Ivan Bohun - Zaporizhia Army colonel. Mōʻaukala o Ukraine

Mawaena o ka pūkaua, ka mea i alakai i ka waena o ka XVII kenekulia i ka paio ana o Zaporizhzhya Cossacks ku ei ka Polish 'uao, ka loa kaulana Colonel Ivan Bohun. I keia pilikia manawa no kona motherlandʻo ia i ho'āʻo iho i wale me he patriotʻoiaʻiʻo, akā, i like me ka mohai anei koa alakaʻi, hiki ke alakai ana ma ke kula, a ma ka hoomalu ana o ke kūlanakauhale. He nui no ka hana, lawe mai lakou i komo i ka moʻolelo o ka moolelo, a lilo i kekahiʻano o ka puke no ka wā e hiki mai luna.

Kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence ua hūnāʻia ma ka mōʻaukala

Mōʻaukala ua i malamaia i ka pono 'ike e pili ana i kona wā kamaliʻi a me i kakahiaka nui makahiki o ke ola. Oia hoi, ua ike wale ka hola o ka lā o ka hanau ana. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka wā e hiki mai i hanau Colonel i ka 1618 ma Bratslav. O kona inoa mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa i waena o noiʻi. Kekahi ike ia e like me ka inoa kapakapa, mai ka hua'ōlelo "Bohun" ma Ukrainian o ia hoʻi, ka laau no ka maloʻo ana upena. He nui nā manaʻo i ke kanaka opiopio la o Ivan i hooholoia ma Wild Field - hehi māhele 'āina ma waena o ka Dniester, a me ka Don.

E hoʻomaka i ka hana a hiki i ka Motherland

Ka hoʻomaka me Documentary hoike o Ivan Bohun lae i kona kuleana i loko o ka uprising e kū'ē i ka Hetman gentry, alakaʻi ma ke poo o ka Zaporozhye Cossacks Iakoba Ostryanina. Kona inoa ua kekahi ua hoʻopili i ka Episode kaulana o ka paio no ka lahui kuokoa - Azov noho. Loko makahiki elima (1637 - 1642) pu me ka Cossacks Don Cossacks ku i ka Turkish kaua o Suletana Ibrahim, i ka pua ana o ke kulanakauhale o Azov. Ma keia'ōlohe wiwo pale Cossack poe ma lalo o ke kauoha o Bohun palekana mai ka poe enemi strategically nui 'āpana - Borevskuyu i kela kapa o ka Seversky Donets.

A hiki i ka 1648 he kipi wawahi ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Bogdana Hmelnitskogo mai, kena ae la ma ka hooikaika ana o ka Polish feudal ka hoʻoluhi hewa a me ka pono ka ho'ēmiʻana o Cossack Ivan Bohun i waena o kona alakaʻi. A makahiki ma hope, e like me Vinnitsa colonel, ua alakaʻi 'o kekahi mau makahiki o ka pale ma luna o Polish kaua Vinnitsa a me Bratslav. Here, me ka halawai mana hoike aku i kona alakaʻi tālena i ae la ia ia, a me ke kākoʻo mai o ka sīwila heluna o ke kulanakauhale, lanakila 'o ia i ka hńne e lanakila.

Berestetskaya ke kaua a me ka kai eʻe ma Moldova

I kekahi Episode o kona maikaʻi loa koa ala i ke kaua ma waena o nā koa o ka Zaporozhye Cossacks a me na koa o na mokuaina, ana i ka hoʻomaka o June 1651 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Berestechko ma ka Styr River. Ma keia kaua, na Cossacks, i pepehi kupaʻa allies Tatars, akā, no ka mea, o Bohun, ua hiki ke ponoʻole loaʻa mai o ka hoʻolilo 'ia a no ka hoʻomau i ka kaua. Wae koke ma mua o ka hetman, hoʻi i kapa hoʻohanohano iā ia iho e like me ka naauao a me ka akamai alihi kaua.

