Italian battleship "Roma": ano, ka home awa, hakakā hana. Regia Marina

Roma - battleship (battleship) kikokiko i Littorio, ka mea i hapa o ka Moana o Italy Royal. Ka moku i ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o ka Italia poʻo, a ua i ke kolu i loko o ka moʻo o ka battleship. Ma naʻe o ka holomua pau 'ana o nā mea a pau e ho'āʻo ai, ka mea,ʻaʻole loa e hoʻokele e hoao hoi ia ia iho ma luna o ke kahua kaua. I kēia mau lā mākou e nānā i ka mōʻaukala o ke hanaia, ke ola a me ka make ana o ka battleship "Roma", e like me kona oaoieei-ano.

hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo

Linkor "Roma" o ke kolu o kaʻano o ka moku Littorio. Ma keia mea, oko a mai ke koena mai o ka moku moʻo. Ke battleship uaʻAʻole hiki ke lawe i kaʻeleu loa i loko o malina confrontations o ke Kaua Honua II, nae, ka mea, ua manaoia e ia i kekahi 'aoʻao i ka mea no ma ka liʻiliʻi mau kumu. Mua, i ke kauwela o 1943, ka moku i lalo hoouka ma 'Amelika mokulele. A me ka lua, i ka wa a ka moku e hele i ka Anati-Hitlerʻahahui allies, ka Kelemānia air, e luku aku ia ia.

E like me ka olelo ma luna, i ka inoa o ka battleship i loko o ka hanohano o ka Italia kapikala - i ke kulanakauhale o Roma. Ma waho iā ia, i loko o ka hanohano o Roma i kapaia o elua hou na moku: o ka mea e kahiko ai ol 'i loko o ka makahiki 1865 a me ka battleship i ka 1907.

? Ieoaeunoai a me ka ikea ai

E like me ke kumumanao o ke Kuhina o ke kai o Italy no ka makahiki 1935, o ka Moana Royal ka mea, ua lilo i ke kaua, wale ka mau Ke Ana Hoʻohālike mua o ka battleship Littorioʻano. Naʻe, i loko o ka hooilo o ka makahiki 1935 mamuli Aliʻi o Staff o ka Italia Moana, Adimarala Cavagnari kaumaha aku Benito Mussolini waiho elua hou moku. Mussolini initially hoomalau i ka manaʻo, akā nō haawi i kona apono i loko o January 1937.

September 18, 1938 ma ka shipyard Cantieri del Ruiniti Adriatico ma Trieste, ua hookumuia oia battleship "Roma". June 9, 1940 ka mea, i kuu iho i loko o ka wai, a me June 14, 1942 i ka moku, ua akoakoa pau. Ke hoʻohālikelike me ka Vittorio Veneto - ka, hoʻokomo ho puke, ka battleship ua, ua hou technically. Ua hoʻomāhuahuaʻoe i ka ipu nui, a mahuahua freeboard armament: 24 kahi o ka palapala pū 32 ua ua hoʻouka kekahi Breda.

hale noho

Italian battleship loaa elongated kino, ka lōʻihi (240 m) oi aku ma mua o ka laula (32.9 m) i loko o aneane ehiku a me ka hapalua kona manawa. Ke akea oʻekolu manawa i ka precipitate (9.7 m), a me ka aeie kaʻi lau waiwai ua 0,57. Ka hauna o Ua maheleia i loko o 23 watertight compartments ma 22 ka papa kuhikuhiE transverse watertight i pohā. Ka hale noho i ka paʻa o ke anaʻoneki: o ka luna, a malalo, a me ka forecastle kāhiko a me kaʻawa a ekolu,? Iaeoe wale hapa o ka lōʻihi o ka moku. Ma ka lōʻihi o ka moku kauo iho la oia i ka papalua lalo. Barbet ma waena o ka 1st a me ka hale kiaʻi 3rd ia i inā ma ke kolu o ka, ahu iho. Maʻamau pohupani hale moku ua ma kahi o 40, a me ka huina - ma kahi o 45 tausani tona. Pohupani hale o okoa Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i loko o ka hopena ua hiki ĸokoĸa ana nä pane ma waena o 500 m.

hoʻokoe

Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka papa battleships Littorio i ka papa anuʻu loa kai pale nenoai Pugliese. Ua oia o elua concentric nā paukūʻolokaʻa, maalo ae la oia ma ka hapa papa anuʻu loa kai ma waena o Barbet 1st a me 3rd ka papa kuhikuhiE caliber mea kaua me nā hale kiaʻi. E like me ka helu o nā kānakaʻenehana, hoomalu ia'ku papa anuʻu loa kai Naita me ua like me 350 kilograms o TNT. I mea, e lawe mai i ka 'ohana ka palekana o ia nā hoailona i nele,ʻano nui, no ka haahaa ikaika o riveted pili' o Randy. Ka mānoanoa o ka lei ka hunāhunā kaulua mai ka 70 a hiki i 280 mm o. Kanaka hehee wale ka moku i ke kēia ka hunāhunā kona mānoanoa.

