Ka haku mele Tomas Eliot: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

Thomas Stearns Eliot - American haku mele mua mai o ka moku'āina o Missouri (St. Louis). I ka 1922, ua paʻi i kona kaulana poem "ka wao nahele." Kēia hana a Ezera pouna, i kona mentor a me ka hoa, i kapaʻia ka loihi kākau i loko o English poem. A me T. Eliot lanakila ka Nobel makana i ka 1948.

Ke kumu o ka haku mele

Thomas Stearns Eliot i hānauʻia ma ka ohana nui o ka. He ua ka muli loa keiki. I waena o nā kūpuna o ka haku mele ma kaʻaoʻao o kona makua kāne,ʻo ia ka Rev. U. G. Eliot, ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka St. Louis Washington University. Me ka maternal mau kūpuna o Eliot Ayzek Sternz ikeia i kekahi o ka mea mua neʻe i Makakukeka.

Genri Uer Eliot, Thomas ka makua kāne i ka waiwai industrialist, a Charlotte Stearns, me kona makuwahine, - i ka wahine o ka palapala, ai ia i ka manawaleʻa, a pono-hoʻonaʻauao. Ua i hana i ka hana keaka ma ka pauku, e like me he Kawaihae o U. G. Eliota.

aʻo manawa, i ke kakahiaka nui hana

Thomas hoomaka kākau poetry i na makahiki he umikumamaha. Kana i hana ua hoailono aku la ma ka aoao o na hana o Omara he Khayyam. Like a pau avant-garde haku mele, ka mea opiopio Toma i ke kipi, ua noho pilikia o ka Contemporary honua. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia i ka hanaia'na o ka mea kākau o ka uhane hoʻoponopono ulia. Thomas kahaha nalu p keʻano o ka hanaʻana i kipaku i ke ola o ke kaiāulu. ʻO kona lono kaumaha haku mele hala me ka mea ia e kahaha ikaika.

I ka pau ana o ke kula a wahi uku ke aupuni 'o St. Louis, Thomas, noho no lakou i kona mau haʻawina ma ka Hawaii College o kekahi. A makahiki ma hope, i ka 1906,ʻo ia i heluʻia i loko o Harvard University. Poʻokela, loea haumāna no ka makahiki ekolu, puka 'o ia mai ke kulanui papa. I ka ha o ka makahiki,ʻo ia loaa ka papahelu o ka haku.

Ma keia manawa i ka palapala o ka poem ma "Harvard advoket", hoʻoponoponoʻia e Eliot ua mai ka 1909 a hiki i 1910. Ma hope iho o ia, hele aku la ia i Paris, kahi ana i hele haʻi'ōlelo ma ka Sorbonne. halawai Elliott me Palani moʻokalaleo, a me ka Symbolist haku mele. Symbolism hoihoi ia nō ma Harvard. Tomas Eliot heluhelu Jules Laforgue, he mea kākau e pili ana i keia au. No hoi, ia ia o Laielohelohe ma ka puke "Ka holo ana o symbolism ma ka moʻokalaleo" A. Simons. Ua ikaika i alakaʻi ai i ka hooulu ana o Eliot me he haku mele.

I ka olelo hooholo, e hoʻolaʻa i kona ola, e moʻokalaleo

A hoʻi hou aʻela ia Harvard i ka 1911, hoomaka ae la Thomas e kākau i ka ia hoʻi laa F. G. Bredli, English idealist poe akeakamai. He i aʻo Hoʻomana Buda a me Sanskrit. Sheldonian ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana no ka Tomas Eliot hele i Germany a me Enelani. Ma Oxford, Merton College, kahi ana i ao mai Bradley, ia i aʻo kālaiʻike. Ma hope o ka hopohopo a me ka hoʻokūoʻo Eliot hoʻoholo i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i kona ola, e moʻokalaleo, no laila,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i hele aku hoʻi i ke pale i kona hoʻi ma Harvard. Thomas i koe i loko o London, kahi āna i kākau ai poetry. Kekahi o ia mau mea, a me ke kākoʻo mai o Wyndham Lewis a meʻEzera pouna, i paʻiʻia ma ka 1915.

