I ka moolelo o ke kulanakauhale o Ivanovo: ka makahiki o ke kahua, Hawaii hana

Future Ivanovoʻikeʻia me he meaʻuʻuku kua'āina kulanakauhale kokoke i ka Orthodox hoailona ma ka XVII kenekulia. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea kauhale ua ulu hoomaikai aku i ke kūpono 'ana o ka kūloko lole oihana puolo. Mai ka XIX kenekulia, o ke kumu nui hanalima kikowaena, a he nui aneiai Hub o ka aina.

Ka mua hai

Ivanovo-hoʻopaʻa pepa paʻi kiʻi mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale, i lilo ai i ka 1609, ka wā i ke ana i olelo mua ma ka oihana i kākau i loko o ka Trinity-Seregio Lavra. E like me kēia kumu, he kaona liʻiliʻi hoʻokumu kanaka mahuka mahiʻai i haʻalele patrimonial hale mōneka noho. I mea ole, e hookahuli ai ia me nā noho Ivanovo me ka like inoa, ka mea, ua i kekahi manawa kapa Ivanovo-Kohomskim (e hiki mai ana ua Kohma pā).

Ke hoohiki mua o ke kauhale e pili ana i ka Time o ka pilikia, ka wā Rusia i ae mai ke kaua kūloko a me ka Polish 'uao. Na komohewa ua hiki aku a hiki i ka Ivanovo. Rusia Ua hao i loko o ka noho weliweli, uaʻaʻole he poʻe koa ikaika, a makemakeʻulupā, a kipaku mai i ka poʻe komohewa. Ma 1608-1609 GG. ke kauhale Ua hoʻohana like me ka olua wahi no ka poʻe kaua o ka auamo, Lithuanians a me Cossacks kākoʻo o ka wahaheʻe Dmitry II. Ua i loko o ka XX kenekulia, archaeologists loaa i loko o ke kūlanakauhaleʻaʻahu aliʻi o ka manawa, i ma luna o ke komohana 'Eulopa kŘkohu. I ka 1609-ka m (waihona ipu makahiki Ivanovo) kauhale ua moku, a no kekahi manawa inconspicuous koe. Akā, hou aneiai ulu ua i ka mea nui i waena konu o ka lole? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Boyar patrimony

E like ma mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka pilikia, wahi a puni Kokhma no i ka influential Prince Skopin-Shumsky. Ma ka XVI kenekulia Pokrovsky hoailona i hoʻokumu 'aneʻi. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea kaulana koa alakaʻi Mikhail Skopin-Shumsky lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi i loko o kēia māhele 'āina. I ka moolelo o ke kulanakauhale o Ivanovo - he typical hoʻohālike o ke kua'āina kauhale ma ka periphery o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Na na kamaaina i hana ma ka manufacturing a me ka dyeing fabrics mai ka olona, hoʻohana 'ia e Pūnaewele Puni Honua. Mahiʻai nei iʻaneʻi i poorly hoʻomohala ma muli o nizkoplodorodnyh lepo.

Ma lalo o Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich i ka helu, ike e pili ana i ua malamaia ma na kumu. Mahalo i kēia mau palapala i keia la, a pâʻani 'o ia i ka mōʻaukala o ke kulanakauhale o Ivanovo. Ma ka hapa mua o ka XVII kenekulia, ua oi mamua o ka haneri iwilei, i ka mea he nui helu no ka mea, he loihi wahi.

noho o Old i manaoio

I ka papa kuhikuhiE? Aiiioe? Ua navigable muliwai Ivanovo Uvod. Mahalo iā ia, ua hiki ke hookupaa ikaika aneiai ano laulea me kokoke wahi i ka noho o ke kauhale. I haiia ae maluna,, i ka lepo i loko o kēia wahi ua ole ae e ulu hua palaoa, akā, ka mea, ua he nui 'ia, e ohi i ka nui e ohi ai, o ke olona.