1. Main kāhiko - 90-162 mm o.
2. Luna kāhiko - 45 mm o.
3. I ka hale kiaʻi o ka papa kuhikuhiE ahi - 200-350 mm o.
4. Akua aku la - 280-350 mm o.

Power kanu

Littorio papa moku ua lako pono me ka eha ewalu ieoaeunoai a me turbines, i ka huina nona iho o ka i ua 128 oi ma mua o ka tausani horsepower. Ua ua lawa i na propellers eha, e lūlū aku i ka moku a hiki i ka mämä holo o ka 30 knots. Huahelu moku hele i ka māmā holoʻawelike o ka 14 knots ua aneane 5,000 mile.

Pela, ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka holo e like ai, o ka battleship "Littorio" 'ano ua noho pu me ka mea maikaʻi o ko lākou manawa i loko o ka papa. E like me ka hele holo moku ke paʻi me keʻano American o ka moku Iowa a me Palani moku Richelieu. Eia naʻe, e like me ka Italia battleships cruising huahelu mea mau manawa emi iki mahope o ke i hoakaka ia nā kānaka hoʻokūkū. battleship "Roma" hiki ole wahie nenoaiu no o ka mea uuku nona iho, e hoike mai ai ia ia oo.

moku

battleship luina oia o 92 luna, 122 NCOs 134 a me 1506 starshina luina. Ināʻo ia e hana e like me ka moku lawe hae moku, ka poʻe inā ilamuku (mai ka 11 a hiki i 38 kanaka), e like me ka poe lunakahiko, a me na luina (mai ka 20 a hiki i 30 kanaka).

weaponry

Ka battleship "Roma" kahikoia me kēia mau hana:

1. 65 Breda Mod (20 mm).
2. 54 Breda Mod (37 mm).
3. 50 Mod (90 mm).
4. 55 Mod (152 mm).
5. 50 Ansaldo Mod (381 mm).

Ma parentheses ma hope o hōʻike i ka inoa o ka mea nui.

oihana

Benito Mussolini kauoha ole, e lawe mai i kekahiʻoihana moku rearmament a hiki i ka makahiki 1933. I ka makahiki 1933, na battleships kahiko o Conte di Aloha Cavour hele aku la i ka modernization, a me nā kēia makahiki elua moku hou, i ike ia ia Vittorio Veneto a me Littorio i waiho. I May aʻe makahiki i ke Kuhina o ko Hawaii hoʻomaka e hoomakaukau i kekahi polokalamuʻelima-makahiki o kaʻoihana moku e kukulu, i ka loaʻa o ka hana o ka 4 battleships, 4 cruisers, 3 mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele a me ka 54 mokuluu.

I ka pauʻana o ka makahiki 1935, Mussolini i loaa ma ka Adimarala Domenico Cavagnari manaʻoi hāpai 'ia e kūkulu i loko o ka? Aieao o kēia polokalamu, elua hou ano o ka battleship Littorio, i mea e hōʻoi' i ko lakou hiki wale mai i loko o kaʻaoʻao kū'ē i ka hiki hoouka ana o ke kuikahi Franco-o Beritania. Ka mea, ua pili ana i ka moku Roma, a Impero. Benito Mussolini i ole lawe koke olelo hooholo e pili ana i ka wā e hiki mai hana o battleships, akā, i loko o kakahiaka 1937 ma hope o nā mea a pau i aponoia i ka manaʻo Cavagnari. Ma ka pau ana o keia makahiki, moku papahana i ua apono ia, a me na dala no kā lākou kūkulu unuhi kuleana kanaka.

