Ka maikai âlapa pôhili i loko o ke ao nei: o ka nui geniuses ekolu

Ma nā kenekulia mau hope i ke ao nei i ka mōʻaukala o ka Mū Kākela me ka nui helu o ka nui inoa. Akā, i waena o lākou, e hiki nō ke kahińuli ka poe hiki ke kapaʻia ka nui geniuses. A pau i ka nui âlapa pôhili me - ekolu. 'O kēia Garry Kasparov, Bobby Fischer, Pol Morfi.

Garry Kasparov: Kawaihae a me ka mua successes

Garry Kasparov - i ke ano akamai nui o ka Mū Kākela. E like me kaʻumikumamākolu ao ua kanaka koa lā,ʻo ia haʻalele i kona 'oihana i loko o kona Kuhina Nui. Akā, hiki i keia manawa, i ka maikai âlapa pôhili i loko o ke ao nei, e mamuli o ka maikaʻi o kona holoholona hihiu.

Kasparov Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ohana ma ka Baku ma ka makahiki 1963. Kona mau mākua, nā makua kāne a me kona makuwahine i nā kānakaʻenehana. No kekahi ike pono i na makahiki mua, ua hoihoi i loko o Mū Kākela, Harry. Pono hoʻokahi wale nō hihia - ka wā i elima makahiki ke keiki,ʻo ia'ōlelo i kona makua kāne pāʻoihana etude, i i paʻiʻia ma ka nūpepa. Kokoke noonoo ana i ka hiki o ko lākou mau keiki, nā mākua manao e hoouna aku ia ia i ka Mū Kākela pauku.

loaa inoa

Iloko o ka makahiki mua o ke ao, Harry ua eo i ka mua o ka huakaʻi ma ka Mū Kākela. I ka Ia manawa, Harry ua hoouna me he lālā o ka Azerbaijani Amelika Huipû i ka Vilnius. Aia i ka wā e hiki mai i ka oi Mū Kākela pôpeku ma ke ao nei ike i kona wā e hiki mai kaʻi, mentor a me ka hoa Aleksandrom Nikitinym. Ma ka'ōlelo aʻo a Nikitin, Kasparov kaʻina kānāwai i kona mau haʻawina ma ke kula ma ka palapala Mū Kākela Botvinnik, a nui koke lilo i Hope Mū Kākela makua'lii.

I ka 1974, i ke aloha a hiki i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana o kona makuwahine, Harry hookipa mai i ka hou inoa (o kona inoa ma ka hanau ua Weinstein), a he aupuni 'ē aku. I ka 1975, Kasparov mea he alakaʻi i loko o ka Soviet Mū Kākela Championship i waena o Junior. I ka makahiki 1980,ʻo ia mua loaa mai i ka inoa o ka grandmaster. I ka makahiki 1984, ka mea i hoʻomaka ka confrontation nui ma waena o nā kānaka nunui o ka Mū Kākela - Garry Kasparov a me Anatoly Karpov. Ke kaua no ka Poʻokela Honua i pau ai i ka makahiki 1985, ia nā kumu kāki no ka inoa a hiki i Kasparov 13th Mū Kākela champion.

Pol Morfi: ka makahiki i kakahiaka nui

Kiʻekiʻe o ka maikai âlapa pôhili i loko o ka honua a me ka manawa a ka loaʻa o ka ha o ka champion - Paul Morphy. He Ua hanau ia ma New Orleans, i loko o ka 'ano waiwai ohana. Mai ke kakahiaka nui a elemakule i kona hoomanao haohao nui makua. No ka laʻana, au i hele ai i loko o ka hale na loio i ka mahalo i ka uʻi Paul ike ma ka naau, a pau nā kānāwai o ka Moku'āina 'o Louisiana Kanawai Kivila. Kona 'anakala i kekahi o ka mea nui loa Mū Kākela âlapa pôhili me o ke kulanakauhale. Childʻaʻole i ao mai ai i ka rula o ka holoholona hihiu -ʻo ia i haku nou i ke akamai o ko lākou iho. I ka makahiki o ka 10 makahiki, Pol Morfi i kekahi o ka mea maikaʻi i loko o New Orleans.

Kaniak ke koa inoa

Omaka Ua waiho Mū Kākela 'oihana o Paul Morphy ma ka hoʻonohonoho' Mū Kākela hoʻokûkû ma Lākana. I kona makahiki 20, ua lilo iho la i ka oi Mū Kākela pôpeku ma Amerika, kuikui no i kona mau ka loaʻaʻana. Mai o ka haneri nā pāʻaniʻo ia nalowale wale 5 - a no ka poe ana i luku aku i ka maikai âlapa pôhili i loko o ke ao nei. Ma ka holoʻokoʻa mōʻaukala o ka Mū Kākela grandmaster ua,ʻaʻole ia i makemake e like me ke kaila o ka hula Morphy. He Ua hookoaiaʻe e wikiwiki, sophistication a me ka aggressiveness.