Eliot ua e loaʻa i ka poʻe e ola ana, e hana ana o ka makahiki ao, ma hope o nā mea āna i mālama ai i loko o ke kapa, "Lloyd" kakauolelo. I ka makahiki 1925, hoomaka ae la ka haku mele, e hana i ka "Faber Guayer Hopena", mua i ka palapala, ai ka luna hoʻoponopono o ka hale hoʻopuka puke, a laila, e like me kekahi o nā alakaʻi o ka poʻe.

mua ka mare

Tomas Eliot i mare i ka 1915. Ua Ua lilo i darling Viven Heyvud. I loko nō o ka mea i ka mare ana ua olioli ole, i ka hui i ua noho pu no ka umikumamaiwa makahiki. Vivien ma hope o ke oki mare i loko o ka psychiatric haukapila. Ua make iho nei i ka makahiki 1947,.

I ka hana i loko o ka puke pai, hou na hana

I ka wā mai ka 1917 a hiki i 1919, Thomas hana i loko o ka Magazine "Egoist" kia'āina ke hoʻoponopono. hoomaka ae la kona ala poem, eʻikea au i loko o ka helu ana o periodicals, a me "Hui anthology" E. pouna. Eia, i paʻiʻia kona mau hana i ka 1915. Ma "Hogarth Press" Leonard, a Virdzhiniya Vulf i elua hou ohi o poem e Thomas - "Prufrock a me nā loina" (1917), a "poem" (1919). O ka poe hana ma lalo o ka aoao o Laforgue hana i wae ma ka poho, ma ka aku o ka lanakila.

Ka mea mua nui poem o TS Eliot lilo "Love Song J. Alfred Prufrock." Ua hopuʻia kōkua maikaʻi, ornate, hōʻihi, pono-la me ka manao meʻe, i mea no hoi i ka olelo uuu no, a me ka mea indecisive, oi loa aku hoi ia me na wahine. Kēia hana mea nui i milestone i loko o ka poetry o ka 20th kenekulia. Ma ka manaʻo nui o ka poem i kākauʻia e nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me George, Berryman, American haku mele, manaoio aku la ia i ka mea, ua laekahi poetry hoʻomaka me ia.

TS Eliot - manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni

A me ka ulu hiʻona o TS Eliot me he haku mele, a hōʻoia nō ia i kona inoa maikaʻi like me ka palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Mai 1919, Thomas mea he maʻamau hui kōkoʻolua i ka palapala, ai 'kumukanawai a hiki i ka "Times" ( "Times litereri sapplment"). Ikeiaʻe la e ia i kona moʻo o ka 'atikala hoolilo i ka Jacobin, a me ka Elizabethan hana keaka. Together me'ē aʻe, lilo iho la lakou i kekahi o ka ohi ana o na hana o TS Eliot, "Hemolele Wood" (1920). Ma ka 'atikala noho pilikia o Dante, Shakespeare, Marlowe, Dryden, George Herbert, Johnʻaʻahu iholaʻo ia, Andrew Marvell mea kākau i ho'āʻo ana e hoʻi ai i ka haku mele o ke ola, a, ma kona manao, o ka hana nui a me ka hoomanawanui noʻonoʻo loi. He nui wale i lewa i loko o ka ma hope Eliot "Krayterione" noho pilikia lawa kaulana Magazine, i ua paʻiʻia eha manawa o ka makahiki i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1922 a hiki i 1939

"Ka wao nahele,"

I ka 1922 Tomas Eliot paʻi i kona kaulana poem. E like me mākou i kaulana nei, ka mea, ua kapaʻia i waena o ka loihi poem hana ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. Ezra pouna paipai kona hyperbola (ma hope o huahana wale oia o ka 434 laina) a me ka nui o ka poetry allusion lehulehu i loko o kēia poem. Ma ke ala, paona komo i loko o ka'āina i hoʻoponoponoʻia o ka hana. He oki i ka mana hope o ka poem e pili ana i ke kolu.

He nui loa-ikeia kiʻiʻoniʻoni manaoio i ka pono hana i hana i ka Tomas Eliot - "ka wao nahele." Ka mea, ua alakaʻi ai i ka hou 'ana o ka poetry. Ke huahana ninoieo a 5 wahi. Ka mea, i hui pu ia e Halaman o ka'aʻaiawāʻana o nā loina a me ka infertility. Ke poem, i lewa i ka hāʻule pohō wale a me ka kanalua o ka postwar wā, kāheaʻia ka naʻau i loko o ka'āina.