August 21, 1942 i ka battleship "Roma" hiki i loko o ke awa o Toronto, a hui i ka haku mele 'ana o ka iwa o ka mahele. I loko nō o ka mea i ka battleship komo i loko o ka hookoikoi, a ua kipa kela koa mau kumu, uaʻaʻohe hakakā poe mikanele no ia. Ke kumu o ua i ka Italia Moku desperately e hoola wahie. November 12, 1942 i ka moku e like me ka Roma, Littorio a me Vittorio Veneto, i hoʻoneʻe mai Toronto a hiki i Napela, ma muli o ka Ally kaua o North Africa. En ala hele o ka moku i hao i ka Pelekania mokuluu HMS Umbra, a, nae, i ole e hoolilo ia lakou i kekahi ia ia ka poino.

Ka hoouka Americans

December 4, ia Amerika, hoomaka ae la ka piha-me ka unahiʻole e poipu ma Napela, ma ka manaolana, e luku aku i ka Italia Moku, hoʻokahi cruiser i loa ka lukuia, a mau i seriouslyʻino wale. Mau lā ma hope, Roma moku, hou aku la Littorio, a Vittorio Veneto ma ka huli ana i ka oi maluhia wahi. I keia manawa, i kēia wahi i ke awa o La Spezia (Italy). Ua loaa i ke kūlana o ka moku moku lawe hae o o ka Moana Royal. A hiki April 1943 ke awa o La Spezia (Italy) maalo ae ia ma ka kaua hana. Akā, ua hoʻopioʻia ka malie i ma April 14, a me ka moku "Roma" no ka manawa mua i hele mai ma lalo o ka mana ea hoouka Americans. April 19 airstrike i hai. Ka moku e holo, a i ole loaa kekahi nā palapū nui.

June 5, 1943 ka battleship i ole ke ku imua o ka lewa puʻe o na allies. Ma ka mea, me ka B-17 i hāʻule mau kapa kila-hou iwi he 908 kg kēlā me kēia. Kekahi o na hopeʻia ÿö ka forecastle kāhiko, a moku ma kahi o 222-la maoli. Haule i loko o ka wai, ka mea, ua exploded kokoke ma kaʻaoʻao'ākau, 32 ^m2 ā 'inoʻino kekahi kona papa anuʻu loa kai hapa. Wai komo i loko o ka aina, mai 221 la a hiki i 226 la ponoi. Ka lua o ka iwi exploded i loko o ka wai, mai kaʻaoʻao hema, ma kahi o 200-la maoli a me kaʻino wale ² 30 m papa anuʻu loa kai lei. I ka wai, waikahe ka wahi me ka 198 la i 207 la mōlina. E like me ka hopena, i ka 2350 o ka moku, loaa ae nei i ka tona o ke kai. He i poho wale, no ka mea hope, ua ole pahū a me ka mea kaua-e hou ana i.

Ua hahauʻia nā oi Honolulu hopeʻia Night June 23 battleship. Ka mua hookolokolo keena, a me ka pipeline i alakaʻi i kokololio caiieiaiey o e pili kulekele. Ka lua o ka iwi ku i ka endplate kolu 381 mm o Tora, a alakai ai i ka hōʻemi iki poino i pili hale. Mai ka hopeʻia pua wahi i maikaʻi-kapa kila, 'inoʻino loa i ka battleship ua i loaa. Eia naʻe, ua koke hou hoʻololi i ke awa o Kakau o ka moku, e like me ka mea i ma ka pono o ka hoomaemae. Lune 1 ka moku i hiki ai ma Genoa, a ma 13 August, mea hou hoi i La Spezia.

I ka make ana o ka battleship

September 9, 1943 ma lalo o ka hae o Adimarala Bergamini battleship "Roma" Ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o ke kai ma ke poo o ka Italia'auwaʻa, ostensibly poʻomanaʻo, 'o ia Salerno e hoouka aku Ally amphibious koa. Italians koke hoʻololi papa, a poai puni i ka Malta. Kelemānia scouts koke hoike i ka manao o ko lākou mau allies kahiko, a me ka koke, i ka wa a ka Italia'auwaʻa kokoke ke awawa Sardinian, German mokulele Dornier E 217, a i kahikoia me ka kaumaha Radio-lāʻau glide hopeʻia "Fritz-X", ua makaukau e hoouka battleships. Na Italians i ole laweʻeleu hana, no ka mau kumu. Mua, na Kekoa ua kiʻekiʻe lawa, a me ka hooholo lākou insignia ua hiki ole i. A me ka, lua o ka, - Bergamini kii ia allies airplanes i hiki aku ai, e uhi mai ka lewa squadron.