I ka 1653 ka Cossack pūʻali koa ma lalo o ke kauoha o Ivana Boguna a me Timofeya Hmelnitskogo - keiki Bogdana Hmelnitskogo, i ka holo ana i ka Moldova. Kēia hana i pau i loko o ka make ana o ke keiki a ka hetman o Zaporizhzhya Cossack poʻe kaua a me ka make. Once i loko o kekahi mea paʻakikī kulana, Bohun e hoʻokele ponoʻole, e haalele i kona pūʻali kaua, mai ke kaiapuni, a lawe i ke kino o Timoteo. Up a i ka hopena o ka mea e hiki mai ana, 1654,ʻo ia komo ma lehulehu paipai aʻo kai eʻe e kū'ē i ka poʻe hao wale o ka mokuaina, a komo pū iā lākou i loko o ka Union o Tatar hao wale. I ka papa kuhikuhiE mau mea o kona koa ana i loko o ia manawa ua Bratslavshchina a me Uman.

A kākoʻo iā ia, no ka Kuokoa o ka Zaporizhzhya hao wale

Ua ua ike ia Ivan Bohun i ka inaina hoa paio o kekahi ho'āʻoʻana i ka hoʻokaeʻili i ka pono o Cossack liberties. Kēia i ke kumu no kona loa io e pili ana i Bogdanom Hmelnitskim Ua kakauinoa ia ma September 1651 Belotserkovskii honua. I kona komo ana i loko o kēia 'aelike i kaʻauamo, Ukrainian Cossacks hetman nele i nā mea a pau pomaikai, hua mai la e ia i loko o ka papa o ka kaua uprising i ka 1648.

No ka mea ia kumu Bohun i ka hoa paio a me ka rapprochement me Moscow. A hiki i ka 1654 ma Pereyaslavl i popularly hooholoia oa ?? eoi 'ē aʻe, ka mea uumi i ka Zaporozhian poe kaua, a me Rusia, Vinnytsia colonel i ole hele i ka hale kanawai, a i ole lawe a me ka hoohiki ana a pau o Russian Tsar. A lohe o Bogdan Khmelnitsky make Bohun kela oluolu o Hetman Ivana Vygovskogo a me Yuriya Hmelnitskogo i loko o kā lākou mau hana, e hookupaa aku i ka Kuokoa o ka Cossacks i kamaʻilio helu o ka wahi lulu, a kuwaho. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, oia denounced i ko lakou hoao ana i rapprochement me ka hana kuʻuna poe enemi o ka Cossacks - Poland a me Tureke.

March ma Poland a me ke kumu o ka hoʻokō 'ole'

I ka 1656 i ka nui Cossack ho okumu ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka hetman Anton Zhdanovicha hana nui mahina Pilisetia ma luna o ka mokuna o Poland. Kona manaʻo,ʻo ia, e kōkua i ka Wallachian a me Kuekene kaua, e alakai hakakā ana e ku e ia huahelu o ke Polish alii. I waena o nā luna ua Ivan Bohun. Ia n oaa i ko lakou ala i ke ahi a me ka pahi kaua, i ka Cossacks i Kakow, Warsaw a me Brest. Akā, laila, i kekahi mea unexpected hiki: ka Cossacks, ua aoia i ka moho i wahi me ka ae ole o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, a ka mea, hoohiki iho la lakou, hoole e hoʻomau i ke kaua. E like me ka hopena, na tausani o ka poʻe hao wale i loko o ke kauwela o 1657, hoi aku a hiki i Hetman.

Ka enemi Vygovskogo aelike

Mau makahiki ma hope ua ka hanana nui ino ka patriotic manaʻo o Ivana Boguna. Ma September 1658, ma Gadyach like i kakau inoa ma waena o ka hetman Ivanom Vygovskim a me Poland. E like me keia palapala, i ka ?? eoi? Holoʻokoʻa o Zaporizhia Army Ua manao ia e kekahi hapa o ka mokuaina ma ka pono o ke kolu o ka lālā o ka hui anaʻeluaʻaoʻao o Poland a me Lithuania. Ua hilahila hana i ole e loaa i ka ikaika, e like me ka mea i ole apono ia e ka Polish Sejm.