I ka 1638, ma hope o ka heihei Skopin-Shuisky make ia, i ke kulanakauhale i hooholoia i nā aliʻi Cherkassky. A hiki ma hope o 30 makahiki o ka heluna o Ivanovo i ua 800 kanaka,ʻaʻole me ka hooponopono, a me ka clergy. Hoomau iho la lakou e hele mai hou luakini. I ko lakou helu i ka papa kuhikuhiE anakahi o ka hoʻonuiʻana a me ka enrichment o kekahi Lūkini kulanakauhale i ka manawa. A hiki aku i ka aina ua schism, pili me nā nā mea hoʻololi o makua'lii Nikon, he wahi waikahe me ka Old manaoio. Na laila mōʻaukala Ivanovo kulanakauhale i ua pili loa me ka neʻeʻana popovtsev pili. holo mau kanaka a hiki i ka outskirts o ka aina aku, mai ka kikowaena aupuni, repressed heretics.

Ke kapikala o ka lole hana

Ka hooulu ana alakaʻi i ka muli o ke ulana i loko o ka kauhale haku o paiia lole canvases. Me keia hana, noi ai i ka wā e hiki mai kapa lauana a me nā waihoʻoluʻu kaha kiʻi. Ivanovo like me ka lole kapikala o Rusia i wahi i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. e kuai Local waiwai ma EIA ma kekahi mau wahi o ka aina. e hoʻohana 'ia kēia mau fabrics i koi nui i waena o ka mau heluna.

I nā mea i waiwai ai nui a oi noho ma Ivanovo, e ka mea waiwai a me ka oi. Local paahana kālepa me Astrakhan, a ma ka mea, a hiki i ka hikina'āina - .. Peresia, ka Caucasus, etc. kēia mau waiwai pili i alakaʻi ai i ka nō iho taps. Ivanovo huahana hoomaka ae la e lawe i ke paʻi ana o ka hikina moʻomeheu.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia, Tsar Peter au Ho'āʻo ka reorganization o ka lole hana. I ka mea loaa i ka kauhale o Ivanovo mau loina hale. Kona aaiuo ohi kuai auhau, i hele aku i ka waihona waiwai. Eia naʻe, loaʻa surged he hou nalu o ka poe hana, hoomaka ae la e hōʻike hou lehulehu wahi, e like me Pub. Like a pau'ē aʻe Lūkini Luna Hooponopono o ka manawa, i ke kauhale i ae mai o ke ahi pinepine. No ka laʻana, i ka 1723 i ke ahi hoʻopau oi ma mua o 200 iwilei, e waiho ana na mea he nui e noho ana me ka home a me ka malumalu.

hanalima kipi

Oddly lawa, ua mahuahua ka aneiai nui o Ivanovo aie a hiki i ke Kaua o 1812. A lohe o Napoleon ka poe koa ma Moscow, a i ka mea i nui ke ahi wela i loko o ke ahi, e like me Moscow a me ka ulana hana. Ma hope iho o ia, Ivanovo industrialists no ka lōʻihi manawa i halawai pu me ka Competition i loko o ka wahi lulu popilikia a me na wahi kanaka. Lakou maluhia i? Aneiai niches, a laila,ʻaʻohe i kekahi i.

Inā ma ka makahiki 1810 i ke kuai ana o fabrics Ivanovo lawe mai 1 miliona rubles, a me 7 makahiki ma hope kēia aka ua mahuahua ka 7 manawa. Aia he hualoaʻa fabrikantskieʻana - .. Kuvaeva, Polushina, Garelina etc. lakou ke kālele 'ole wale i loko o kona iho-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, akā, i loko o hoʻokiwikā aeuiiai ieaia?. hoomaka Local nā hale hana, e hiki mai ana,ʻaʻole wale nō, mai na kulanakauhale a kokoke Moscow, akā, no hoi, mai na aina.