Bapetizo ana a me Beritania kupa

T. S. Eliot i ka makahiki 1927, i bapetizoia ma ka Anglican Church. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i haawiia Pelekāne kupa. Tomas Eliot, kona poetry mua i hanohano i loko o ka kakaʻina i kona ohi ana (essay) ia "Ma Pale Kaua o Lanakelota Andrews," ke kahea aku nei oia ia ia iho i ka classicist ma ka moʻokalaleo, ma ka hoomana ana a me ka anglokatolikom royalist ma kālai'āina. Toma i kekahi haumāna hākilo hoihoi ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia moʻomeheu. Classmates i kapa ia he'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka ka Pelekāne a pau ma, koe wale no ka ohana, a me ka makau kuhohonu. Penei, pahuhopu nei me kona Pelekāne kupa pono kīvila. Naʻe, ke hoʻololi i Eliot Church oʻEnelani i ka holo, mai ka moolelo mai o Unitarianism, ia i loko o kona 'ohana, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i kona hoomaona mai la oia i kona nele i ka ike a me ka ikaika pono nā loina (Thomas i ka Puritan ma kumu).

Ma ka poem, Eliot ka "lehu Wednesday" (1930) lewa ka noʻonoʻo ka eha i hāliu aku i kāna proselytizing. I loko o kēia wā o ka noʻonoʻo hilahila a me ka 'imi naʻauao Thomas unuhi poem "Anabasis" Sana-John Perse (ma 1930). Kēia hana o keʻano o ka uhane mōʻaukala o ke kanaka.

hana keaka Eliot

I ka 1930, Thomas, palapala iho la i ka poetic hana keaka "pepehi kanaka i loko o ka Hale Pule Nui" (1935), a "Stone" (1934). Kēia mau hana i hanaia no ka haipule hana. Ka mua o kēia mau mea he philosophical pono. Kona theme like - i ka ehaeha o St. T. Beckett. Ka poem Ua noʻonoʻo pono i nā mea maikaʻi ka hana keaka o TS Eliot. Me ka nui pomaikai ka mea, ua i hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou i loko o ka US a meʻEulopa.

Ole ka hana keaka Elliott o ke kālā no ke ola, e like me "Family hawaiano" Ja lama hoʻohuihui "," ke Kula Uku Kakauolelo "a me" ka kūpuna statesman "(1939, 1950, 1954 a me 1959, niioaaonoaaiii) e manaoia emi pili, Thomas mea,ʻaʻole loa e hiki i ka hoʻopiha i ka theme like o kahiko pōʻino Contemporary maʻiʻo, naʻe, ka "Ja lama hoʻohuihui" i ka manawa ua i ka pomaikai nui ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, aia ma na kapa elua o ka 'Akelanika.

Poem 1940 a me ka Nobel uku

I ka 1940, ua palapala mai Thomas na poem me "East Coker" (1940), "puhi Norton", "maloo Selveydzhes" (nā mea a pau i loko o 1941), "Little Gidding" (1942), a "Lau Quartet" ( i ka 1943). He nui nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni hoʻomaopopo i ka hana o ka loa oo Eliot ka hana i loko o. Kēlā me kēia no ia ua manaʻo, hooeueuia lakou e ka panorama ma a ka mea kākau hilo iki aʻe hoʻi nā'ōlelo kūpaʻa no ka manawa, mōʻaukala, ke 'ano o ka' ōlelo, ka Memories.

Eliot Thomas, nona puke i ua ike a puni ke ao nei, ua lanakila ka Nobel makana i ka 1948. Anders Esterling, he lâlâ 'o ka Kuekene Academy,' aloʻahia i loko o kona leo i Thomas ka poem mea he waiwai o "ke daimana oi" i, nakolo i loko o ka ike paka i o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia hanauna.

Lua o ka mare ana a me ka make ana o ka haku mele

I ka 1957, ua mare EV Fletcher Tomas Eliot. Kona Kawaihae welau i ka 1965, ka wā i make ai ma mua o ka makahiki o 76 makahiki. TS Eliot Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o East Coker.

