko hoi e pono e loaʻa ai ka uhane nā loina. Ka "bhavati Gita" mai nā 'i mai kela la i keia ola a hiki i ka uhane ke ola, a ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka lanakila.

Ka lua o ka hana e pili ana i ka papa inoa o ka nui o ka heluhelu Brodsky, o ka "Mahabharata". Ua hoʻopioʻana i ka moʻolelo, hōʻikeʻana i ka pilikia o ka nohona i loko o ke kanaka, o ka lākiō o kona ku okoa ana a me ka naue like (hopena ma). Mahabharata, ma ka kekahi lima, hoʻokipa i ka unselfishness, a me kekahi -'āhewa wale i ka piha renunciation o na pomaikai o ke kino maoli.

Kauoha kahiko

Iosif Aleksandrovich i ekolu kulana i waena o ka luna buke, oaka ae la ke kaulana Brodsky papa Shoes ka palapala hemolele o ka poe Kristiano a me ka poe Iudaio - ke kauoha kahiko. E like me ko oukou ike ana, ka mea i mua i kākau i loko o Hebera. Central philosophical a ideological hapa o ka mea, o ka Sinai berita - na ke kuleana, ua hoʻopaʻahaoʻia e ke Akua, ma luna o nā lāhui kanaka o ka Iseraela, i lilo i ke kumu o ka Torah (i ke kanawai no ka hooko).

Aia ka he papa inoa o ka loa-ike haku mele, a iho mai ia iā mākou i loko o ka honua ka bestseller mua - o ka puke e pili ana i ka meʻe o ka mea a pau kahiko honua, adventurer, holomua a me ka charismatic ke alii Gilmageshe.

kahiko moʻokalaleo

List Brodsky - he voluminous papa inoa o ka moʻokalaleo e hiki ke hoʻolaha. Ka haku mele i i ka mua kanaka nāna i hoʻomākaukau ia i ka papa inoa. Ike papa inoa o Lva Nikolaevicha Tolstogo oi 'O ke kaulike ma ka chronology o ka hopena ma luna o ka olelo o ka heluhelu. List me Joseph Alexandrovich AIM e kākoʻo ia "kumu o kamaʻilio."

Iki iho ma kela aoao o ka uhane hana, e like me ka ke kūpili o Brodsky, e hoopuni i ka aeie ana o kahiko moʻokalaleo: Sophocles, Homer, Herodotus, Horace, Mark Avrely, Aristophanes ... kēia papa inoa mea kāpili, ka mea, i kahi o 20 inoa. Brodsky ia iho i loko o ka hālāwai ninaninau i ho'ākāka 'ia i kona ka hoʻokô' ana i ka moʻokalaleo o ke kahiko honua i ka hooulu ana o "kekahi ano o ka manawa." A kii aku la ia i kona hoomaopopo ana o ke ano o ka manawa a me kona aoao ma luna o kanaka.

No ke aha la oukou i kaʻu mea noonoo uku Greek a me ka Roma moʻokalaleo Iosif Aleksandrovich? Ua mea i ike ole ia mea i loko o ka palapala, ai koʻikoʻi a hanohano i kapaia Roma ia. No laila au e malu conceptualized a me ka hookuuia ka palapala, ai ea paha. Arguing e pili ana i ka Soviet Union, oia euphemistically kapa ia "Roma".

Deep ka naauao o ka pā o ke aupuni a pau (ka cult hoomana o Kaisara, despotic mana) ua pono'ī nona ia iā ia, e hōʻike ana iā ia iho me ka ka makaia, a a hoʻokuewa wale 'haku mele Ovid.

Penei i loaa mai no ka nui loa ma ka Soviet (Roman) mana, e like me ka pilina, e kau mai i ka nele o ke ku okoa.

Brodsky papa he vosled no kahiko puke kekahi mau moekahi 'ālai. Next - ka moʻokalaleo o ka pakebona. Hooku iho la ia i ka puke Fransua Rable a Dante Alighieri, he naita o platonic aloha.

Western a ua Lūkini poetry

I kekahi hihia i loko o ka papa inoa o ka West 'Eulopa moʻokalaleo ka bourgeois lawelawe kahua a me ka Russian poetry o ke kala, Age. Nā kākau i waeia me ka ono, e like me kā lākou mau tālena, a me ka nui o ka palapala, ai ''āina hoʻoili:

• Russian Anna Akhmatova, Marina Tsvetaeva, Boris Pasternak, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolay Zabolotsky, Vladislav Khodasevich;
• Pelekāne a me Amelika Thomas Hardy, Tomas Eliot, Robert he hau paa, Marianna Mur, Uisten Oden, Elizabeth Bishop;
• Kelemānia: Rainer Rilke, Ingeborg Bachmann, Georg Trakl, Gottfried Benn;
• Paniolo: Federico Garcia Lorca, Antonio Machado, Rafael Alberti, Juan Ramon Himenos;
• Polish: Zbigniew Herbert, Czeslaw Milosz, Leopold Staff, Wislawa Szymborska;
• French: Zhyul Syupervel, Blez Sandrar, Giyom Apolliner, pono ai ka noho Zhakob, Anri Misho;
• Greek: Giorgos Seferis, Konstantin Kavafis, Yannis Ritsos;
• Kuekene: Harry Martinson, Gunnar Ekellef.

ka hopena

Hiki i keia manawa, ke resonance kumu i ka papa inoa o Brodsky. Reviews o kēia puke ipo, ua lōkahi like i ka i ana i keia papa inoa mea oiaio no, e pono o ka hoolohe, ma muli o ke ano akamai o Brodsky.

A me ka hoopaapaa e ala mai oe. Kanaka poʻe heluhelu e konane me ka feasibility o ka nui e kū'ē i ke kahiko moʻokalaleo heluhelu. Olelo ae la ia i ka waiwai o ke kahiko moʻokalaleo mea lahilahi (e no laila mai i palapala) ka Anoanoaaiii o kanaka e pili ana.

Ua nui heluhelu pākuʻi i olelo. Kekahi ke hoole i ua mall "bhavati Gita" ka hapa o ka "Mahabharata". ʻO wai ka mea pohihihi i ka authenticity o ka papa, ae wehewehe i kona kulana ma ke alo i loko o ka mea ana i hana mai o Nikolai Klyuev, kanaka Anati-Semitic a me ka propartiynoy kohoʻia.

E helu i, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea: he puke mai ka papa inoa o Brodsky i mālama ai i hehi-pohaku a hiki i kaʻike hoʻokumu o Joseph Alexandrovich. Ka mea, o ko lakou ala ana i ka kaʻike o ka nani o ke poetry Brodsky kaumaha ana i kona poʻe heluhelu i ka papa inoa.

No ka mea ka mea, o ka mea hiki maikai? 'Aʻohe kanaka a pau i ka hana philological a me ka palapala, ai ka hoʻonaʻauao. Akā, huna kekahi o ia poetic a prosaic tālena. Pehea e lākou e ala hou mai ia ia? Ke ahuwale pane mea e e heluhelu na mea he nui maikaʻi buke. A mai keia wahi o ka Hawaii kekahi i ka papa inoa o Brodsky - i ka ino AOAIAaOO, e hoʻomaka.