Albeit belatedly, akā, ma Ivanovo ma ka XIX kenekulia hoomaka kona hanalima kipi. Business mea nona e neʻe aku mai manuale hana i nā hale hana, a wehe i ke kaʻa? Iecaianoaaiiie. New hana apono 'e hoomahuahua i ka mämä holo o ke? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka waiwai mai ka kuai ana. hoomaka mākou e hōʻike hou nā hale hana i i ole pololei e pili pū ana i nā mea hana o ka home, akā, i ke kūlana i kākoʻo 'ia. Ka mea, ua ka Nine Inch, metalworking, me mechanical a me ka pulupulu wili. E like ma mua o ka abolition o serfdom Ivanovo nui mahiʻai no o ka hoʻokele waiwai lole kūʻai lilo houʻia ma ka makemake a me ka hiki lilo poʻe kālepa. E hana i loko o ka hou hale i kuni ihola ia i ka poʻeʻilihune, a me ka poe ilihune mai ka kokoke kūlanakauhale. Mau kanaka noho ma Posada, nona ka helu no ka hana steadily.

Ke kūlana o ke kulanakauhale

I ka 1872, Tsar Alexander II kakauinoa ke kānāwai ma luna o ka hoʻokumu o ke kulanakauhale o Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Me keia kanawai, ka mea formalizes he fait accompli. Ke kulanakauhale Ua ulu no ka lōʻihi manawa, a ua nui loa kona waiwai Loaʻaʻia no ka uuku inconspicuous kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Vladimir mokuna. Ke paio no ka hoʻokumu o ke kulanakauhale i lawe mai ma ka kūloko Aupuni no kekahi mau makahiki.

Back i ka makahiki 1853 mau kauhale, iʻikeʻia a puni ke kulanakauhale, i hui pu ka mea, i loko o Voznesensky Posad. Kona heluna kanaka ua 3.5 tausani artisans a me nā hana. Ke kulanakauhale e noho ana, he palua i na mea he nui, akā, ka mea, ua hoʻokele waiwai hou hope iho. Nā tenements lilo noho burgher Duma, ka luna hoʻomalu o ka i lilo influential Manufacturers.

He He ponoi Initiative o industrialists i hou impetus i ke kūpono 'ana o ke Ivanovo. Rusia i ka 1860 ua hoano e kekahi mau'ano'ē nā mea hoʻololi. Ka pōʻaiawaiwai ma luna o ke kālā no capitalist laina. Ma kekahi patronage kālā Halemai Moiwahine i hoʻokūpaʻa no ka poe hana, he oaoieei-kula no kā lākou mau keiki, e like me ka pono me ka lehulehu hale waihona puke. I kēia lā i kēia mau hale - kia hoʻomanaʻo i o Ivanovo.

No ka mea, o ka American Kanawai Kaua ma Rusia i aneane oki, e lawe mai ma laila i ka pulupulu. Kēia iki hoemiia ka theme like o oicyenoaaiiie ka ulu ana i loko o Ivanovo. Naʻe, i ka lole kapikala o Rusia i hoomaka ai e ulu aie i ka abolition o serfdom a me ka outflow o kauwa i loko o nā nā hale hana. I ka heluna ka ulu a me ka mea ulu ma ka helu o nā hana, hoʻoikaika ihola ke kikowaena ke aupuni e hoʻolohe i ke kauhale, a haawi aku ia kulanakauhale you.

proletarian haunaele

Ma ka hoʻokēʻai ulu Ivanovo-Voznesensk i hiki i ka mea hou lawehana. Aie i ka helu nui o nā hale hana, a me ka kūikawā wahi i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai 'ana o ke kūlanakauhale, a hiki i kapa ia "Russian Manchester". Naʻe, mahuahua ka hana nuipa a alakai ai i ka mahuahua ana ma ka lawelawe hoʻopilikia. Ia mea ke kumu ma ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekulia Hope a pau Ivanovo wahi naueue ae la ia e pepehi iho at ia, e pepehi iho at a me nā ano o proletarian keakea e kue i ke Aupuni.

Ke kūlanakauhale i lilo i ka piko o ka attraction o kākoʻo o'ano'ē kālai'āina manaʻo. I ka 1892 ikeiaʻe la e ia i ka p ÷ ai mua o Marxists, a hiki ma hope o 6 makahiki, aia i ke Komite o ka Russian Social-kemokalaka na Hana Lima Party. Ka mua Russian kipi i ka 1905 a hiki i Ivanovo paha ma ka nuipa a pepehi iho at ia. Ua he 72 lā. E like me nā koho, ma ka palapala i hele ma ka 30 tausani disgruntled lawehana. Lākou mau koi, ua maʻamau i ia manawa - e ae ma ka palena iki uku paepae e komo i ka ewalu-hora hana lā, a pela aku ...