Eia naʻe, kauoha ae la oia i ka uprising hoala Bohun a me kona mau poʻe kākoʻo iā Vygovskogo. E like me ka hopena, ua hee o ke kumakaia o na pomaikai a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka holo i Poland. Like me, Vinnytsia Colonel ua hiki ia lakou ke ku imua, a Yuriyu Hmelnitskomu, kakau i ka 1660 Slaboschensky hoonoho, infringes ka pono o ka Cossacks.

koa 'oihana ka napoo ana o

A makahiki ma hope, e lilo ana i ka colonel Bohun Duchy o Lithuania, a ma ka 1661, hoi aku la oia i kona'āina,ʻo ia 'oe e komo pu me Yuriem Hmelnitskim i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Lūkini luna elua - Gregory a me Gregory Kosagova Ramodanovskogo. Ma kēia mau kaua koa pomaikai huli aku, mai ona aku. E hana i na mea oi aku, i loko o ka pōkole manawa i hopu ia auamo.

Ma hope o Noho i kekahi manawa i loko o ka halepaahao, a ua hookuu ia e King, akā, me ke ano i ka mea, e komo 'ana i loko o lākou kai eʻe ku ei ka hema Bank. Ma Yana ua Kazimira manao, e ke ahi a me ka pahi kaua, e lanakila aku maluna iho i ka kūloko heluna mai Kiev a hiki i Novgorod Seversky. Me ka naau kaumaha i hele aku i loko o keia kai eʻe o Ivan Bohun, akā, i ka poʻe uʻi a pau āna i hana ole.

Kū'ē i nāʻauamo, a me ka make māinoino o

Mōʻaukala hōʻike ia, mai ke kakahiaka nui lā o ka Cossack colonel hoʻomaka e i ino ai i ka auamo, a me ka mea a pau pono ka 'Oihana e ālai ia' me ko lakou mau kumumanao. I ka Ia manawa, ka mea i malama pono ana i ka make ana o ke kulanakauhale, hoopio iho la ia ma lalo o kona kauoha huahelu. E like me ka poʻe kaua o Yana Kazimira i ole i lawa koa e hana i nā pūʻali koa ma ka noho panalāʻau e noho, he no o ka uprising lilo i ka poʻe i noho ma na noho i koe ma hope o ka hoʻokikina regiments.

I ka mokuaina poʻe hao wale hoʻopilikia Glukhov, Ivan Bohun i kela e hoʻoikaika ana i ka i kōkua i kona nā kupa. No ka mea, ua he lâlâ o ka oihana hookolokolo o ka Polish kaua, ua ike oia i na mea kiko'ī o ka hiki mai ka ino, a haawi mai la ia i na defenders o ke kulanakauhale. Ma waho aʻeo i ka nui hana ana ike, ka mea, ua hiki ia smuggle i ka hoʻopilikia laau o ka pauka a me nuclei. Kona manao me ke ahiahi, he mea haohao hoouka mai i ka hope o ka auamo, i ka wa a lakou e e hoʻohana i ka hoouka i ke kulanakauhale.

Akā, Eia naʻe, ma keia kana mau hana la ia mea i ke alii, ka poe i kena ae hopu i ke koke o Bohun. Soon ka halawai o ka mahinaʻai koa Aha, i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka Cossack colonel a me kekahi mau no kona kākoʻo i ka make. I ka hoohewaia e Ua hana koke. ¶ A hiki i Pepeluali 17, 1664. Pela i make ai ka poʻe hao wale Zaporizhzhya meʻe Ivan Bohun, kona Kawaihae ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka paio e ku ei ka Hetman o Polish komohewa.

Ukraine ua malamaia ka hoomanao ana o kona poe koa keiki. Ma hope o ke kipi, ka regiment, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Nikolai Shchors, i ka inoa o Bogunovskim. Ua Ua kapaia ma hope o Kiev Koa Lyceum. Ma na kulanakauhale he nui o Ukraine Ivan Bohun inoa alanui, a ma ka 2007, ka National Ukrainian panakō palapala i ke dala me kona kiʻi. Ka paʻa o ka meʻe a malamaia ma ka pelupelu ia i loko o kona hanohano ma ka kaulana Ukrainian poʻe mele.