Kelemānia manao kuka i ole Ally, a ma 15:37 ka mea, hoomaka e hoouka aku i ka battleships Littorio a me ka Roma. Aie i ka mea i hoomaka koke i ka moku i kaʻoihana kaʻa e hookahuli ai i ka pailota, ka mea e hoʻokele ai i loko i ka hoouka mua. Eia naʻe, 15 minuke ma hope o ka pōkā pahū ku ee moku Littorio, kokoke i ka mea kaua'ōnaehana, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - pono i loko o ka moku "Roma".

Pōkā pahū "Fritz-X" ku i ka pono forecastle oluna, i loko o ka wā mawaena ma waena o 100 a me 108 mōlina. Ua wawahi ma na Hono o ka papa anuʻu loa kai hoomalu, a exploded i loko o ka wai, pono ma lalo o ka hinu hauna. Ka Naita alakai i ka mea e make ai o ka papa anuʻu loa kai hapa o ka moku, a ua hoopihaia oia me ka hikiwawe loa kai. Ma kekahi mea o nā minuke ia i waikahe: leo engine lumi, ke kolu o ka mana mea kanu, e like me ka hiku, a walu ieoaeunoai lumi. No ka mea, o ke poho a hiki i ka pou uwea ma ka hope o ka huakai kaapuni hoʻomaka e hiki mai, a ma hope o ia mau mea - uila ke ahi.

At 16:02 Regia Marina hope nalowale ka battleship "Roma": ka lua o ka pōkā pahū ku i ka forecastle pono ma waena o 123 a me 126 mōlina, wawahi ae la ma ka papahele, a exploded i loko o ka mua engine lumi. Ua hoʻomaka 'ana i ka nui ahi e kena ae i ka detonation o ka mea kaua nasal haleahuaila. Lapalapa ahi lele aku mai Barbet lua o ka hale kiaʻi 381 mm o mai i kekahi mau na umi o mika, a me ka halekiai iho i wāwahiʻia, a haule iho moku. Ma hope o ka moʻo o ka nunui Naita me ia hauna o wawahi ae e pili ana i ke kakaka superstructure. Papa inoa e starboard, ia capsized a ihola.

Mai ka makahiki 1849 na luina, i ka lā ma luna o ka "Roma", ola 596. wale E like me kekahi hoike, kekahi mau luna noho ma luna o ka moku me ko lākou mauʻohana. Moku Littorio ua luckier -ʻo ia, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, i ole mokuhia e. I ka wā o ka hoouka moku, ka Italians koke noi Malta no ka lewa uhi, i ka i i hooleia: Ally mokulele limahana ma ka lewa uhi amphibious kīmopō i di Aloha Salerno.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka battleship "Roma" kauoha o ka squadron i luna o ka Adimarala Ae Zara. He Ua nānā 'ole mea i ka mokuāhana iā Malta. Ma ka hopena, lalau aku i ua pakele Roma luina, mai ka moku, ka cruiser Attilio Regolo, 3 i pepehi, a alakaʻi i ka moku, hele akula i ka Port o Mahon.

Hopena o ka hana

Battleship he maikai ka manaʻolana 'ia, akā, i ka malama aku i loko o ka Italia Moana i ka huina o 15 mahina. Iloko o keia manawaʻo ia i mau kakini ioaaeia i loko o ke kai, akā, ua i komo i loko o kekahi hakakāʻana hana. I huina, i ka moku i hooholoia 2492 mile. Ma ke kai ka mea, ua mālama 'ia 133 hola o ka holo. Iloko o keia manawa ka mea i hala 3320 na tona o ka wahie. 63 mau lā o ka moku i ka hana hou ia.

Ma June 2012, he papa anuʻu loa kai lopako Pluto Palla loaʻa i ka wreck. Ua Ua Aia ma ka hohonu o ka 1000 mika, ma kahi o 30 kilomika, mai ka'ākau kahakai o Sardinia. September 10, 2012 ma ka wahi ma Roma Poho, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka Italia ol' i mea hoʻomanaʻoʻana.

ka hopena

Italian battleship (battleship) "Roma" i alahula mau Loaʻaʻia, a hiki lilo i poʻokela ipu, akā, Eia naʻe, i kona moʻolelo i pau aneane mua ia i hoomaka ai. Paha i ka hopena o ka moku i ka wepa, a hiki i kekahi manawa, i ka wa Benito Mussolini hoole ia. Eia naʻe, mōʻaukala mea replete me ka hihia ma ka poʻokela hualoaʻa i hōʻike like keʻano hana i i makemake ole e lawe ma luna o ka moku.