Ke kumu no ka hiʻona o Eliot

No ke aha lā i ka hana o Thomas Eliot mea no ka hoihoi ana i na mea he nui? Nā kumu i e lauwili. Pookela mawaena o lakou mea o ka mea i kēia mea kākau i lilo i ka nui renovator o poetry. Poem ma English unuhi TS Eliot Jimenez, Montale a me Seferis. I ka makahiki 1969, Thomas i ka hana i ua unuhi 'ia i loko o ka nuiʻEulopa' ōlelo, e like me Pākē, Japanese, Urdu, Hindi, Apapika, a no laila, ma luna o. D. A kēia manawa ka kekahi puke ma Amerika a meʻEnelani, puke ma luna o ke kālā no poetry, e like me ka rula, huli no me ia hoʻi ma luna o ka manaʻo nui o TS Eliot, no ka mea na makana nuiʻo ia i hana ai i ke kūpono 'ana o ka' ae waha 'ʻike hoʻokumu.

Ke ka manaʻo pohihihi no ka pokole o kaʻike hoʻokumu Eliot

Maopopo poem ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia ma keia mea kākau mea e oluolu, e like me ka unuhi ana o kana mau hana. Ka mea i Eliot mea he elitist haku mele. Kana mau hana e ole wale i ka pono hou i loko o ke ao nei o ka poetry. I kana hana Thomas i ole omaka manawa. He mau hoopii i ka pāʻoihana o hou pilikia a me ka hou nō.

Deliberate elitism, ka avant-garde 'ano o ka hana ana i keia mea kākau alakai i ka mea i kana hana ana i ole oluolu i ka maopopo. Ka pilikia mua moe i loko o ka luna 'philosophic. Ka mea kākau lawe i ke kahua ninau o kanaka ola. Eliot pili i kana hana a hiki i ka hope aesthetic a me ka philosophical manaÿo. He i ole e ike i ko lakou noʻeau kaha kiʻi. Ka haku mele iā ia iho e ho'āʻo ana e imi pāʻoihana i mau pilikia.

Ka lua o ka pilikia ke moe i loko o ka mea ana i kūikawā kūlana i loko o kona makakū hula Keia, allusions, kėia manawa, a no laila, ma luna, kēia e leie aku i ka haku mele, e pahu aku ai i loko o kana mau hana o kekahi mau hana 'ike loea a me nā makahiki,ʻaʻole e hōʻike' ana i ka papa me ka naauao o ko ke ao nei, akā, i hoike i ko lakou pili i nāʻike manaʻo moʻomeheu a me ka mea i hala. No laila, i loko o ka a paʻi o na hana o keia mea kākau i ana haawiia piha manaʻo.

Ke kolu o ka hiʻona oe Eliot, i complicates kona hoomaopopo ana, ka loaʻa o ka nui waiwai, i mea hoi uku palapala. No ka laʻana, ka mea huahana "Lau Quartet" i okoa melodic noaia i i? Aaei ma kona naʻauao Eliot Beethoven (aho paha e olelo, me kona mau hope Quartet).

It paha e ka lōʻihi manawa e kamailio e pili ana i nā hiʻona o na hana o Eliot. Eia naʻe, i loko o kekahi 'atikala he mea hiki ole ke uhi i ka nui a me ka loa mua noʻeau kŰia. Heʻano nui ia, no ka TS Eliot ka manaʻo pohihihi mea,ʻaʻole i pau i loko iho. Ka mea, ua i ka 'ia o ke' ano a me ka non-maʻamau pilikia o ka poetry, i ka mea, ua kālaiʻia a me nā mākau '.

Ka puke mea e pili ana i nā pōpoki

Akā,ʻaʻole e mau ana TS Eliot mea ai eiiieaen, ka mea, aole e mau hana elitist. Ua hiki e he wahi unexpected, akā, na Style e hoihoi i loko o ka haku mele me Tomas Eliot. ua lilo na protagonists o kona ohi kaulana o poem, paʻiʻia ma ka 1939 nā pōpoki ( "Popular Science e pili ana i nā pōpoki ..."). Nā hana hookomoia i loko o laila, i ua hana i loko o ka 1930 o ka. Ka mea, i palapala no ka godchildren TS Eliot.

I keia manawa, ua ohi ka paha ka loa pono-ike puke e pili ana i nā pōpoki i loko o ke ao nei. Heʻike nā kānana o kēia mau holoholona. A nui kaʻana like 'ana o ka loa-ike ohi i lawe mai i ka wahine "pōpoki" E. L. Vebbera, haawi aku la i kona kai.