Ka hana'ōnaehana - he hana-hana'ōnaehana ... Ka makamake nui

Ka hana'ōnaehana - he ano o ka mahiʻai landowner ma Rusia i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia - hoʻomaka o ka 20th kenekulia, Moʻolako a me ka hana ana o na kauwa no ka aina hoolimalima, .. Loan kālā a me kaʻai, no ka wahie kumuhana, nanea ana, etc.ʻano likeʻole o ka developmental nenoai i sharecropping a me ka sharecropping. Meaning o ka hua'ōlelo "hoʻouku" i loko o ka Dictionary - i ka hana o na kauwa ma luna o ka'āina o ka landowner i uku no ka aina hoolimalima ma hope o ka abolition o serfdom.

aina tenancy

Sharecropping - he ano o ka aina hoolimalima ma ka apana uku a hiki i ka mea nāna o ke kaʻana like 'ana o kaʻohi. Ua Ua wehewehe akuʻano nui i loko o ka mālama '-capitalist a underdeveloped capitalist ano o ka hanaʻino o ka liʻiliʻi nā hoʻohua. Ka muli o ka capitalism kūlana o ka palapala o ke hoʻololi i ka feudal pololei o ka aina, ua haehae i ka capitalist mai. Sharecropping nō pilikia i loko o kekahi mau aina me ke kea laa, o feudalism (ka United States, Italy, South-West Palani, Sepania). Ma na hikina aina ia i ke alakai kau like keʻano o ka hoolimalima.

sharecropping

Sharecropping - he ano o ka sharecropping, ma ka hoolimalima no ka aina i manaoia mea nana ka waiwai, o ka hapalua o kaʻohi. Kēia hana o ka mahiʻai ua loa, he pono ole, o ka oi aku i loko o kaʻeleʻele lepo wahi o ka hema o Rusia.

Developmental ano o ka'ōnaehana

Kind o developmental nenoai i'āina like. Aia i laila-kapaia podesyatinnye loaʻa kālā izdelny ma waena, aaioee laps (kekahi hooilo, a hoʻokahi hapaʻumi o ka hapaʻumi o ke kau) - ma keia hihia kauwa i hoolimalimaia, no ke kālā i ke kō nona 'aina a me kā lākou mau mea lapaʻau. I kekahi manawa kauwa i ka berena a me ka noi kālā, hoopaa ia i ka hana me kona hoihoi uku. Kēiaʻano pahu he ano hiʻona: ke hana-hana'ōnaehana - kalaka nui-feudal 'ano o ka mahiʻai, e aahu kuala, ka noho luhi ana ma waena.

I kekahi manawa kauwa hana "no ka noho nanea oe" (lawe i ke kuleana e hooko i ka hoopai i hoakaka ia ma ke kānāwai no ka nanea), e hana "o ka hanohano" - no ka mea ai, kokoke i kekahi mea, no laila, i ole e lilo kekahi manawa kūpono o ka hoʻolimalima i mai na konohiki. Eia hoi, he ākea i hana mai i loko o ka palapala o ka sharecropping.

He aha mea i ka hana-hana'ōnaehana ma ka mōʻaukala?

Na mau Mail-mihi makahiki, ka haku hale hoʻokele waiwai, ua he hoʻololi i capitalist ano o ka'āina i loko o hoʻi no feudal. Ua hele mai e puku i ke kahiko hana-hana nenoaiu - keia mea i ka pā o ka i ua i hoomaka ai ka a puni mahiʻai, e mahi i ka haku hale ka aina a me kā lākou mau mea lapaʻau, a lawe ia mai.

Ke koena unuhi me ka serfdom ua 'aneʻi i ka mahiai ua e komo i loko o ka palapala' pilina me ka haku hale, a me ka mea, ua mua he noa ke kanaka. hoomaka mākou e hana market kanawai o ka lako a me ka koi. Eia naʻe, hana-hana'ōnaehana i kona drawbacks. Mai ka haku hale i ka mea he monopoly, ka mea, ua pinepine dictate i kekahi hua'ōlelo i ko na kauwa, a haawi i ka hou nenoaiu o ka noho luhi ana. Ka hana'ōnaehana - heʻilihune o ka landlessness o kauwa lawe mai ma hope o ka 1861 mihi, e like me ka manaʻo koikoi o ka pae aina.

