Homer: pōkole Kawaihae a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Homer, kona Kawaihae ua manawa pili nui - mua haku mele o ka wa kahiko Greece, nona na hana i ola. I kēia manawa,ʻo ia ua manaoia kekahi o Europe ka maikaʻi haku mele. Eia naʻe, ma ka Homer i ike loea 'ike ma laila. Aka hoi, ke ho'āʻo e hoihoi i ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o mau hua'ōlelo, i kona Kawaihae, ma muli ma ka loaʻa 'ike.

He aha ke ano o Homer inoa?

Ka inoa "Homer" Ua mua i olelo ia i loko o ka 7th kenekulia. BC. e ka. Ua Ua laila, kapa Kallin Efessky like me ka mea nāna i hana o "Thebaid". Ke kumukuai o ka inoa i ho'āʻo e wehewehe i nā lā o ke kahiko. Mākou e kaumaha aku na kēia mau koho: "makapo" (Ephorus), "E hahai mai" (Aristotle), "mea pani" (Gesihy). Eia naʻe, kēia noiʻi manaoio i ka mea, e like me unconvincing me ka manaʻo o kekahi mau kānakaʻepekema kaila ia iā ia i ka manaʻo o "accompanist" a me "slagatel". He oiaio, i ka olelo o kekahi maoli kanaka ka inoa i loko o kona Ionic ano.

Where aʻu i hele mai, mai Homer?

Kawaihae o ka haku mele hiki wale ke? Aeiino? Hypothetically. Keia pili a hiki i ka wahi o ka hanau ana o Homer, i mea nō IKE OLE IA. ʻEhiku mau kūlanakauhale i kaua aku no ka pono, e ia kona wahi i hānau: Kio, Semurena, Salami, Colophon, Argos, Rode, Athens. Ua hoʻoneʻe 'ia paha i ka "Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad" i ma luna o ka Asia Nā hana mokuna o Helene, a i noho ma ka manawa o ka Ionian ohana hana. A paha i haku kēia mau poem ma kekahi o ka puni mokupuni. Homeric olelo, naʻe, i ole haawi aku i kekahi kūlike loa 'ike e pili ana i ohana no i Homer, o kona Kawaihae koe i ka mea pohihihi. He He hoʻohui pū Aeolian Ionic olelo a me ka Helene. Kekahi noiʻi paipai ana ia mea i ke ano o ka hana loa ma mua Homer ka poetic koine.

ina Homer ua makapo?

Homer - Greek haku mele, ka mea nona Kawaihae, ua? Aeiino? Na mea he nui, HEN, mai ka wa kahiko a hiki i ka keia lā. Ua ua ike ia ia ua mea maʻa mau depicted makapo. Eia naʻe, loa paha, ka mea, ke i ka manaʻo o ka mea, o ka? Aeiino? Oeoey o ka typical ano moʻokalaleo Ke o kahiko Kawaihae, aʻaʻole ma muli o ka makemake kūʻiʻo e pili ana i Homer. No ia mea, kaʻao poe mele a me ka poe kaula a makapo (i nui, Tiresias), e like me ka ke kūpili o ke kahiko, e kuhikuhi ana i ka haawina poetic a me ka wānana, i ka mea mahuʻi i Homer ua makapo, he mea plausible.

Homer makahiki o ke ola

Kahiko chronographs hoi oko i ka hoomaopopo ana o ka manawa ia Homer noho. Ka mea kākau moʻolelo, nona Kawaihae mākou i mea e hopohopo nei, hiki ke hana i kā lākou mau hana i loko o kekahi mau makahiki. Kekahi manaoio nei au nana i he Contemporary o ka War Trojan, i mea, e noho ana i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 12th kenekulia. BC. e ka. Eia naʻe, Herodotus koi i Homer noho a puni i ka waena o ka 9th kenekulia. BC. e ka. Epekema o kēia lā i kaʻauiʻana o ka lā kona hana i ka 8th a 7th kenekulia BC. e ka. I ka Ia manawa, e like me ka papa kuhikuhi kahua ola ua hōʻike Kio 'ole kekahi māhele o Ionia, Aia ma luna o ka mokuna o Asia Minor.

Homerʻike hoʻokumu

Homer i kahiko, koe wale no "Ka Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad", wahi kilo a me kekahi mau 'ē aʻe poem. A hiki i kēia lā i ka malamaia koena o kekahi mau no ia. I kēia lā, akā naʻe, ka mea, ua manaoio aku i ka mea i kākauʻia e ka mea kākau, ka mea i noho hope ma mua o Homer. He He puke kātuna poem "Margaret", "Homeric Himeni" a me na mea e ae.

Maopopo, ka "Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad" Ua lōʻihi ma hope o nā hanana i wehewehe i loko o kēia mau hana a pau i kākau. Eia naʻe lākou hanaia'na hiki e hana ia i mua o ka 6th kenekulia BC. Hawaii., ka wā i ko lakou ola i reliably kākau. Penei, hiki e wahi ana i ka wā mai ka 12 a hiki i 7 kenekulia BC Homer ola. e ka. Naʻe, i ka hope lā o ka loa paha.