Manufacturers hoole ia e concessions i na protesters. A laila, na protesters noho mālie ihola lākou mau ke koho ana, a koho ia 151 laʻelaʻe 'ia. O ka poe hana Ivanovo-Voznesensky citywide ahaolelo o ka lunakanawai hana '. Ka mea, ua i ka mua o ia hui ma ka aina o ka mōʻaukala. Ma lalo o Soviet rula, Ivanovo hanana o ka 1905 i haawiia mai kūikawā noonoo. e hoomanaoia eiiieaena "Krasnaya Talka" Ua hoʻokumu i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i lehulehu o Ivanovo, ma ka mōʻaukala o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana. I ka 1905, ma ka 'aoʻao hana ua he opiopio Bolshevik Mikhail Frunze. Ma hope,ʻo ia makemake lilo kekahi o ka loa hanohano koa luna a me na luna o ka Soviet Union. Kona 'oihana hoomaka iho la e like hoʻokahuli aupuni ma Ivanovo.

Kukuluia'na o Bolshevik mana

Ma hope iho o ka abdication o Rotehama II ma Ivanovo pālua mana, a ua typical no ka hapanui o ka aina. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao,ʻo ia ka Soviet o He hana i 'lunakanawai, a ma ka' ē aʻe - poeikohoia o ka Aupuni Kūikawā. Mua, i ke kulanakauhale nui ole o ka SRs a me ka Mensheviks. A hiki i ke kauwela i paʻa hou-ke koho i ka kūloko aha hookolokolo, i ka hapanui o nā noho hanohano i loko o ka mea noho ma ka Bolsheviks. No ka nūhou e pili ana i ka OctoberʻOiʻenehana ma Petrograd, ua makaukau ka mea, a koke hana i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ke keʻena luna. Ke kaua kūloko ua aneane e loli ana ma kēia mau wahi. I ka mana o ka Bolsheviks i hooholoia me kekahi koko, a me keʻokeʻo, a i ole hiki i ke kulanakauhale.

I ka 1918, ua hanaia ka Ivanovo-Voznesenskaya panalaau. Ua lilo i ka piko o ka lole hana o ka Soviet Rusia. Ka Bolsheviks i hana i ka hou kumuhana o ka Hui, ma ke kumu o kona oicyenoaaiiie kuokoa a me ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka'āina kokoke. Ke hou kūlana haʻahaʻa koke lewa ma luna o ke ola o ke kulanakauhale. Ua Ua nānā ao ana a me ka polytechnic institutes. Hoomaka ae la e hele mai hou kula, Ho 'Oponopono, Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha a me ka hale waihona puke. Ma ka 20-ies. wehe kona iho ka wai lako, a ma hope ona, i loko o ka palapala o ka lehulehu amo nā kaʻa'ōhua.

New lole hola i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Laielohelohe hana, mai kokoke mau mea. Me lakou pu o na wahine, küpono seamstresses, etc. No laila, i loko o ka Soviet manawa Ivanovo loaa ke kaulana inoa - .. "ke kulanakauhale o ka wahine mare i". Local Aupuni koke ho'āpono hoopakele ia o na mea a pau e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i ke aliʻi ka'āina. No laila, i ka 1932 o ka Ivanovo-Voznesensk i hope Kapa hou i ke Ivanovo. Mua placename i hali i ke paʻi ana o ka mea kahiko Orthodox religiosity a ukiuki o ka Bolsheviks.