Uku ia ka hoike ana

ʻIkepili ia mai kekahi mau kumu hōʻike ana i ka palapala hoopaa a me ka developmental ma waena uku mau lower ka wā like me ka capitalist "noa" ma waena. Natural i haehaeʻia loa ikaika hoʻomohala i loko o ka poʻeʻilihune kua'āina pūʻulu, a ua koi e hoolimalima i kekahi kua'āina ka mea hiki ole ke ku imua o kona loli i loko o ka mahiʻai poe hana.

Waiwai mahiʻai i kamaʻilioʻana i ka lawe aina i ke kala. Ka haku hana imi e e kala no ka mea i haehaeʻia, hiki hoemi lilo o ka aina kāki. Ka awelika uku no ka aaioee o na kauwa a me kā lākou mau mea lapaʻau i ka hapaʻumi o kaʻai, he 6 rubles. (ʻIkepili mai 1883-1891 GG, Ma kaʻeleʻele honua kāʻei). Free hana oaeuiinoe me 6 rubles. 19 kopecks. wale no ka hana ma ka wawae, me ka lawe i ka mooolelo o ka lio ka hana (e e uku kaawale ma ka liʻiliʻi 4 rubles. 50 kopecks.).

Ke prevalence o developmental nenoai

Land mea nona lawe pomaikai nui, e haehae "oki-aku" o ka kua'āina ona. No laila, i loko o ka Centralʻeleʻele-honua kāʻei, kahi Hoʻohana manaʻo no ka nui hapa o ka aina, hana-hana'ōnaehana mea loa mahaloia. Eia hou, i ka aina ma keia wahi ua puleʻAmelika, mahiʻai, ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ke kaupalena lawaia kūpono.

Ma ka hanalima'āina o Black Honua nui māhele'āina, a ma kaʻaoʻao hema o Rusia i loko o ka mau makahiki mua ma hope o ka mihi, ua i hoʻololi i ka capitalist aneiai'ōnaehana, hoʻohana hoʻolimalima hana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻiʻana mahiʻai 'ana i kūpono. An laʻana o keia 'ano o ka hana a ka mahiʻai A. N. Engelgardta hōʻike ma ka "palapala mai ke kauhale".

Lalo o kekahi papa e pili ana i 80s o ka 19th kenekulia (ʻikepili Anienskogo NF), ai ka lākiō o ka lewa developmental a me capitalist ano o ka mahiʻai.

Mai ka papaʻaina mea hiki ke manao ia i loko o nā makahiki 80 o ka 19th kenekulia i loko o Rusia ma ka pau capitalist nenoaiu o ka mahiʻai mea nui aku, he pono ole ma mua o developmental. Ka hana ana mai o ke 'ano mua (wā na kauwa lawe mai i ka hana a me kā lākou mau mea lapaʻau) i auou caiaiai ma ka ka hoike ana o ka lua o ka ano (ʻilihune mahiai hiki hoʻohana landowner Moʻolako). Evolution o ka mahiʻai moe kaʻoi loa i loko o ka hoʻololi mua a hiki i ka hana aku o ka lua o ka ano, laila, a hiki i ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka capitalist uku. I ka makahiki ulia o ka hihia o "kipi," a laila, e hoʻomaka hou lanakila. Moʻolelo e hoailona oukou kona vitality, no ka mea, hana-hana'ōnaehana - ka kekahi i hana mau ia nei a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka 20th kenekulia.

Keakea developmental kahua

Kēia mahi hana ke ola, ina o ka haku hale ua nui pono e hoolimalima i ka hookauwa kua'āina ma mua o ka sīwila limahana. Ua lohi oaoieei-holomua, mai ka wā hoʻohana 'ana i nā degere he mahiʻai' ana i kūpono mai ai e ho'ōla aku haʻahaʻa mahiai. Ka hopena ua haʻahaʻa productivity, 'ole, no, ka hua ma luna o ka aina o konohiki ana developmental'ōnaehana ua haʻahaʻa ma mua o ke kua'āina allotments ahiahi.

Hoʻouku alakai aku ai i ka make a me ka impoverishment o kauwa, ka oi aku o ka waena papa, na mea i hala i ka loa ke komo pū o loko o kēia hoʻokele waiwai kahua. 'Aʻole surprisingly, i kēia hana o ka mahi me ka manawa lilo kona ano, e ae ana i ka hou laekahi, capitalist' ano apau loa.