Ke Reuʻela,ʻo ia ma waena o Hesiod a me Homer

He aha hou aʻe hiki oe hōʻike iā mākou e pili ana i keia haku mele nui, Homer? Kawaihae no ka keiki pele omits keia wahi, nae, aia no he moolelo o poetic Reuʻela,ʻo ia e paa ana ia ma waena o Hesiod a me Homer. Ua Ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o ka buke, i hope ma mua o 3 i loko o ka hana. BC. e ka. (A o kekahi noiʻi manaʻo i ka nui mamua). Ua kapaia "hoopapa o Homer a me Hesiod." Ua hai ia ina halawai haku mele ma ka lealea ma ka hanohano o Amfidema alakai aku ia ia e pili ana. Euboea. Here ka mea, hai aku lākou maikaʻi loa poem. A Lunakanawai ma ka Competition ua ke alii Paneda. Ka lanakila i kumu kāki i Hesiod, no ka mea, kapa aku la ia i ka maluhia a me ka mahiʻai,ʻaʻole e pepehi, a kaua. Eia naʻe, ia mea ma kaʻaoʻao o Homer, he ka hoolohe walohia.

Historicity "Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad"

unhistorical hana - Ma ka 'epekema, ma ka waena o ka 19th kenekulia i ka "Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad" ka manao lanakila iho la. Naʻe, ka mea hoole i ka hanaʻeliʻana Genriha Shlimana, i kona hoolilo ma Mycenae, a ma luna o ka puʻu Hissarlik i ka 1870-80-ies. Ke sensational loaʻa o nā archaeologists hoao ana Mycenae, Troy, a me ka Achaean Susana ola i loko o ka lanakila. Ua pepehi wā e Kelemānia nä känaka 'epekema loaa kona palapala i loko o ka halelewa 4th hale kupapaÿu, Aia ma Mykonos, i Homer wehewehena. Hope, o Aigupita a me ka Heta palapala, i hiki ke Hahai I ia laua i na hanana o ka Trojan Kaua i loaʻa. A hailona o ka 'ike e pili ana i haawiia manawa deciphering ka Mycenaean syllabic ke kākau' ana i nā hana a poem. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau hana a pau o Homer me ka loaʻa Documentary a me ka hulikoehana kumu i pili i loko o ka luna 'ala, a hiki ole ia mea, e hoʻohana uncritically. Ka mea i loko o ka moolelo o keia ano keia ano o ka ei nui o ka mōʻaukala ikepili e mākaukau kaua.

Homer a me ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni e, Mohai Homer

Ke Greek nenoaiu o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, i ka hana ma ka hopena o ka panina au hou, i ka nānā' ana ma luna o ke ao o kaʻike hoʻokumu Homer. Kona poem hoʻopaʻanaʻau a pau, a me ka hapa, ma na kumuhana o ka mea, e 'oluʻolu i ka i ka heluhelu, a no laila, ma luna o. D. hope, Rome aie i kēia kahua. Eia, mai ka 1st kenekulia BC. e ka. Homer Ua UAIAaIN e Virgil. Nui gekzametricheskie poem i hanaia i loko o ka Postclassic au i loko o ka olelo o ke kahiko Greek mea kākau, e like me ka pono me ka Competition a ma ka Mohai o ka "Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad". E like me 'oe ke ike, he nui loa kanaka i hoihoi i kaʻike hoʻokumu a me ke Kawaihae o Homer. Pōkole ka maʻiʻo o kana mau hana a lilo i ke kumu no ka hana ana i na mea he nui i kākau e noho ana i loko o kahiko Roma. Iwaena o lakou i kākauʻia e Apollonius o Rode 'Argonautica ", huahana o Nonna Panopolitanskogo" Na Hawaii o Dionysus "a me Quintus o Semurena" Poslegomerovskie hanana. " Hoomaopopo i ka pono o Homer a me nā haku mele o ka wa kahiko Greece, e hoomanawanui mai e pili ana i ka nui moʻolelo palapala. Lakou i manaoio aku i ka manao maikai, flawless hiki ke loaʻa wale nō i loko o kaʻuʻuku hana.

Homer keiki ma luna o ka moʻokalaleo o kekahi mau aina

Ma Roman moʻokalaleo, ka mea mua i koena hana (aole nae fragmentary) i ka unuhi ana i "Ka Odyssey". Au i aku la ia ia i Greek Liviy Andronik. E noke i ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka moʻokalaleo o Makamua Rome - ka "Aeneid" Virgil - i loko o ka mua buke eono o ka Mohai o ka "Odyssey", a ma ka hala eono - ". Iliad" Ma aneane pau loa na hana o ka kahiko, e hiki ke hoomaopopo i ka aoao o ka poem i hana Homer.