Soviet kēia māhele 'āina waena

Iloko o ka mea mua elima Ivanovo loaʻa i ke kūlana o ka "ekolu proletarian kapikala" ma hope o Moscow a me Leningrad. Ua Ua pili i ka helu nui o nā hale hana a me ka hana e wehe. I ia manawa, ai ka Soviet alakaʻi Ua hoʻolala e hoʻoneʻe i ka hoʻomalu waena o ka RSFSR i loko o kekahi 'ē aʻe kulanakauhale, oiai e waiho ana i ka Soviet kapikala ma Moscow. Mawaena o ka "moho" no ka inoa ka mea, ua a me Ivanovo, eia nae o ka papahana i ole hoʻokō.

Aka hoi, ia mea i loko o ka 20-30-ies. i ke kulanakauhale hoano e kona lua ala. Ivanovo me ka nui loa hou. Soviet nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone nana i ka mea like me ka ho'āʻo lepo no kā lākou mau ho okolohua. No ka mea, o keia i kēia lā i loko o ka 'āina' waena, ua nui na kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka wanaʻao Socialist constructivism. Other pepeiaohao nui na kulanakauhale i ka aina i ka nui loa a me ka hanana circus kula no na keiki o ka aina Communist ohana (Interdom).

Bolshevik ka kūkuluʻana Ivanovo i ua hookoeia he wahi lihi iki o ka luakini a me ka ekalesia i kukuluia ma ke czarist ka'āina. No ka laʻana, ka mea i luku Pokrovsky hoailona, a puni a ma kekahi manawa a me ka hana i ka hooponopono, a ma hope lilo i ka 'āina' waena. Kona hale i wāwahi, a ma kona wahi kukulu hana keaka Kino, a wehe i ka 1939.

Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War ua he typical mahope Ivanovo kulanakauhale. Eia ka nuipa a ka haukapilaʻo weheia no na koa, a me nā civilians i evacuated. Pinepine lakou i noho i ka pā o nā kula a me nā lehulehu hale. I ka 1942, i ke kumu no ka Palani ea regiment "Normandie-Niemen" Ua hanaia ma ka Ivanovo international airport. Na pailota kaua ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Soviet Union e kū'ē i ka Axis. Ma Ivanovo, ka mea, i noho ai i loko o kaʻawale a hemo.

modernity

Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ke Kaua Honua II i ka Ivanovo hoomaka ae la e wehe ole wale no ka mau lole hana, akā, i mīkini-hale kanu. Ka muli o hou nā hale hana alakai aku ai i ka kokololio? Anoe? O hoʻokiwikā hale i loko o ka 1980s. Ka hapa nui o kēia mau poʻe hana i keia la.

Ke kēia kūlanakauhale i hoohui i nā hiʻona o nā mea a pau mua o ka'āina. Hiki i keia manawa, ua hoopaapaa mawaena o na makaainana, ina he mea pono e hoʻi kona mōʻaukala inoa Ivanovo Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Kēia Initiative hele mai, mai activists a me na luna o ka Russian Orthodox Church. I loko nō o kēia, laekahi Ivanovo nā kupa manaoio i mea nui oi pono kahiko, i ka papa inoa o ke kulanakauhale.

hōʻailona o ke kulanakauhale

I ka makahiki 1970 ka mea i hookama kapa o na mea kaua Ivanovo. Kona peculiarity moe ana ma ka oiaio i ka mea i ole i lulumi mai typical Soviet manao - .. pahikakiwi, hāmare, hoku, etc., aka, ka mea, depicted i ka hōʻailona o ka mua Lūkini kipi - i ke kukui, e like me ka pono me ka moku ahikao loom.

Ma hope iho o kēia kapa o na mea kaua Ivanovo hoʻololi wale kekahi manawa. I ka makahiki 1996, ua hanaʻo ia i ke kiʻi o kekahi kaikamahine i loko o ka ulaula sundress a me ka headdress. Ma kona mau lima mea he spinning huila - i ka hōʻailona o ka nui lole hana. Female kiʻi ma luna o nā mea kaua - keia mea kekahi e hooiaio ai i i haawiia mai ia ia ia i ke kūlana o "ke kulanakauhale o ka wahine mare," no ke kumu. Ke kulanakauhale Ua kaulana no kona wahine weavers ulana. Ivanovo hae, aponoia ma ka 2003, ua manaʻoʻia kekahi mau mea.