Ka loa controversial i poʻokela 'i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Bobby Fischer

ʻumikumamākahi o ka World Mū Kākela poʻokela o Amelika Bobby Fischer. He Ua hanau ia ma Chicago i ka 1943. Mother o ka wā e hiki mai Mū Kākela ua he Iudaio e noho ana ma Kuikilana. Makua - he German biologist i hoʻoneʻe mai ka Soviet Union ma Chile.

Bobby Fischer, ma ka hou ana i kona Poʻokela Honua, i ikeia, a hana hoike. No ka laʻana, e like me ka teenager, oia koi ana i ke kula - ke wahi mea loa pointless a me na wahine e ole e holopono ana ma laila no ka mea, o kona stupidity. I mau, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i lawaiʻa a me nā luna âlapa pôhili i loko o ke ao nei i loko o ka papa inoa ia, keia ano akamai ua helu like kekahi o ka loa mahalo, a me ka loa hoʻowahāwahā.

Hana akamai, hoikeia ma ka wa kamalii

Fischer hoʻokani Mū Kākela no ka mea, ua eono. ua no laila, laweʻia akuʻo ia ma ka hihiu o ka Mū Kākela ke keiki, ua kū i kaʻauʻau kai me na keiki o kona mau makahiki, arguing ana mawaena o lakou, i hiki ole i loaʻa i ka pono hoalawepu no ka laua. Ka makuahine i mua hoʻoholo e hele i ka psychiatrist, akā,ʻo ia reassured i ka wahine, i ka i ana ia Mū Kākela mea he maikai Hobby a me ka mea weliweli i loko o ke keiki i nā kaʻina ua ole. Mother hoomaka ae la e nana aku i ka hoalawepu no ka laua keiki ma nupepa hoʻolaha pāʻoihana, akā, kekahi i ole i hiki ke loaʻa. Ma hope, Bobby Fischer Mū Kākela i kapa i kona "hoololi ae ego."

Ka loa kaulana Reuʻela,

I ka makahiki 1972 ka mea, ua hana hoʻokipa i ka loa pono-ike Fischer hoʻokûkû - me ka Soviet Mū Kākela pôpeku Borisom Spasskim. Ke Competition Ua paʻa i loko o Reykjavik. Aia lawaiʻa ua eo 21 Huipû, a kiʻi i ka Poʻokela Honua. Ma hope, nae, Fischer, no ka mea kumu, hoomalau mai i ke kaumaha, e paʻi me Anatoliem Karpovym, a laila, i ka iwakālua o ka makahiki alakai i ka reclusive Aloha Hawaii.

'ē makemake Bobbi Fishera

He ua pinepine ae la oia olelo negatively e pili ana i keʻano'āina: mea e pili ana i Rusia, e pili ana i'Āina Hao, ka United States o. Fischer ua ma luna o ka maikai holoholona wawae me na elele o keʻano o ka marginalized pūʻulu - e like me ka hai ana o kekahi aoao, e like me ka Mafia. Fischer i ho'āʻo i ka haʻalele mamo, a makemake i'ālike nā'ōewe me ia - e e ili ma kona makana.

Ka maikai âlapa pôhili i loko o ke ao nei. Ka mea a ka mea hiki ke lilo?

Ke'ōlelo Hawaiʻi i ka hopena o kekahi o ka mea nui Mū Kākela ano akamai. Naʻe, i kēia mea,ʻaʻole he exhaustive papa. 10 kahi momona a âlapa pôhili me o ko ke ao nei i keia la - ia Carlsen Magnus, Vladimir Kramnik, Aronyan Levon, Teymur Radzhabov a me na mea e ae. No ka ho omaulia i ka ikaika o ka Mū Kākela âlapa pôhili me hoʻohana i ka ai-kapaia Elo pane lākiō nenoaiu. Ua? Ac? Ia e ke nä känaka 'epekema Amelika Arepada Elo. A hiki i 1989, i ka laina mua o ka pane lākiō i Bobby Fischer ma hope o - Garry Kasparov.

He aha e pili ana i ke kaua me ke kamepiula?

Interestingly, hiki manawa e hoʻokani i ka maikaʻi Mū Kākela âlapa pôhili me ka mōʻaukala a me ke kamepiula. Ka mua ia ń i wahi i ka 1996 ka wā Garry Kasparov ka liu o ka supercomputer Deep Blue, a hiki loiloi i kekahi 200 miliona nā kūlana hana no kekona. Naʻe, i loko o ka lua o ka lealea, Kasparov i hoopai kamepiula. A laila, ma hope o nā unuhi lealea, ka mea e hiki mai ana nā Ua lanakila 'o ia e ia.