Kawaihae a me ka hana hoihoi aku la ia ia, a me ka Byzantines. Ma keia aupuni, Homer akahele aʻo. I ka lā, kēia ōlaʻi o Byzantine moʻolelo i kākau lima o kona mau poem i loaʻa. No ka hana ana o kahiko, ia mea launaʻole. A, ua hana epekema i ka Byzantine commentaries a me scholia i Homer, i houluuluia, a i kāna mete ia i kona mau poem. ʻEhiku mau puke e lawe Comment Archbishop Eustache ia. Greek moʻolelo i kākau lima i loko o ka makahiki hope o ka Byzantine aupuni a pau, a laila, ma hope o ke kui i hele i ke Komohana. No laila, ka mea i rediscovered Homer pakebona au.

Pōkole Kawaihae o ka haku mele, i hanaʻia e mākou, na lau unresolved he nui nīnau. A pau o ia a pau lakou i ka Homeric Question. Pehea e hoʻoponopono i ka mea 'okoʻa noiʻi? E ka maka ia.

Homeric nīnau

Aka pili Homeric Question. Kēia 'ia paha o nā nīnūnē e hai aku i ke kilo o "Ka Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad", e like me ia i ke kanaka o ko lākou mea nāna i hana. He nui pluralists, nä känaka 'epekema i manaoio ia mau poem e' ike 'ia ma ka palapala o nā puke i haku ai o Homer, a, e like me ka manaoio nui, i mai nei. Lakou wahi i ka mea i hanaia 6 kenekulia BC. e ka. Kēia mau kānakaʻepekema manaoio i i hana mai i na poem, paha ma Atenai, ka wā, i ua hōʻuluʻuluʻia nā mele o nā kākau, haawiia mai, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku, a hoʻopaʻa 'ia ma ke kākau' ana. Unitarians, ma ka mea ku ole, kokua aku i ka compositional ke kuʻikahi, o Homer ka hana, a nolaila ke kū hoʻokahi o ko lākou mea nāna i hana.

Homer

Moʻolelo o ka mea kahiko Helene mea kākau - ano akamai, priceless hana o ke akamai. No ka kenekulia, ka mea, ua i nalowale i ka hohonuʻano a me ka pilina. Moʻolelo a me kekahi poem a me kekahi ia, mai ka nunui-faceted a me ka nui kalapona o kaao ana me ka Trojan War. "Ka Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad" ho wale heʻuʻuku Episode i loko o kēia moʻo. Iki i emi iho i kēia mau huahana, hoʻopau mākou moʻolelo e pili ana i keia nui kanaka, e like Homer. Haku mele, pōkole Kawaihae mea i kamaʻilio nui, ua hana ka io hanana huahana.

"Iliad"

Ka mea, i mea kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hanana o 10th ka makahiki o ka Trojan Kaua. Ka poem welau a me ka make a me ke kanu ana o ka papa kuhikuhiE Trojan koa Hector. About hou Aey? Acaeoey o ke kaua, aole ia i hai aku i ke kahiko Helene haku mele Homer, nona ka pōkole Kawaihae hooku iho la ia ma luna.

War - ke kumu nui ulaula o ka poem, ke kumu nui hehee ai o kona huapalapala. Kekahi hiʻona o ka hana mea i ke kaua ua depicted nui,ʻaʻole like koko kaua nā paʻi hua, a me ke kanaka kaua huapalapala i ho'āʻo mau kāʻeʻaʻeʻa ikaika, ke koa, ke akamai a me ke ahonui. Mawaena o na kēia ho'āla kaua hiki ke hōʻike 'ki Reuʻela,ʻo ia a Achilles, a Hector. ʻoihana Diomedes Agamemnon, a ho'ākāka 'ia ma Menelaüs emi'ōlohe wiwo a me ka expressiveness. Loa huali ma ka "Iliad" depicted i nāʻano, a me nā loina pono, ao ke ano o ke ola, noho pono a me ke ola ana o ke au kahiko o Helene.

"Ka Odyssey"

Mākou ke olelo aku i ka huina hoonui ia mea oi luna 'ma mua o ka "Iliad." Ma ka mea loaʻa mākou i ka hailona o nā hiʻona, a hiki i kēia lā e hoʻokolokolo mai o ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka moʻokalaleo. Ma kēia moʻolelo poemʻano nui e olelo no hoi a hiki i Ithaca ma hope o ka Trojan War, Odysseus ua ana.

Ma ka hopena, i ka hana o Homer - he waiwai trove o ke akamai o ke kahiko Greece kanaka. He aha nā kūʻiʻo paha e ka hoihoi ia ia i kekahi kanaka me Homer? Pōkole Kawaihae no nā keiki a me nā mākua pinepine kekahi mau 'ike i ka mea, ua ku una ha i kekahi poʻe haku moʻolelo, i ua ole waiwai ma ka palapala. Naʻe, manaʻo huhū i kēia, i kona mau poem i ka kiʻekiʻe ke akamai a me ka poeticʻano hana, loaʻa ka mea, ke kuʻikahi. "Ka Odyssey" a me ka "Iliad" i ano helehelena, kekahi o i mea he moʻolelo kaila. Elemakule leo o ka moʻolelo, unhurried thoroughness, objectivity piha kiʻi, ae hoolohi i paʻapū ai ka hoʻomohala '- i kēia mau mea i ka ano hiʻona o na hana i hana Homer. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka haku mele, ka manaolana hunaahi i kou kuleana i loko o kāna hana.